2018年9月8日墨江地震及周边地区构造应力场特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李泽潇  万永革  崔华伟  李振月  胡晓辉  黄骥超  靳志同 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1431-1443

2018年9月8日,云南省墨江县发生MS5.9地震并伴随一系列余震,探究该地震周围的应力场对于理解该地震的发生机制和后续地震的发展趋势具有着重要的参考意义.本研究收集了震源及其邻区中前人研究和Global CMT所给出的震源机制资料,对该地区进行了构造应力场反演,并同时利用反演得到的应力张量模拟墨江地区的震源机制解表现.结果表明:(1)在应力轴整体分布上,自西向东σ1轴(压轴)从NNE-SSW向逐渐转向NNW-SSE向,σ3轴(张轴)从WWN-EES向逐渐转向WWS-EEN向,张轴呈弧形分布,压轴呈放射状分布.(2)在应力轴倾伏角上,研究区域内的压应力轴和张应力轴倾伏角都比较小,即两轴均接近水平.(3)R值分布大体是在东南部相较于西北部大,结合当地地质背景分析得到,物质逃逸自西北向东南呈逐渐变缓的趋势.(4)利用反演得到的应力张量和应力状态计算墨江地震震源区的相对剪应力和相对正应力大小.由此推测,墨江地震恰好发生在相对剪切应力值和相对正应力正值最大的节面上.从而可以确定墨江地震的发震节面的基本参数:走向216.32°,倾角86.91°,滑动角0.27°,相对剪应力值0.9,相对正应力值0.3.本研究为此次墨江地震的发震背景和地震动力学研究提供了基础性资料.  相似文献   

一种模拟非均匀介质中弹性波传播新的k-space方法          下载免费PDF全文

黄继伟  刘洪 《地球物理学报》2020,63(8):3091-3104

传统的伪谱(PS)方法,采用傅里叶变换(FT)计算空间导数具有很高的精度,每个波长仅需要两个采样点,而时间导数采用有限差分(FD)近似因而精度较低.当采用大时间步长时,由于时空精度不平衡,PS法存在不稳定性问题.原始的k-space方法可以有效地克服这些问题但是却无法适用于非均匀介质.为了提高原始k-space方法模拟非均匀介质波动方程的精度,我们提出了一种新的k-space算子族.它是用非均匀介质的变速度代替原k-space算子中的常数补偿速度构造得到,引入低秩近似可以高效求解.我们将构造的新的k-space算子应用于耦合的二阶位移波动方程,而不是交错网格一阶速度应力波动方程,使模拟弹性波的计算存储量减少.我们从数学上证明了基于二阶波动方程的k-space方法与基于一阶波动方程的k-space方法是等价的.数值模拟实验表明,与传统的PS、交错网格PS和原始的k-space方法相比,我们的新方法可以在时间和空间步长较大的均匀和非均匀介质中,为弹性波的传播提供更精确的数值解.在保持稳定性和精度的同时,采用较大的时空采样间隔,可以大大降低数值模拟的计算成本.  相似文献   

Characterizing spatial and temporal variation in 18O and 2H content of New Zealand river water for better understanding of hydrologic processes     

Jing Yang  Bruce D. Dudley  Kelsey Montgomery  Will Hodgetts 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5474-5488

Time series of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) in rivers can be used to quantify groundwater contributions to streamflow, and timescales of catchment storage. However, these isotope hydrology techniques rely on distinct spatial or temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O within the hydrologic cycle. In New Zealand, lack of understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O of river water hinders development of regional and national-scale hydrological models. We measured δ²H and δ¹⁸O monthly, together with river flow rates at 58 locations across New Zealand over a two-year period. Results show: (a) general patterns of decreasing δ²H and δ¹⁸O with increasing latitude were altered by New Zealand's major mountain ranges; δ²H and δ¹⁸O were distinctly lower in rivers fed from higher elevation catchments, and in eastern rain-shadow areas of both islands; (b) river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O values were partly controlled by local catchment characteristics (catchment slope, PET, catchment elevation, and upstream lake area) that influence evaporation processes; (c) regional differences in evaporation caused the slope of the river water line (i.e., the relationship between δ²H and δ¹⁸O in river water) for the (warmer) North Island to be lower than that of the (cooler, mountain-dominated) South Island; (d) δ²H seasonal offsets (i.e., the difference between seasonal peak and mean values) for individual sites ranged from 0.50‰ to 5.07‰. Peak values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H were in late summer, but values peaked 1 month later at the South Island sites, likely due to greater snow-melt contributions to streamflow. Strong spatial differences in river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O caused by orographic rainfall effects and evaporation may inform studies of water mixing across landscapes. Generally distinct seasonal isotope cycles, despite the large catchment sizes of rivers studied, are encouraging for transit time analysis applications.  相似文献   

平面不规则基础隔震结构抗扭设计研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄小宁  王威  王宁  杜永峰 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1283-1288

针对平面不规则结构在水平地震作用下的振动特性，通过调整隔震层隔震支座的布置，得到3种不同工况的隔震层刚心与上部结构质心、刚心相对位置关系，分别以楼层位移和层间位移为指标的扭转位移比，作为平面不规则基础隔震结构扭转响应指标，利用弹塑性时程分析方法，通过对3种不同工况的扭转指标对比分析研究，提出适用于平面不规则基础隔震结构的抗扭设计方法。结果表明：对于平面不规则结构，应在保证隔震层扭转位移比小于1.2的基础上，使隔震层的刚心和上部结构的刚心分别位于上部结构质心的两侧，可有效控制上部结构的扭转。  相似文献   

干旱区地表温度和热岛效应演变研究——以宁夏沿黄城市带为例          下载免费PDF全文

孙灏  马立茹  蔡创创  黄涛  吕林涛  阮琳  陈伟 《干旱区地理》2020,43(3):694-705

宁夏沿黄城市带位于宁夏东北部，不仅是干旱地区地理研究的重点区域，也是宁夏经济发展的核心区域。基于2000—2018年的MODIS地表温度、土地覆盖类型以及植被覆盖率数据，通过计算热岛比例指数 (URI)，利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验及Sen’s斜率估计法，对宁夏沿黄城市带近20 a白天和夜间的地表温度（LST）和热岛效应时间变化进行分析。结果表明：（1） 近20 a来，宁夏沿黄城市带大部分地区[WTBX]LST变化不显著，但在植被覆盖率增加区域，白天LST显著减小而夜间LST显著上升；植被覆盖率减小区域与之相反；夜间LST[WTBZ]变化幅度强于白天。（2） 宁夏沿黄城市带的热岛效应通常在白天较弱、在夜间较强；白天和夜间时刻的城市热岛效应在一年内呈现不同的季节变化特点,白天春冬较强，夜间夏季较强；过去近20 a，宁夏沿黄城市带白天热岛效应呈现稍微减弱趋势，夜间热岛效应呈现稍微增强趋势，但变化趋势均不显著。（3） 从植被覆盖率和地物类型两个影响因素的研究表明，植被覆盖率是影响地表温度变化的重要因素，城建区与郊区主要地物温差的改变是城市热岛强度变化的重要原因。从长时间序列变化的角度详细分析干旱区城市热岛的特征和变化原因，可为干旱区城市热岛带来的环境问题治理提供参考，也为研究干旱区热岛提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

基于细分行业的安徽省创新型企业集聚研究     

白如山  胡森林  庄良  刘岩  刘恺恺  黄鹏娜 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1190-1201

创新型企业作为塑造创新地理格局的重要力量，其区位选择的外部特征及内在机理亟须予以系统化研究。基于对安徽省创新型企业的细分行业与空间建库，采用核密度估计和地理探测器等方法，对细分行业下的创新型企业空间集聚特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：（1）安徽省创新型企业类型以先进制造和自动化为主，并以生物与新医药、新材料、电子信息为辅；（2）创新型企业空间集聚的不均衡特征显著，呈现出“一核一带多节点”的集聚分布特征，且合肥、芜湖是两个重要集聚区；不同细分行业视角下创新型企业的空间分布形态各异，可归纳为点-轴式、极核式、双核式及多核分散式等4种空间组织形态。（3）创新型因子对于创新型企业的空间集聚最为重要，但传统型和政策型因子的重要性仍不容忽视。其中，产业基础、人力资本、创新投入是最核心的因素，但各行业创新型企业的影响因素作用力则表现出一定的异质性。  相似文献   

东北地区水稻扩张的海拔优势区间分析     

黄莹泽  邱炳文  何玉花  张珂  邹凤丽 《地理科学进展》2020,39(9):1557-1564

及时掌握水稻的时空分布信息,对调整和优化农业生产结构至关重要。论文利用综合考虑植被物候和地表水变化的水稻自动制图方法,结合海拔、地表水体因素开展2001—2017年东北地区水稻分布的时空演变研究。通过889个地面调研点位对水稻分类结果验证,总体精度达90.66%,Kappa系数为0.8128。研究表明:① 21世纪初,东北地区水稻种植面积呈先略减后持续增加的趋势,2017年水稻种植面积达2001年的2.13倍。其中,水稻扩张面积的60%分布在三江平原,30%分布在松嫩平原,下辽河平原仅占不足5%。水稻扩张的海拔优势区间在200 m范围内,随着海拔的上升水稻扩张与地表水关系越来越密切。② 三江平原内,水稻扩张幅度在海拔30~70 m范围内逐渐增加,使优势区间从相对高度70 m缩减至40 m内,也使得分布优势逐渐趋向于距地表水体较远的区域。而松嫩平原和下辽河平原水稻种植分布的海拔优势区间始终分别保持在相对高度100 m、40 m内。③ 三江平原水稻的集中分布和急剧扩张,使水稻分布优势逐渐趋向于距地表水体远的区域,这将对地下水带来更大的压力;而松嫩平原水稻分布受地表水体影响较大,分布优势随着距地表水体距离的增加而减小。研究可为农业部门评估水资源承载力、保障农业可持续发展提供数据支撑及理论参考。  相似文献   

Analysis of city centrality based on entropy weight TOPSIS and population mobility:A case study of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt     

罗静  陈四云  孙璇  朱媛媛  曾菊新  陈广平 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(4):515-534

Based on statistical data and population flow data for 2016,and using entropy weight TOPSIS and the obstacle degree model,the centrality of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)together with the factors influencing centrality were measured.In addition,data for the population flow were used to analyze the relationships between cities and to verify centrality.The results showed that:(1)The pattern of centrality conforms closely to the pole-axis theory and the central geography theory.Two axes,corresponding to the Yangtze River and the Shanghai-Kunming railway line,interconnect cities of different classes.On the whole,the downstream cities have higher centrality,well-defined gradients and better development of city infrastructure compared with cities in the middle and upper reaches.(2)The economic scale and size of the population play a fundamental role in the centrality of cities,and other factors reflect differences due to different city classes.For most of the coastal cities or the capital cities in the central and western regions,factors that require long-term development such as industrial facilities,consumption,research and education provide the main competitive advantages.For cities that are lagging behind in development,transportation facilities,construction of infrastructure and fixed asset investment have become the main methods to achieve development and enhance competitiveness.(3)The mobility of city populations has a significant correlation with the centrality score,the correlation coefficients for the relationships between population mobility and centrality are all greater than 0.86(P<0.01).The population flow is mainly between high-class cities,or high-class and low-class cities,reflecting the high centrality and huge radiating effects of high-class cities.Furthermore,the cities in the YREB are closely linked to Guangdong and Beijing,reflecting the dominant economic status of Guangdong with its geographical proximity to the YREB and Beijing's enormous influence as the national political and cultural center,respectively.  相似文献   

Identifying primary public transit corridors using multi-source big transit data     

Tong Zhang  Yicong Li  Hui Yang  Chenrong Cui  Jing Li  Qinghua Qiao 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(6):1137-1161

ABSTRACT

Effective public transit planning needs to address realistic travel demands, which can be illustrated by corridors across major residential areas and activity centers. It is vital to identify public transit corridors that contain the most significant transit travel demand patterns. We propose a two-stage approach to discover primary public transit corridors at high spatio-temporal resolutions using massive real-world smart card and bus trajectory data, which manifest rich transit demand patterns over space and time. The first stage was to reconstruct chained trips for individual passengers using multi-source massive public transit data. In the second stage, a shared-flow clustering algorithm was developed to identify public transit corridors based on reconstructed individual transit trips. The proposed approach was evaluated using transit data collected in Shenzhen, China. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach is a practical tool for extracting time-varying corridors for many potential applications, such as transit planning and management.  相似文献   

Experimental study on the shear behavior of the interface between cushion materials and the concrete raft     

Yaokun Li  Xiaolei Han  Khaled Galal  Jing Ji 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2018,17(1):165-178

Cushion is a layer of granular materials between the raft and the ground. The shear behavior of the interface between the cushion and the raft may influence the seismic performance of the superstructure. In order to quantify such influences, horizontal shear tests on the interfaces between different cushion materials and concrete raft under monotonic and cyclic loading were carried out. The vertical pressure P_v, material type and cushion thickness h_c were taken as variables. Conclusions include: 1) under monotonic loading, P_v is the most significant factor; the shear resistance P_(hmax) increases as P_v increases, but the normalized factor of resistance μ_n has an opposite tendency; 2) for the materials used in this study, μ_n varies from 0.40 to 0.70, the interface friction angle δ_s varies from 20° to 35°, while u_(max) varies from 3 mm to 15 mm; 3) under cyclic loading, the interface behavior can be abstracted as a "three-segment" back-bone curve, the main parameters include μ_n, the displacement u_1 and stiffness K_1 of the elastic stage, the displacement u_2 and stiffness K_2 of the plastic stage; 4) by observation and statistical analysis, the significance of different factors, together with values of K_1, K_2 and μ_n have been obtained.  相似文献