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The Wadi Hafafit Complex (WHC) is an arcuate belt of orthogneisses, migmatites and other high-grade metamorphic rocks, which marks the boundary between the Central Eastern and the South Eastern Deserts of Egypt. In the WHC, gneissic meta-gabbro outlines macroscopic fold interference patterns characterized by elliptical to irregular culminations cored by gneissic meta-tonalite to meta-trondhjemite. The five main culminations of the WHC have previously been labeled A (most northerly), B, C, D and E (most southerly). A detailed structural investigation of B, C, D and E reveals that these structures are a result of the interference of four macroscopic fold phases, the first three of which may represent a single deformation event. The first folding involved sheath-like fold nappes, which were transported to the N or NW, assisted by translation on gently dipping mylonite zones. The regional gneissosity and mineral extension lineations formed during this folding event. The fold nappes were deformed by mainly open upright small macroscopic and mesocopic folds with approximately NE-trending hinges. As a probable continuation of the latter folding, the sheaths were buckled into large macroscopic folds and monoclines with the same NE-trends. The fourth macroscopic folding resulted from shortening along the NE–SW direction, producing mainly NW–SE-trending upright gently plunging folds. Gravitative uplift is disputed as a component of the deformation history of the WHC. The peculiarities of the fold interference pattern result from the interesting behaviour of sheath folds during their refolding. 相似文献
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Estimating tropical biomass is critical for establishment of conservation inventories and landscape monitoring. However, monitoring biomass in a complex and dynamic environment using traditional methods is challenging. Recently, biomass estimates based on remotely sensed data and ecological variables have shown great potential. The present study explored the utility of remotely sensed data and topo-edaphic factors to improve biomass estimation in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Twenty-nine vegetation indices were calculated from RapidEye data, while topo-edaphic factors were taken from field measurements. Results showed that using topo-edaphic variables or vegetation indices, biomass could be predicted with an R2 of 0.4. A combination of topo-edaphic variables and vegetation indices improved the prediction accuracy to an R2 of 0.6. Results further showed a decrease in biomass estimates from 1162 ton ha?1 in 1980 to 285.38 ton ha?1 in 2012. This study demonstrates the value of combining remotely sensed data with topo-edaphic variables in biomass estimation. 相似文献
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In this paper, some statistical distributions of wide pairs included in the Washington Double Star Catalog are investigated. Frequency distributions and testing hypothesis are derived for some basic parameters of visual binaries. It was found that the magnitude difference is distributed exponentially, which means that the majority of the components of the selected systems are of the same spectral type. The distribution of mass ratios is concentrated at about 0.7 which agrees with Salpeter mass function. The distribution of the linear separation appears to be exponential which contradicts previous studies for close binaries. 相似文献
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Seismicity of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kamal Abdel-Rahman Abdullah M. S. Al-Amri Enayat Abdel-Moneim 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2009,2(2):103-118
The Sinai Peninsula has a triangular shape between the African and Arabian Plates and is bounded from the western and eastern borders by the Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba–Dead Sea rift systems, respectively. It is affected by strong and destructive earthquakes (e.g., March 31, 1969 and November 22, 1995) and moderate earthquakes (m b?>?5) throughout its history. After the installation of the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN), a great number of earthquakes has been recorded within and around Sinai. Consequently, the seismogenic source zones and seismotectonic behavior can be clearly identified. Available data, including both historical and instrumental (1900–1997), have been collected from national and international data centers. While the data from 1998 till December 2007 are gathered from ENSN bulletins. The seismogenic source zones that might affect Sinai Peninsula are defined more precisely in this work depending on the distribution of earthquakes, seismicity rate (a value), b value, and fault plane solution of the major earthquakes. In addition, the type of faults prevailed and characterized these zones. It is concluded that the Gulf of Aqaba zone–Dead Sea transform zone, Gulf of Suez rift zone, Cairo–Suez District zone, and Eastern Mediterranean dislocation zone represent the major effective zones for Sinai. Furthermore, there are two local seismic zones passing through Sinai contributing to the earthquake activities of Sinai, these are the Negev shear zone and Central Sinai fault (Themed fault) zone. The source parameters, a and b values, and the maximum expected moment magnitude have been determined for each of these zones. These results will contribute to a great extent in the seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation studies for Sinai Peninsula to protect the developmental projects. 相似文献
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Bester Tawona Mudereri Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman Timothy Dube Tobias Landmann Zeyaur Khan Emily Kimathi 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(4):553-571
ABSTRACTMonitoring of destructive invasive weeds such as those from the genus Striga requires accurate, near real-time predictions and integrated assessment techniques to enable better surveillance and consistent assessment initiatives. Thus, in this study, we predicted the potential ecological niche of Striga (Striga asiatica) weed in Zimbabwe, to identify and understand its propagation and map potentially vulnerable cropping areas. Vegetation phenology from remote sensing, bioclimatic and other environmental variables (i.e. cropping system, edaphic, land surface temperature, and terrain) were used as predictors. Six machine learning modeling techniques and the ensemble model were evaluated on their suitability to predict current and future Striga weed distributional patterns. The mentioned predictors (n = 40) were integrated into six models with “presence-only” training and evaluation data, collected in Zimbabwe over the period between the 12th and 28th of March 2018. The area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) were used to measure the performance of the Striga modeling framework. The results showed that the ensemble model had the strongest Striga occurrence predictive power (AUC = 0.98; TSS = 0.93) when compared to the other modeling algorithms. Temperature seasonality (Bio4), the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were determined to be the most dominant bioclimatic variables influencing Striga occurrence. “Start of the season” and “season minimum value” of the “Enhanced Vegetation Index base value” were the most relevant remote sensing-based variables. Based on projected climate change scenarios, the study showed that up to 2050, the suitable area for Striga propagation will increase by ~ 0.73% in Zimbabwe. The present work demonstrated the importance of integrating multi-source data in predicting possible crop production restraints due to weed propagation. The results can enhance national preparedness and management strategies, specifically, if the current and future risk areas can be identified for early intervention and containment 相似文献
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新一代天气雷达资料在2003年淮河流域暴雨模拟中的初步应用:模拟降水和风场的对比 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用时间尺度密集的长沙、常德、合肥、南昌、南京、武汉和宜昌共7个站的新一代天气雷达（CINRAD-SA雷达）观测反演资料、TBB资料、常规的探空和地面观测资料、NCEP分析资料，与中尺度MM5模式相结合，以NCEP格点资料作为大尺度背静场，加入12 h间隔的探空、3 h间隔的常规地面观测资料及1 h间隔的雷达反演风廓线资料，进行全程四维同化模拟，考察中尺度数值模式MM5对2003年梅雨期间发生在湖南、安徽和江苏的暴雨过程（7月8～9日）的模拟能力。分析表明:除了模拟降水与实况接近以外（雨量和雨区），MM5模式输出的风廓线和从雷达观测反演得到的风廓线结果有很好的相似性，加入雷达反演风廓线资料后对模拟结果有一定改进，为进一步利用模式输出结果研究造成2003年江淮流域暴雨洪涝的中尺度对流系统的结构和机理提供了可能。 相似文献
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The present study assesses the uncertainty of flow and radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain using a Monte Carlo method. Matrix permeability, porosity, and sorption coefficient are considered random. Different from previous studies that assume distributions of the parameters, the distributions are determined in this study by applying comprehensive transformations and rigorous statistics to on-site measurements of the parameters. The distribution of permeability is further adjusted based on model calibration results. Correlation between matrix permeability and porosity is incorporated using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. After conducting 200 Monte Carlo simulations of three-dimensional unsaturated flow and radionuclide transport for conservative and reactive tracers, the mean, variances, and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles for quantities of interest (e.g., matrix liquid saturation and water potential) are evaluated. The mean and 50th percentile are used as the mean predictions, and their associated predictive uncertainties are measured by the variances and the 5th and 95th percentiles (also known as uncertainty bounds). The mean predictions of matrix liquid saturation and water potential are in reasonable agreement with corresponding measurements. The uncertainty bounds include a large portion of the measurements, suggesting that the data variability can be partially explained by parameter uncertainty. The study illustrates propagation of predictive uncertainty of percolation flux, increasing downward from repository horizon to water table. Statistics from the breakthrough curves indicate that transport of the reactive tracer is delayed significantly by the sorption process, and prediction on the reactive tracer is of greater uncertainty than on the conservative tracer because randomness in the sorption coefficient increases the prediction uncertainty. Uncertainty in radionuclide transport is related to uncertainty in the percolation flux, suggesting that reducing the former entails reduction in the latter. 相似文献
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近年来我国暴雨中尺度动力分析研究进展 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
总结了近十年以来中国气象科研人员在暴雨中尺度动力分析研究领域的主要研究成果，从大尺度环流背景与中小尺度系统的相互作用、高低空急流、低涡、位涡与对流涡度矢量、螺旋度、不稳定等方面对它们进行了分类概括。对暴雨中尺度动力分析研究的回顾表明，以往常用的数值模拟、能量转换收支分析、涡度、散度、涡度收支、涡度平流、温度平流、各种不稳定指数等的诊断仍然是暴雨中尺度动力分析的主要手段，但是，近年来，除了位涡、螺旋度等动力变量在暴雨中尺度动力分析中的广泛应用以外，一些新的物理量，如非均匀饱和广义湿位涡、对流涡度矢量以及有限区域风场分解方法在暴雨中尺度动力分析中也得到了更多的应用。 相似文献
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