Assessing the level of living condition in Bundelkhand region of Central India: a households level analysis     

Das  Manob  Das  Arijit  Mandal  Ashis 《GeoJournal》2021,86(6):2723-2745

The study assesses the level of development and disparities in terms of living conditions of the households in the districts of Bundelkhand region. To measure actual scenario of living conditions of the HHs, a Composite Index was developed on the basis of 18 indicators. Even to assess living conditions of the HHs, four indices have been developed namely Housing Index, Physical Capital Index and Asset Index. The level of development of the districts has been categorized on the basis of Composite Index value. The results show that there is a wide disparity in terms of conditions of living in different districts of Bundelkhand region. The results also shows that northern part of Bundelkhand region is more developed as compared to southern part. From the result, it was recorded that the districts belonging in Madhya Pradesh having better condition of living in comparison to Uttar Pradesh in Bundelkhand region. The research study suggests that authorities should focus on the proper implementation of the existing policies and more effective planning and policies should be implemented to enhance the better living conditions of the households in Bundelkhand region.

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Hydrogeochemical characteristics and its role in controlling arsenic mobilization in a shallow aquifer     

Das  Ayan  Mandal  Abhijit 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(6):912-925

The relevance of groundwater hydrogeochemistry to explain the occurrence and distribution of arsenic in groundwater is of great interest. The insightful discussions on the control of shallow groundwater (< 50 m) hydrogeochemistry in arsenic mobilization are known to be a viable tool to explain the arsenic menace in shallow groundwater. The present investigation emphasizes the hydrogeochemical driver and/or control over the reductive dissolution of Fe-bearing host minerals and thereby releasing arsenic into the shallow groundwater of the study area. The study suggests that hydrogeochemical evolution is mainly governed by carbonate minerals dissolution, silicate weathering, and competitive ion-exchange processes in the shallow aquifers (< 50 m). The present study also indicates the prevalence of carbonate minerals dissolution over silicate weathering. The emergence of Cl⁻ concentration in the shallow groundwater founds the possibilities of anthropogenic inputs into the shallow aquifers (< 50 m). The reducing environment in shallow aquifers (< 50 m) of the study area is evident in the reductive dissolution of Fe- bearing shallow aquifer minerals which absorb arsenic in the solid phase and mobilize arsenic onto shallow groundwater. The study opted for many statistical approaches to delineate the correlation among major and minor ionic constituents of the groundwater which are very helpful to understand the comprehensive mechanism of arsenic mobilization into shallow groundwater.

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Effects of bedrock anisotropy on hillslope failure in the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya: an insight from physical and numerical models     

Sujit Roy  Amiya Baruah  Santanu Misra  Nibir Mandal 《Landslides》2015,12(5):927-941

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A macro-scale flood risk model for Jamaica with impact of climate variability     

Christopher P. Burgess  Michael A. Taylor  Tannecia Stephenson  Arpita Mandal  Leiska Powell 《Natural Hazards》2015,78(1):231-256

Floods account for more than half of the global hydrometeorological risks. Severe floods cause significant economic shocks and loss of lives, particularly for developing countries such as Jamaica. There is need for more information on the present and projected flood risks to justify macro-scale planning for climate change adaptation and facilitate the decision-making processes. In this study, a catalogue of 198 flood events occurring between 1678 and 2010 is compiled for Jamaica and used to examine the climatology, occurrence, trends, causes and duration of the island’s severe events. The annual flood risk is estimated to be a loss of life rate of 4 persons and estimated annual damage of USD96.3 million per annum in 2010 values and approximately 0.84 % of GDP per annum. Macro-scale models for flood risks (deaths and damages) are also developed using data from the flood catalogue and maximum precipitation at the town and parish level. The models examine the relationship between flood risks (death and damages) and extreme rainfall depths and intensities. Future climate risks of loss of lives and damages are predicted to increase 11 and 9 %, respectively, to 4.4 persons and USD105.2 million per annum.  相似文献   

An early warning system for inundation forecast due to a tropical cyclone along the east coast of India     

Mandal  Anup Kumar  Ramakrishnan  Ratheesh  Pandey  Smita  Rao  A. D.  Kumar  Prashant 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2277-2293

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Characteristics of eigen-system for flexural gravity wave problems     

S. Mandal  A. Chakrabarti 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2017,111(4):249-281

For a class of boundary value problems associated with flexural gravity waves, characteristics of the eigen-system are analysed which are used to study the convergence of the expansion formulae in both cases of single and two layer fluids in water of finite and infinite depths. Using Green’s function technique, the spectral representations of the vertical eigenfunctions are obtained which are used along with the orthogonal mode-coupling relations to prove the convergence of the expansion formulae. Using the expansion formulae flexural gravity wave scattering due to multiple articulations in the presence of compression are investigated. The problem is studied in both the cases of single-layer and two-layer fluids in finite water depth. Effects of compressive force, stiffness of the connectors, length of the elastic plates and water depth, position of interface on wave scattering by articulated plates are studied by analysing the reflection and transmission coefficients. This procedure of proving the convergence of expansion formulae is independent of water depth. The concept and methodology for dealing with wave-structure interaction problems discussed here can be generalised to deal with problems of similar nature arising in the broad area of mathematical physics and engineering.  相似文献   

Effect of surface wave propagation in a four-layered oceanic crust model     

Pasupati Paul  Santimoy Kundu  Dinbandhu Mandal 《Acta Geophysica》2017,65(6):1119-1131

Dispersion of Rayleigh type surface wave propagation has been discussed in four-layered oceanic crust. It includes a sandy layer over a crystalline elastic half-space and over it there are two more layers—on the top inhomogeneous liquid layer and under it a liquid-saturated porous layer. Frequency equation is obtained in the form of determinant. The effects of the width of different layers as well as the inhomogeneity of liquid layer, sandiness of sandy layer on surface waves are depicted and shown graphically by considering all possible case of the particular model. Some special cases have been deduced, few special cases give the dispersion equation of Scholte wave and Stoneley wave, some of which have already been discussed elsewhere.  相似文献   

Role of initial error growth in the extended range prediction skill of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)     

Lekshmi  S  Chattopadhyay  Rajib  Kaur  Manpreet  Joseph  Susmitha  Phani  R.  Dey  A.  Mandal  R.  Sahai  A. K. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):205-215

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In the seamless forecast paradigm, it is hypothesized that the reduction in initial error in the dynamical model forecast would help to reduce forecast error...  相似文献   

Seasonal characteristics and sources of carbonaceous components and elements of PM10 (2010–2019) in Delhi,India     

Sharma  Sudhir Kumar  Banoo  Rubiya  Mandal  Tuhin Kumar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2021,78(4):251-270

In this study we present the seasonal chemical characteristics and potential sources of PM₁₀ at an urban location of Delhi, India during 2010?2019. The concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, F, Cl, Br, P, S, K, As, Na, Mg, Ca, B, Ni, Mo, V, Sr, Zr and Rb) in PM₁₀ were estimated to explore their possible sources. The annual average concentration (2010–2019) of PM₁₀ was computed as 227?±?97 µg m^?3 with a range of 34?734 µg m^?3. The total carbonaceous aerosols in PM₁₀ was accounted for 22.5% of PM₁₀ mass concentration, whereas elements contribution to PM₁₀ was estimated to be 17% of PM₁₀. The statistical analysis of OC vs. EC and OC vs. WSOC of PM₁₀ reveals their common sources (biomass burning and/or fossil fuel combustion) during all the seasons. Enrichment factors (EFs) of the elements and the relationship of Al with other crustal metals (Fe, Ca, Mg and Ti) of PM₁₀ indicates the abundance of mineral dust over Delhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted the five major sources [industrial emission (IE), biomass burning?+?fossil fuel combustion (BB?+?FFC), soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE) and sodium and magnesium salts (SMS)] of PM₁₀ in Delhi, India. Back trajectory and cluster analysis of airmass parcel indicate that the pollutants approaching to Delhi are mainly from Pakistan, IGP region, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in Delhi,India     

Sharma  Sudhir Kumar  Karapurkar  Supriya G.  Shenoy  Damodar M.  Mandal  Tuhin Kumar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2022,79(1):67-79

This study presents the chemical composition (carbonaceous and nitrogenous components) of aerosols (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) along with stable isotopic composition (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) collected during winter and the summer months of 2015–16 to explore the possible sources of aerosols in megacity Delhi, India. The mean concentrations (mean?±?standard deviation at 1σ) of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 223?±?69 µg m^?3 and 328?±?65 µg m^?3, respectively during winter season whereas the mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 147?±?22 µg m^?3 and 236?±?61 µg m^?3, respectively during summer season. The mean value of δ¹³C (range: ??26.4 to ??23.4‰) and δ¹⁵N (range: 3.3 to 14.4‰) of PM_2.5 were ??25.3?±?0.5‰ and 8.9?±?2.1‰, respectively during winter season whereas the mean value of δ¹³C (range: ??26.7 to ??25.3‰) and δ¹⁵N (range: 2.8 to 11.5‰) of PM_2.5 were ??26.1?±?0.4‰ and 6.4?±?2.5‰, respectively during the summer season. Comparison of stable C and N isotopic fingerprints of major identical sources suggested that major portion of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at Delhi were mainly from fossil fuel combustion (FFC), biomass burning (BB) (C-3 and C-4 type vegitation), secondary aerosols (SAs) and road dust (SD). The correlation analysis of δ¹³C with other C (OC, TC, OC/EC and OC/WSOC) components and δ¹⁵N with other N components (TN, NH₄⁺ and NO₃^?) are also support the source identification of isotopic signatures.

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