A sedimentary record from a deep Quaternary valley in the southern Lillebælt area, Denmark: Eemian and Early Weichselian lithology and chronology at Mommark     

JÓN EIRÍKSSON  PETER H. KRISTENSEN  HOLGER LYKKE-ANDERSEN  KATHRYN BROOKS  REW MURRAY  KAREN LUISE KNUDSEN  CHRISTOPHER GLAISTER 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2006,35(2):320-331

A unique sequence of Late Saalian, Eemian and Early Weichselian strata is exposed in a coastal outcrop at Mommark in the western Baltic. The sedimentary facies and faunas reflect palaeoenvironmental changes from an initial freshwater lake followed by marine transgression and interglacial deposition in a palaeo-Baltic sea. The upper part of the Eemian marine record indicates regression followed by lacustrine sedimentation and deposition of Early Weichselian aeolian sediments, which are truncated by an erosional unconformity overlain by a till bed. The lower and middle parts of the sequence have previously been correlated with the European glacial-interglacial stratigraphy on the basis of pollen analysis, while the upper part has been dated for the present study using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of samples from the aeolian and glacial deposits. A similar complete glacial-interglacial-glacial succession has not previously been recorded from this area. The Mommark sequence of conformable strata has been subjected to lateral compression, evidenced by folding and low-angle reverse faults. Seismic records from the adjacent waters in the western Baltic reveal a system of buried Quaternary valleys in the area. It is suggested that the interglacial deposition took place in a basin within one of these valleys and that a slab constituting the Mommark sequence, originating from the margin of a valley, has been glaciotectonically displaced northwestwards to the present location.  相似文献   

A re-examination of the seiche periods of Lake Vättern     

GÖRAN G. A. BJÖRK  PETER A. LUNDBERG 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1990,42(5):615-626

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Tracer budgets in the warm water sphere     

JAMES C. MCWILLIAMS  GOKHAN DANABASOGLU  PETER R. GENT 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1996,48(1):179-192

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Photosynthesis, excretion, and growth rates of Phaeocystis colonies and solitary cells   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PETER G. VERITY  THEODORE J. SMAYDA  EGIL SAKSHAUG 《Polar research》1991,10(1):117-128

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Aerosol number size distributions from 3 to 500 nm diameter in the arctic marine boundary layer during summer and autumn     

DAVID S. COVERT  ALFRED WIEDENSOHLER  PASI AALTO  JOST HEINTZENBERG  PETER H. MCMURRY  CAROLINE LECK 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1996,48(2):197-212

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Melting Relationships in the System CaO-MgO-CO2-H2O, with Petrological Applications     

WYLLIE  PETER J. 《Journal of Petrology》1965,6(1):101-123

Phase relationships on the vapor-saturated liquidus surfacein the system CaO-MgO-CO₂-H₂O have been deduced from data inthe systems CaO CO₂-H₂O, CaO-MgO-CO₂, and MgO-CO₂-H₂O, and frompreliminary experiments in the quaternary system. These areillustrated in composition tetrahedra, and in isobaric sectionsthrough the petrogenetic model. The univariant PT curve forthe beginning of melting lies between 625? C and 600? C in thepressure range 10 bars to 4 kilobars, in the presence of a vaporphase rich in H₂O. The curve is divided into three sectionsby two invariant points, each section having a different primarymagnesian phase involved in the melting reaction. Periclaseoccurs on the low-pressure section (less than about 1 kilobar),and with increasing pressure first brucite and then dolomitebecome stable on the liquidus. The pressure of the second invariantpoint, above which dolomite is stable on the liquidus, is notknown. The effect of FeO as an additional component is considered.Processes of crystallization resulting from changes in temperature,in pressure, and in the composition of the vapor phase are discussed.These processes are applied to the crystallization and differentiationof carbonatite magmas, and the reverse processes involving fusionare applied to the metamorphism of dolomites. Crystallizationdifferentiation of a carbonatite magma could produce the sequenceof intrusion observed at some carbonatite complexes: calcitics?vite, followed by ankeritic s?vite, and finally sideriticcarbonatite. Partial melting may occur during the thermal metamorphismof dolomites, but melting is unlikely during regional metamorphism.  相似文献   

The effects of interactions between surface forcings in the development of a model-simulated polar low in Hudson Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PHILIPPE GACHON  RENÉ LAPRISE  PETER ZWACK  FRANÇOIS J. SAUCIER 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2003,55(1):61-87

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Evidence for Multiple Mechanisms of Crustal Contamination of Magma from Compositionally Zoned Plutons and Associated Ultramafic Intrusions of the Alaska Range   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

REINERS  PETER W.; NELSON  BRUCE K.; NELSON  STEVEN W. 《Journal of Petrology》1996,37(2):261-292

Models of continental crustal magmagenesis commonly invoke theinteraction of mafic mantle-derived magma and continental crustto explain geochemical and petrologic characteristics of crustalvolcanic and plutonic rocks. This interaction and the specificmechanisms of crustal contamination associated with it are poorlyunderstood. An excellent opportunity to study the progressiveeffects of crustal contamination is offered by the compositeplutons of the Alaska Range, a series of nine early Tertiary,multiply intruded, compositionally zoned (Peridotite to granite)plutons. Large initial Sr and Nd isotopic contrasts betweenthe crustal country rock and likely parental magmas allow evaluationof the mechanisms and extents of crustal contamination thataccompanied the crystallization of these ultra-mafic throughgranitic rocks. Three contamination processes are distinguishedin these plutons. The most obvious of these is assimilationof crustal country rock concurrent with magmatic fractionalcrystallization (AFC), as indicated by a general trend towardcrustal-like isotopic signatures with increasing differentiation.Second, many ultramafic and mafic rocks have late-stage phenocrystreaction and orthocumulate textures that suggest interactionwith felsic melt. These rocks also have variable and enrichedisotopic compositions that suggest that this felsic melt wasisotopically enriched and probably derived from crustal countryrock. Partial melt from the flysch country rock may have reactedwith and contaminated these partly crystalline magmas followingthe precipitation and accumulation of the cumulus phenocrystsbut before complete solidification of the magma. This suggeststhat in magmatic mush (especially of ultramafic composition)crystallizing in continental crust, a second distinct processof crustal contamination may be super imposed on AFC or magmamixing involving the main magma body. Finally, nearly all rocks,including mafic and ultramafic rocks, have (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i thatare too high, and (T) _Nd that are too low, to represent theexpected isotopic composition of typical depleted mantle. However,gabbro xenoliths with typical depicted-mantle isotopic compositionsare found in the plutons. This situation requires either anadditional enriched mantle component to provide the parentalmagma for these plutons, or some mechanism of crustal contaminationof the parent magma that did not cause significant crystallizationand differentiation of the magma to more felsic compositions.Thermodynamic modeling indicates that assimilation of alkali-andwater-rich partial melt of the metapelite country rock by fractionating,near-liquidus basaltic magma could cause significant contaminationwhile suppressing significant crystallization and differentiation. KEY WORDS: crustal contamination; Alaska Range; isotope geochemistry; zoned plutons; assimilation ^*Corresponding author. e-mail: preiners{at}u.washington.edu; fax: (206) 543-3836.  相似文献   

REE-Depleted Leucogranites, Black Hills, South Dakota: a Consequence of Disequilibrium Melting of Monazite-Bearing Schists   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

NABELEK  PETER. I.; GLASCOCK  MICHAEL. D. 《Journal of Petrology》1995,36(4):1055-1071

Two isotopically distinct but otherwise chemically similar leucogranitesuites in the Proterozoic Horney Peak Granite, Black Hills,South Dakota, have contrasting light rare earth element (LREE)concentrations. Most samples of a relatively ¹⁸O-depleted suitehave LREE- enriched, chondrite-normalized patterns, typicalof melts derived from metasedimentary protoliths, whereas allsamples of the regionally significant, relatively ¹⁸O-enrichedsuite have LREE-depleted patterns. The latter patterns are interpretedto have resulted from disequilibrium melting of schists. Monaziteand perhaps other accessory minerals remained armored by biotiteand garnet which did not partake in the muscovite dehydration-meltingreaction that produced LREE-depleted melts. The REE concentrationsin the LREE-depleted samples are below saturation levels formonazite at reasonable melting temperatures and melt water contents,whereas the REE concentrations in the LREE-enriched samplesyield 700–800C monazite saturation temperatures, reasonablefor biotite dehydration-melting reactions. LREE depletions,analogous to those in the LREE-depleted granites, are also foundin leucosomes of partially molten schists, thought to be theprotolith for the granite. In contrast, the melanosomes holdthe accessory minerals and bulk of the LREEs. KEY WORDS: accessory minerals; leucogranites; Black Hills; monazite; partial melting ^*Corresponding author at Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri. Telephone: 314-884-6463. Fax: 314-882-5458. e-mail: geolpin{at}showme.missouri.edu.  相似文献   

Geochemical Evidence for Subduction Fluxes, Mantle Melting and Fractional Crystallization Beneath the South Sandwich Island Arc   总被引：31，自引：11，他引：20  

PEARCE  JULIAN A.; BAKER  PETER E.; HARVEY  PETER K.; LUFF  IAN W. 《Journal of Petrology》1995,36(4):1073-1109

The volcanoes of the South Sandwich island arc follow threedistinct series: low-K tholeiitic (followed by Zavodovski, Candlemas,Vindication, Montagu and Bristol), tholeiitic (followed by Visokoi,Saunders and Bellinghausen) and calcalkaline (followed by Leskov,Freehand and part of Cook and Thule). Flux calculations indicatethat the percentage contribution of the subduction componentto the mantle source of all three series varies from undetectable(e.g. Zr) through small (e.g. Nd=20%) and moderate (e.g. La,Ce, Sr=50–80%) to dominant (e.g. Pb, K, Ba, Rb, Cs >90%)with little change along the arc. Isotope systematics (Pb, Nd,Sr) show that this subduction component obtains a greater contributionfrom altered oceanic crust than from pelagic sediment. Elementsfor which the subduction contribution is small show that themantle is already depleted relative to N-MORB mantle (equivalentto loss of an 2•5% melt fraction) before melting beneaththe arc. After addition of the subduction component, dynamicmelting of this depleted mantle then causes the variations inK that distinguish the three series. The estimated degree ofpartial melting (20%) is slightly greater than that beneathocean ridges, though geothermometry suggests that the primarymagma temperature (1225C) is similar to that of primary MORB.About half of the melting may be attributed to volatile addition,and half to decompression. Dynamic melting involving three-dimensional,two-phase flow may be needed to explain fully the inter-islandvariations. KEY WORDS: geochemistry; petrology; fluxes; melting; subduction ^*Corresponding author  相似文献