深海沉积物中白云岩丰度长期变化的周期性表现     

Negi  JG 周立君 《海洋地质前沿》1997,(2):10-12

从地质记录中寻找周期是科学家最感兴趣的事情之一。最近，Hazen利Trefil（1991）提出了20条科学论点，并提到了地球上的所有事物都以周期模式运转．这个想法在最近对百万个不同的长期的陆地及防外时间序列的周期性分析中得到证实、尤其是RauP利Sepkoski（1984）关于海洋种群灭绝的周期是26Ma的断言引起了很大的争议。讨论集中在26Ma周期的统计稳定性及内在联系方面一对陆地（潮汐玄武岩，气候和海平面变化等）和陆外（冲击陨石坑）循环过程与周期性生物事件的内在联系的很多研究为“灾变循环”的可能出现提供了证据。然而，对这些记录里…  相似文献   

加州兰德斯地震触发的西部大盆地的地震活动性     

安德.  JG 《地震科技情报》1994,(10):16-16

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岩性探测技术发展现状     

Elan  JG 赵蔼廉 《国外煤田地质》1991,(2):36-41

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树木减少滑坡坡的作用有多大     

Hawl.  JG 李中魁 《地理译报》1991,(4):41-44

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Response of single benthic metrics and multi-metric methods to anthropogenic pressure gradients, in five distinct European coastal and transitional ecosystems   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Borja A  Barbone E  Basset A  Borgersen G  Brkljacic M  Elliott M  Garmendia JM  Marques JC  Mazik K  Muxika I  Magalhães Neto J  Norling K  Rodríguez JG  Rosati I  Rygg B  Teixeira H  Trayanova A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):499-513

In recent times many benthic indices have been proposed to assess the ecological quality of marine waters worldwide. In this study we compared single metrics and multi-metric methods to assess coastal and transitional benthic status along human pressure gradients in five distinct environments across Europe: Varna bay and lake (Bulgaria), Lesina lagoon (Italy), Mondego estuary (Portugal), Basque coast (Spain) and Oslofjord (Norway). Hence, 13 single metrics (abundance, number of taxa, and several diversity and sensitivity indices) and eight of the most common indices used within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for benthic assessment were selected: index of size spectra (ISS), Benthic assessment tool (BAT), Norwegian quality index (NQI), Multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), Benthic quality index (BQI), (Benthic ecosystem quality index (BEQI), Benthic index based on taxonomic sufficiency (BITS), and infaunal quality index (IQI). Within each system, sampling sites were ordered in an increasing pressure gradient according to a preliminary classification based on professional judgement. The different indices are largely consistent in their response to pressure gradient, except in some particular cases (i.e. BITS, in all cases, or ISS when a low number of individuals is present). Inconsistencies between indicator responses were most pronounced in transitional waters (i.e. IQI, BEQI), highlighting the difficulties of the generic application of indicators to all marine, estuarine and lagoonal environments. However, some of the single (i.e. ecological groups approach, diversity, richness) and multi-metric methods (i.e. BAT, M-AMBI, NQI) were able to detect such gradients both in transitional and coastal environments, being these multi-metric methods more consistent in the detection than single indices. This study highlights the importance of survey design and good reference conditions for some indicators. The agreement observed between different methodologies and their ability to detect quality trends across distinct environments constitutes a promising result for the implementation of the WFD’s monitoring plans. Moreover, these results have management implications, regarding the dangers of misclassification, uncertainty in the assessment, use of conflicting indices, and testing and validation of indices.  相似文献   

Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

Borja A  Bricker SB  Dauer DM  Demetriades NT  Ferreira JG  Forbes AT  Hutchings P  Jia X  Kenchington R  Carlos Marques J  Zhu C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(9):1519-1537

In recent years, several sets of legislation worldwide (Oceans Act in USA, Australia or Canada; Water Framework Directive or Marine Strategy in Europe, National Water Act in South Africa, etc.) have been developed in order to address ecological quality or integrity, within estuarine and coastal systems. Most such legislation seeks to define quality in an integrative way, by using several biological elements, together with physico-chemical and pollution elements. Such an approach allows assessment of ecological status at the ecosystem level ('ecosystem approach' or 'holistic approach' methodologies), rather than at species level (e.g. mussel biomonitoring or Mussel Watch) or just at chemical level (i.e. quality objectives) alone. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of tools for different physico-chemical or biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, fishes) elements of the ecosystems. However, few methodologies integrate all the elements into a single evaluation of a water body. The need for such integrative tools to assess ecosystem quality is very important, both from a scientific and stakeholder point of view. Politicians and managers need information from simple and pragmatic, but scientifically sound methodologies, in order to show to society the evolution of a zone (estuary, coastal area, etc.), taking into account human pressures or recovery processes. These approaches include: (i) multidisciplinarity, inherent in the teams involved in their implementation; (ii) integration of biotic and abiotic factors; (iii) accurate and validated methods in determining ecological integrity; and (iv) adequate indicators to follow the evolution of the monitored ecosystems. While some countries increasingly use the establishment of marine parks to conserve marine biodiversity and ecological integrity, there is awareness (e.g. in Australia) that conservation and management of marine ecosystems cannot be restricted to Marine Protected Areas but must include areas outside such reserves. This contribution reviews the current situation of integrative ecological assessment worldwide, by presenting several examples from each of the continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.  相似文献   

A model of cells as practical approach to simulate spring flow in the Itxina karstic aquifer, Basque Country, Spain     

Soliz JG  Acebo HL 《Ground water》2001,39(3):339-347

The aim of this study is to apply a parsimonious hydrologic model to the Itxina karstic aquifer that can predict changes in discharge resulting from variable inputs (recharge). The Itxina Aquifer was divided into four cells corresponding to different recharge areas. Each cell was treated as a tank to characterize the conditions within the cell. In the model, when the reservoir boundaries coincide with the position of the siphons, the signal simulated is sensitive to input pulses of the recharge. This supports the hypothesis that the siphons are the controlling mechanism in the flow system of the aquifer. The good agreement between predicted and measured discharges demonstrates the ability of the model to simulate the flow in the Itxina Aquifer. These results demonstrated that the hydraulic conductivity increases downstream within the aquifer. The hydraulic conductivities obtained by calibration varied between 4.2 x 10(-3) m/s upstream of the aquifer, 6.0 x 10(-2) m/s in the central region, and 9.5 x 10(-1) m/s in the lower region of the aquifer. These values seem reasonable because the underground features in the principal caves show that the density of caves increases downstream in the Itxina Aquifer. The simple representation of the system produced results comparable to traditional ground water models with fewer data requirements and calibration parameters.  相似文献   

西南热低压及其预报的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李国文 《气象学报》1965,37(2):126-131

在四川盆地或其附近地区生成、发展的热低压是春季影响西南地区的一种重要天气系统。受热低压控制的地区,晴天少云、温度高、湿度减小、南风增大,贵州西部、云南北部常出现偏南大风。热低压填塞消失后,常常给川黔地区带来大范围的降温和降水天气。文中也指出了西南热低压与高空西南低涡的关系:在热低压发展达最盛之前,700毫巴相应的位置上有低涡出现,低涡出现后24—36小时,它随同500毫巴上的西风槽东移,地面热低压就填塞了。 本文总结了热低压发生、发展的一般规律,并利用天气图从贵阳气象要素的变化上得出了热低压消失与成长的一些经验预报指标。  相似文献   

The concentration and isotopic composition of carbon in basaltic glasses from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean     

Blank JG  Delaney JR  Des Marais DJ 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1993,57(4):875-887

The abundance and 13C/12C ratios of carbon were analyzed in basaltic glass from twenty locations along the Juan de Fuca Ridge using a 3-step combustion/extraction technique. Carbon released during the first two combustion steps at 400-500 degrees C and 600-650 degrees C is interpreted to be secondary, and only the carbon recovered during a final combustion step at approximately 1200 degrees C is thought to be indigenous to the samples. For carbon released at approximately 1200 degrees C, glasses analyzed as 1-2 mm chips contained 23-146 ppm C with delta 13C values of -4.8 to -9.3%, whereas samples crushed to 38-63 microns or 63-90 microns yielded 56-103 ppm C with delta 13C values of -6.1 to -9.2%. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of the primary carbon dissolved in the glasses and present in the vesicles are similar to those previously reported for other ocean-ridge basalts. The Juan de Fuca basaltic magmas were not in equilibrium with respect to carbon when they erupted and quenched on the sea floor. Evidence of disequilibrium includes (1) a large range of carbon contents among glasses collected at similar depths, (2) a highly variable calculated carbon isotopic fractionation between melt and vapor determined by comparing crushed and uncrushed splits of the same sample, and (3) a lack of correlation between vesicle abundance, carbon concentration, and depth of eruption. Variations in carbon concentration and delta 13C ratios along the ridge do not correlate with major element chemistry. The observed relationship between carbon concentrations and delta 13C values may be explained by late-stage, variable degrees of open-system (Rayleigh-like) degassing.  相似文献   

SAR海洋影像的小波表达方法     

Teti.  JG 方圣辉 《武测译文》1994,(2):39-45

小波分析可以作为地球物理研究工作的一个工具。通过连续小波变换和离散小波变换得到了检验。在这两种变换中，利用一些不同的计算过程有可能实现波形的分解和复原。每个计算过程的理论背景都利用一些特殊的“小波”作了简单的描述和应用，所用的小波基于高斯函数，同时它提供了满足“时间与频率”（空间位置与波数）局部分析不确定性下界。这种表示方式非常适合于那些非平衡过程的波形分析，通过扩张Ｆｍ－ｃｈｉｒｐ波形和两个不同  相似文献