Analytical investigation of the exact groundwater divide between rivers beyond the Dupuit–Forchheimer approximation     

Ruoyi Li  Xu-Sheng Wang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14036

The groundwater divide is a key feature of river basins and significantly influenced by subsurface hydrological processes. For an unconfined aquifer between two parallel rivers or ditches, it has long been defined as the top of the water table based on the Dupuit–Forchheimer approximation. However, the exact groundwater divide is subject to the interface between two local flow systems transporting groundwater to rivers from the infiltration recharge. This study contributes a new analytical model for two-dimensional groundwater flow between rivers of different water levels. The flownet is delineated in the model to identify groundwater flow systems and the exact groundwater divide. Formulas with two dimensionless parameters are derived to determine the distributed hydraulic head, the top of the water table and the groundwater divide. The locations of the groundwater divide and the top of the water table are not the same. The distance between them in horizontal can reach up to 8.9% of the distance between rivers. Numerical verifications indicate that simplifications in the analytical model do not significantly cause misestimates in the location of the groundwater divide. In contrast, the Dupuit–Forchheimer approximation yields an incorrect water table shape. The new analytical model is applied to investigate groundwater divides in the Loess Plateau, China, with a Monte Carlo simulation process taking into account the uncertainties in the parameters.  相似文献   

2007-2017年中国沙尘气溶胶的三维分布特征及输送过程     

贾瑞  刘玉芝  吴楚樵  祝清哲  汪兵 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):108-117

利用最新发布的CALIPSO产品，构建了2007-2017年中国沙尘气溶胶的三维分布，并结合HYSPLIT-4模式和再分析数据，探讨了沙尘的三维输送过程。结果表明：中国的沙尘排放源区主要是塔克拉玛干沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠，沙尘气溶胶出现频率分别为60%和35%。塔克拉玛干沙漠排放的沙尘主要（50%~70%）停留在源地0~6 000 m高度，少部分向东输送至甘肃和内蒙古；巴丹吉林沙漠排放的沙尘则主要向东输送。中国沙尘排放量在春季最大，向东输送最强；夏季，东亚夏季风限制了沙尘向东输送；秋季，沙尘排放减弱，输送强度和夏季相当；沙尘排放量在冬季最小，输送最弱。夏季，沙尘在输送过程中可被抬升至高度5 000 m以上，春季次之，秋、冬季的沙尘主要在低层大气输送。沙尘在向东输送的过程中被抬升并和当地人为污染物混合变为污染性沙尘，华北地区污染性沙尘出现频率高达30%；输送到海洋的沙尘也会与洋面上（0~3 000 m高度）的海盐气溶胶混合，出现频率约为10%。  相似文献   

四川理塘地区二叠—三叠纪硅质岩的地球化学特征及地质意义     

严松涛  谭昌海  秦蒙  李虎  段阳海 《地球学报》2020,41(4):504-514

甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带位于西南"三江"东缘,为义敦—理塘弧盆系的重要组成部分,其内部发育大量不同时代不同类型的硅质岩。本次研究在理塘县理觉公路硅质岩夹层泥岩、泥灰岩中发现含有大量的中二叠—晚二叠世牙形石,在查日查东村附近硅质岩中采获中三叠世放射虫。通过对研究区硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征研究,探讨硅质岩的成因类型及其沉积环境。结果表明,理塘地区硅质岩SiO_2质量分数为66.13%～85.89%, Al_2O_3质量分数为4.69%～7.85%, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.44～0.73之间, U/Th比值为0.10～0.19,δCe值为1.00～1.63,这些特征共同指示其为生物成因硅质岩。Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)质量比为0.52～0.79, MnO/TiO_2质量比为0.05～0.27,∑REE为(49.26～165.41)×10~(–6),平均为94.37×10~(–6),(La/Yb)N比值为0.78～2.32,(La/Ce)N比值为0.72～1.26,指示其应形成于大陆边缘环境。理塘地区理觉公路和查日查东村二叠—三叠纪大陆边缘型硅质岩的厘定,不仅丰富了甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带的物质组成,也为甘孜—理塘洋盆二叠—三叠纪地质演化提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

四川盆地广安地区中二叠统栖霞组岩石特征与沉积环境     

易海永  崔宝琛  王瑶琳  邱玉超  徐胜林  李乾 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):454-464

四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组勘探发现系列油气，资源潜力巨大。但广安地区中二叠统栖霞组的岩石学特征及沉积环境研究薄弱。在野外地质调查的基础上，结合室内岩石学、岩相学等综合分析，对广安地区栖霞组碳酸盐岩岩石特征、沉积相类型及其古地理展布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明：广安地区栖霞组主要发育亮晶颗粒灰岩、亮晶生物碎屑灰岩、微晶生物碎屑灰岩、微晶颗粒灰岩、生物碎屑微晶灰岩、含生物碎屑微晶灰岩和泥晶灰岩7种岩石类型；碳酸盐岩颗粒主要以生物碎屑为主，部分层位发育球粒；古生物化石以三叶虫、腕足和有孔虫为主，同时可见棘皮类和藻类；栖霞组沉积期主要为碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境，其中栖霞组晚期（栖二段）台缘滩和台内滩较为发育，为该区油气成藏提供了有利条件。  相似文献   

参附注射液建立自发性高血压病大鼠肝阳上亢证模型的研究          下载免费PDF全文

周梦  杨文丽  刘晓庆 《应用海洋学学报》2018,34(12):120-122

目的：探讨参附注射液建立自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）模型的可能性。方法：将30只3月龄SPF级健康雄性自发性高血压大鼠称重，随机分为SHR组，附子汤组，参附注射液低、中、高剂量组，每组6只。各组采用对应药物灌胃进行模型制备，另取同品系同周龄雄性魏-凯二氏大鼠（WKY）6只作为正常对照组（WKY组）。观察参附注射液对SHR大鼠24h饮水量、易激惹程度、痛阈、睑结膜充血及收缩压的影响。结果：附子汤组及参附注射液中、高剂量组造模后均出现了易激惹程度增高、睑结膜充血程度增高、饮水量增多、痛阈降低、收缩压升高等肝阳上亢的表现，与WKY组及SHR组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)，表明造模成功。结论：参附注射液可以制备新型高血压肝阳上亢证模型，但是具体造模机制以及造模药物用量需待进一步探讨确定。  相似文献   

MicroRNAs identification and bioinformatics analysis in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea using an integrated comparative and ab initio approach     

房路京  肖世俊  韩兆方  王志勇 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2018,36(5):1707-1719

  相似文献   

Climatological Characteristics of the East Asian Winter Monsoon Simulated by CWRF Regional Climate Model     

Bingdi Wang  Qingquan Li  Xinyong Shen  Lili Dong  Fang Wang  Tao Wang  Xinzhong Liang 《地球科学进展》2020,35(3):319-330

Based on the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data from the European Medium-Term Weather Forecast Center from 1979 to 2016 and the ERSSTv4 sea surface temperature data from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the regional climate model CWRF was used to simulate the climate characteristics in East Asia. The results show that the CWRF model can well reproduce the average characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation, including the location and intensity of the low-level continental cold high pressure and variation characteristics of wind field in high and low levels. The occurrence area and frequency of the north wind in the simulation and the reanalysis data were further calculated and compared. It is shown that they are basically consistent. The distribution of air temperature and precipitation over China are well represented by the model. The water vapor transport is also in good agreement with the reanalysis data. The water vapor from the Bay of Bengal plays a vital role in the precipitation over South China. The simulation results of apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink show that the model can well simulate the thermal difference between the East Asian continent and the adjacent sea area. The analysis results indicate that CWRF model has the ability to simulate the main characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon.  相似文献   

Multi-stage metasomatism of lithospheric mantle by asthenosphere-derived melts: evidence from mantle xenoliths in daxizhuang at the eastern North China craton     

Zhao  XinMiao  Wang  Hui  Li  ZhiHan  Liu  FengLin  Evans  Noreen J.  Zhang  HongFu 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2020,114(2):141-159

Mineralogy and Petrology - A detailed study on petrology and mineral chemistry of 12 mantle xenoliths from Late Cretaceous basaltic lava flows at Daxizhuang has been conducted to constrain the...  相似文献   

基于多变量LSTM神经网络的地下水水位预测     

闫佰忠  孙剑  王昕洲  韩娜  刘博 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(1):208-216

为解决以往模型未考虑地下水位相关影响因素的问题，探讨长短期记忆（LSTM）神经网络在地下水位预测中的应用，利用长短期记忆神经网络，采用多变量输入的方式，构建了基于多变量LSTM神经网络的地下水水位预测模型。以泰安市岱岳区J1号监测井为例，采用2001-2014年地下水水位动态监测资料与相关影响因素数据，利用多变量LSTM神经网络对2015-2016年地下水位进行预测，并与单变量LSTM神经网络和反向传播（BP）神经网络进行对比。研究结果表明：以相关影响变量为输入的BP神经网络无法考虑时序变化规律，预测均方根误差最大，为2.399 3；以地下水位为变量输入的单变量LSTM神经网络仅能根据时序变化作出相应预测，无法考虑相关变量影响，预测均方根误差为2.102 2；基于多变量输入的LSTM神经网络的预测精度显著高于单变量LSTM神经网络和BP神经网络，预测均方根误差最小，仅为1.919 1。总体上，多变量LSTM神经网络地下水位预测模型仅在某些峰值处误差较大，但总体预测效果较为理想。  相似文献   

帕米尔高原Rushan-Pshart古特提斯洋或中特提斯洋争论的岩石地球化学证据     

徐天德  王世锋  汤文坤  姚鑫 《地质科学》2020,(1):218-233

帕米尔高原上广泛分布的加里东期火山岩,印支期火山岩与燕山期火山岩被认为是块体依次向北俯冲拼贴到欧亚板块上的产物。特别是燕山期火山岩被认为是Rushan-Pshart中特提斯洋闭合的产物。但近年来地层古生物、火山岩证据不断表明Rushan-Pshart洋闭合时间在晚三叠一早侏罗世,由此限定Rushan-Pshart古特提斯洋性质,而帕米尔高原上广泛分布的燕山期火山岩是更南部的Shyok中特提斯洋闭合的产物。目前,中国境内Rushan-Pshart缝合带属性的研究工作展开较晚,研究程度较低。我们对塔什库尔干明铁盖沟一线燕山期火山岩带展开的工作发现零星分布的印支期花岗岩。印支期花岗岩错石U・Pb年龄显示岩体侵位时间在201 Ma左右。全岩主量元素特征表明岩石为I型高钾钙碱性闪长花岗岩;稀土元素在球粒陨石标准化图解中呈轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损的右倾海鸥型。明铁盖岩体的微量元素显示大离子亲石元素明显富集,而高场强元素明显亏损。稀土微量元素特征倾向花岗岩属性为岛弧型花岗岩,Sr-Nd-Hf同位素比值特征显示岩体形成于下地壳部分熔融环境。岩体的地化特征表明岩体形成的构造环境为板块汇聚的洋壳俯冲阶段,结合区域地质特征,我们将花岗岩体归为Rushan-Pshart古特提斯洋壳俯冲消减的产物。Rushan-Pshart缝合带传统上认为是中特提斯带,近年的研究进展认为其为古特提斯缝合带,本文的工作支持这种观点。Rushan-Pshart古特提斯缝合带的确立对帕米尔高原与青藏高原主体的块体对比提供了可信的对比方案,并对青藏高原新生代陆内变形方式的争论提供了可靠的证据。  相似文献