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1.
Eleven surface soil samples from calcareous soils of industrial areas in Hamadan Province, western Iran were analyzed for
total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb and were sequentially extracted into six fractions to determine the bioavailability
of various heavy metal forms. Total Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb concentrations of the contaminated soils were 658 (57–5,803), 125.8
(1.18–1,361), 45.6 (30.7–64.4), 29.7 (11.7–83.5) and 2,419 (66–24,850) mg kg−1, respectively. The soils were polluted with Zn, Pb, and Cu to some extent and heavily polluted with Cd. Nickel values were
not above regulatory limits. Copper existed in soil mainly in residual (RES) and organic (OM) fractions (about 42 and 33%,
respectively), whereas Zn occurred essentially as RES fraction (about 69%). The considerable presence of Cd (30.8%) and Pb
(39%) in the CARB fraction suggests these elements have high potential biavailability and leachability in soils from contaminated
soils. The mobile and bioavailable (EXCH and CARB) fractions of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soils averaged (7.3,
40.4, 16, 12.9 and 40.8%), respectively, which suggests that the mobility and bioavailability of the five metals probably
decline in the following order: Cd = Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn. 相似文献
2.
Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of mountainous region, Alvand, Hamadan, Iran 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Mohsen Jalali 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):433-446
Eighty-seven groundwater samples have been collected from a mountainous region (Alvand, Iran) for hydrochemical investigations to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. Most water quality parameters are within World Health Organization acceptable limits set for drinking water. The least mineralized water is found closest to the main recharge zones and the salinity of water increased towards the north of the basin. The most prevalent water type is Ca–HCO3 followed by water types Ca–NO3, Ca–Cl, Ca–SO4 and Mg–HCO3. The Ca–NO3 water type is associated with high nitrate pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities were associated with elevated level of NO3−. Mineral dissolution/weathering of evaporites dominates the major element hydrochemistry of the area. Chemical properties of groundwater in Alvand region are controlled both by natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
3.
S. M. Fatemi Aghda K. Ganjalipour M. Esmaeil Zadeh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(5):1487-1512
According to the International Society of Rock Mechanics, squeezing is a time dependent large deformation occurring during tunnel construction around the tunnel associated with creep caused by exceeding a limiting shear stress (Barla in ISRM News J 2:44–49, 1995). This research is conducted using a case study on the Nowsoud Tunnel, Iran. Being 14 km in length and 4.5 m in diameter, the tunnel is located in the western part of Iran near the Iraq border. Nowsoud tunnel, which was excavated using a double shield TBM, exhibited severe squeezing (with 8919 m) in its critical zone which resulted in excavation termination. In this research, the best approach for predicting squeezing among the recommended methods for reducing the damages caused by squeezing on TBM was determined. In this regard, approaches commonly used to predict squeezing are empirical, semi-empirical, and theoretical–analytical methods. Besides, these methods, numerical modeling is used to estimate convergence generated along the tunnel pathways, which is ultimately used to categorize squeezing. This paper compares squeezing prediction methods in 68 section of Nowsoud Tunnel. These 68 sections indicate that the empirical methods propose a general estimation/overview of squeezing. Among the semi-analytical approaches, the one proposed by Hoek and Marinos (Rock engineering in difficult rock conditions—soft rocks and karst, Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 49–60, 2000) are compatible with the occurrence of squeezing in the critical zone. However, the degree of predicted squeezing is less than the real degree of squeezing in this zone. Based on the result of Aydan approach, 75 % of the tunnel sections are under squeezing condition. Theoretical–analytical approaches underestimate the possibility of squeezing in the critical zone. Barla?s approach (1995) demonstrated the possibility of squeezing in the critical zone with low intensity. The numerical computations in this paper were performed using Plaxis (version 8.5), a two-dimensional numerical program based on the finite element method. Plaxis results, classified by Hoek and Marinos (2000) method, show that 8800 m of the tunnel length is under the non-squeezing condition. According to all prediction methods, the squeezing zones depend on faulted zones, argillaceous limestone and shale formations such as J1Kh, J4Kh, J5Kh, and Kgr. These formations were identified with a high quantity of shale and argillaceous limestone. Bedding of these geological formations is thin and their geotechnical properties are weaker than those of limestone formations. On the other hand, non-squeezing zones depend on limestone formations such as J2Kh, J3Kh, J6Kh, Kabg, and Kbg. Moreover, all approaches predicted squeezing potential for the critical zone where TBM is jammed. 相似文献
4.
M. M. Jalali 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(6):375-401
ABSTRACTHerein we study the general interaction of two vortex patches in a single-layer quasi-geostrophic shallow-water flow. Steadily-rotating equilibrium states are found over a wide parameter space spanning the Rossby deformation length, vortex area ratio, potential vorticity ratio, and gap between their innermost edges. A linear stability analysis is then used to identify the critical gap separating stable and unstable solutions, over the entire range of area and potential vorticity ratios, and for selected values of the Rossby deformation length. A representative set of marginally unstable equilibrium states are then slightly perturbed and evolved by an accurate contour dynamics numerical algorithm to understand the long-term fate of the instabilities. Not all instabilities lead to vortex merger; many in fact are characterised by weak filamentation and a small adjustment of the vortex shapes, without merger. Stronger instabilities lead to material being torn from one vortex and either wrapped around the other or reduced to ever thinning filamentary debris. A portion of the vortex may survive, or it may be completely strained out by the other. 相似文献
5.
6.
ABSTRACTIn this work, the accuracy of four gridded precipitation datasets – Climatic Research Unit (CRU), Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), PERSIANN-Climate Data Record (PCDR) and University of Delaware (UDEL) – is evaluated across Iran to find an alternative source of precipitation data. Monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation data from 85 synoptic stations for the period 1984–2013 were used as the basis for the evaluations. Our results indicate that all datasets underestimate and overestimate precipitation in stations with annual precipitation greater than 600 and less than 100 mm, respectively. However, all datasets correctly recognize regimes of precipitation, but with a bias in amount of precipitation. Our spatio-temporal assessments show that GPCC is the most suitable dataset to be used over Iran. Both UDEL and CRU can be considered as the second and third most suitable datasets, while PCDR showed the weakest performance among the studied datasets. 相似文献
7.
Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural Use in Nahavand,Western Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohsen Jalali 《Natural Resources Research》2011,20(1):65-73
Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in Nahavand city. However, the groundwater quality at the agricultural areas
has been deteriorating in recent years. Ground water quality monitoring is a tool which provides important information for
water management and sustainable development of the water resources in Nahavand. Hydrochemical investigations were carried
out in an agricultural area in Nahavand, western Iran, to assess chemical composition of groundwater. In this study, 64 representative
groundwater samples were collected from different irrigation wells and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions,
and nitrate. The results of the chemical analysis of the groundwater showed that concentrations of ions vary widely and the
most prevalent water type is Ca–Mg–HCO3, followed by other water types: Ca–HCO3, Ca–Na–HCO3, and Na–Cl, which is in relation with their interactions with the geological formations of the basin, dissolution of feldspars
and chloride and bicarbonate minerals, and anthropogenic activities. Thirty-seven percent of the water samples showed nitrate
(NO3
−) concentrations above the human affected value (13 mg L−1). The phosphorous (P) concentration in groundwater was between 0.11 and 0.90 mg L−1, with an average value of 0.30 mg L−1, with all of the samples over 0.05 mg L−1. The most dominant class C2-S1 (76.5%) was found in the studied area, indicating that sodicity is very low and salinity is
medium, and that these waters are suitable for irrigation in almost all soils. Agronomic practices, such as cultivation, cropping,
and irrigation water management may decrease the average NO3
− concentration in water draining from the soil zone. 相似文献
8.
Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Toyserkan,western Iran 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Mohsen Jalali 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):907-913
A total of 95 groundwater samples were collected from Toyserkan, western Iran to assess the chemical composition and nitrate
(NO3
−) status of groundwater. The most prevalent water type is Ca–HCO3 followed by water types Ca–Mg–HCO3. In comparison with the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guideline of 50 mg l−1 for NO3
−, a total of nine wells (9.5%) showed higher concentrations. In 36% of samples (34) NO3
− concentration was low (<20 mg l−1), and in 53.7% of samples (51), in the range of 20–50 mg l−1. The samples were classified into four groups based on NO3
− and chloride (Cl−) concentrations. Of the samples, 40% were classified as group 4 and were relatively high in Cl− and NO3
− (Cl− > 47 mg l−1, NO3
− > 27 mg l−1). The high correlation between NO3
− and Cl− (r = 0.86, p < 0.01) is consistent with a manure source, resulting from the practice of adding salt to animal feed. Pollution of groundwaters
appeared to be affected by the application of inorganic fertilizer at greater than agronomic rates, Cl-salt inputs, and irrigation
practice. 相似文献
9.
When potassium (K+) fertilizers are applied to soil, K+ is subject to displacement through the soil profile. More generally, the application of K+ fertilizers to sandy soils with low clay content and small buffer capacity, in which K+ does not interact strongly with the soil matrix, results in localized increases in K+ concentration in the soil solution. Losses of K+ depend on the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) as a competing ion in the leaching water and the amount of water that passes through the soil. In this study, we examined the adsorption and movement of applied K+ in columns of sandy soil. Glass tubes, 4.8 cm in diameter and 40 cm in length, were packed with either native soil or Ca2+-saturated soil. The resulting 10-cm-long column of soil had a bulk density of 1.65 g cm−3. Native soil was leached with distilled water and CaCl2 solutions of various concentrations. In the Ca2+-saturated soil, a pulse of K+ was leached with CaCl2 solutions of various concentrations or distilled water. Increasing the CaCl2 concentration from 3 to 15 mm resulted in earlier breakthrough, a higher peak concentration of K+, and greater amounts of leached K+. The breakthrough curve for K+, when leached with distilled water, showed very low concentrations and was more delayed than the other treatments. In Ca2+-saturated soil, the amount of K+ leached increased as Ca2+ concentration increased, with up to 54% of the added pulse K+ being removed from 10 pore volumes (Pv) (387 mm) of 15 mm CaCl2. The presence of Ca2+ in irrigation water and soil minerals able to release Ca2+ is important in determining the amount of K+ leached from soils. Large amounts of K+ are leached from soils in areas where crops are irrigated with water that contains significant concentrations of Ca2+ and other cations. 相似文献
10.
M. A. Jalali B. Mehri S. H. Pourtakdoust 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1995,63(3-4):271-287
Existence of periodic orbits inside elliptical galaxies has been investigated. Necessary conditions for regular, small amplitude periodic motion around the center of galaxy have been derived using implicit functions and solved by approximating through Taylor's series. The solution procedure requires to obtain functions of partial derivatives of dependent variables with respect to initial conditions. Derivation of these functions can be accomplished through solving a set of ordinary differential equations by proper choices of associated initial conditions. The results obtained show complete agreement with those obtained through the application of Poincaré-Lindstedt's method. 相似文献