Isotopic and Chemical Evidence Concerning the Genesis and Contamination of Basaltic and Rhyolitic Magma Beneath the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field   总被引：30，自引：6，他引：24  

HILDRETH  WES; HALLIDAY  ALEX N.; CHRISTIANSEN  ROBERT L. 《Journal of Petrology》1991,32(1):63-138

Since 2.2 Ma, the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field has produced6000 km³ of rhyolite tuffs and lavas in >60 separate eruptions,as well as 100 km³ of tholeiitic basalt from >50 vents peripheralto the silicic focus. Intermediate eruptive products are absent.Large calderas collapsed at 2?0, 1?3, and 0?6 Ma on eruptionof ash-flow sheets representing at least 2500, 280, and 1000km³ of zoned magma. Early postcollapse rhyolites show largeshifts in Nd, Sr, Pb, and O isotopic compositions caused byassimilation of roof rocks and hydrothermal brines during collapseand resurgence. Younger intracaldera rhyolite lavas record partialisotopic recovery toward precaldera ration. Thirteen extracalderarhyolites show none of these effects and have sources independentof the subcaldera magma system. Contributions from the Archaeancrust have extreme values and wide ranges of Nd-, Sr-, and Pb-isotoperatios, but Yellowstone rhyolites have moderate values and limitedranges. This requires their deep-crustal sources to have beenpervasively hybridized (and the Archaean components diluted)by distributed intrusion of Cenozoic basalt, most of which wasprobably contemporaneous with the Pliocene and Qualernary volcanism.In hybrid sources yielding magmas parental to the subcalderarhyolites, half or more of the Nd and Sr may have been contributedby such young basalt. Parents for the extracaldera rhyolites,generated beyond the leading edge of the northeast-propagatingfocus of basaltic intrusion and deep-crustal mobilization, containedsmaller fractions of mantle-derived components. Most Yellowstone basalts had undergone cryptic clinopyroxenefractionation in the lower crust or crust-mantle transitionzone and, having also ascended through or adjacent to crustalzones of silicic-magma generation, most underwent some crustalcontamination. A high fraction of the Pb in most basalts isof crustal derivation. Anomalously low seismic velocities toa depth of 250 km and a high flux of ³He at Yellowstone suggestsublithospheric magma contributions. Elevated baseline Nd- andSr-isotopc ratios suggest additional contributions from oldlithospheric mantle, but this is hard to quantify because ofthe crustal overprint. Foundering of crustally contaminatedmain-stage cumulates into the low-viscosity upper mantle beneaththe principal focus of basaltic intrusion may influence theisotopic compositions of low-K tholeiites and Snake River olivinetholeiites subsequently generated along the Snake River Plainaxis in the wake of the main migrating melting anomaly.  相似文献