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1.
苏北浅滩沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过在2017年秋冬季组织实施的2个绿潮种源调查航次,研究苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性。对沉积物中的微观繁殖体的定量实验结果表明:表层泥样中绿藻微观繁殖体的丰度最高,随着深度的增加迅速降低。在9月份表层沉积物中丰度为9±2ind./g,而在11月份表层丰度达到98±25ind./g;与9月份相比, 11月份浅滩沉积物中绿藻繁殖体数量呈现出显著升高的趋势。通过对51个绿藻样品的分子鉴定发现:沉积物中存在石莼属(Ulva)、尾孢藻属(Urospora)、盘苔属(Blidingia)等大型绿藻的微观繁殖体;数量占优是石莼属繁殖体,主要包括曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)、浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza);其中曲浒苔占据的比例最高,在9和11月份分别达到80.94%和73.33%。在2个调查航次中,都从沉积物中发现了绿潮浒苔的微观繁殖体,这些微观繁殖体是绿潮浒苔在苏北浅滩种源维持的重要方式和关键阶段,也构成了黄海浒苔绿潮连年暴发的"种子库"。 相似文献
2.
苏北浅滩养殖筏架附生绿藻入海过程在黄海绿潮形成中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究采用现场定量观测为主的研究方法,在2017年5月期间对苏北浅滩竹根沙收紫菜养殖筏架作业过程进行跟踪调查;对养殖筏架绠绳附生绿藻自然脱落和收筏架作业过程人为刮落附生绿藻,以及收筏架作业前后入海的漂浮绿藻生物量进行定量观测。结果表明:筏架绳附生绿藻自然脱落率低,为3.58%±0.78%;收筏架作业过程中绠绳上刮落绿藻生物量为(12±3)kg湿重/根,由此估算2017年整个苏北浅滩刮落的生物量估算可达到万吨湿重;收筏架作业后海域漂浮绿藻生物量是作业前的7.6倍。研究结果进一步明确了收筏架作业过程中人为刮落绿藻是目前筏架附生绿藻最主要的入海方式。刮落绿藻是海水中漂浮绿藻的主要来源,其生物量对南黄海绿潮的规模大小有重要的影响。研究结果为绿潮防控措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
Pigment characterization for the 2011 bloom in Qinhuangdao implicated "brown tide" events in China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A large-scale bloom occurred from May to June in 2011 in sea area near Qinhuangdao of the Bohai Sea, leading to huge damage of the scallop culture industry. Similar blooms have been observed in this region for three years. The causative species of the bloom, which dominated the phytoplankton community with the maximum cell density around 109 cell/L, could not be identified with morphological features due to the small cell size (~2 mm). A pigment analytical method was then adopted to analyze the pigment profile of the phytoplankton samples collected from the blooming sea area. It was found that pico-sized (<2 mm), nano-sized (2-20 mm), and bulk phytoplankton samples had similar pigment profile, representing the pigment signature of the bloom-causative species. The major pigments detected included 19-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco), fucoxanthin (Fuco), diadinoxanthin (Diad) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), and high content of But-fuco was the most significant characteristics of the phytoplankton samples. Based on the pigment composition and content, the bloom-causative species could be tentatively identified as pelagophyte, "type 8" group of haptophyte, or silicoflagellate. Some unique features of the bloom, such as the extremely high cell density, small-sized and But-fuco containing cells, occurring in early summer, and the feeding-cessation effects on scallops, suggest it be a "brown tide" event similar to those reported in the east coast of the United States of America. The recurrent "brown tide" events and their dramatic impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry in Qinhuangdao need close attention in the coming years. 相似文献
4.
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is often associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). This species consists of many strains that differ in their ability to produce toxins but have similar morphology, making identification difficult. In this study, species-specific rRNA probes were designed for whole-cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to distinguish A. minutum from two phylogenetic clades. We acquired the complete SSU to LSU rDNA sequences (GenBank accession numbers JF906989-JF906999) of 11 Alexandrium strains and used these to design rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Three ribotype-specific probes, M-GC-1, M-PC-2, and M-PC-3, were designed. The former is specific for the GC clade ("Global clade") of A. minutum, the majority of which have been found non-toxic, and the latter two are specific for the PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning)-producing PC clade ("Pacific clade"). The specificity of these three probes was confirmed by FISH. All cells in observed fields of view were fluorescently labeled when probes and target species were incubated under optimized FISH conditions. However, the accessibility of rRNA molecules in ribosomes varied among the probe binding positions. Thus, there was variation in the distribution of positive signals in labeled cells within nucleolus and cytosol (M-GC-1, M-PC-3), or just nucleolus (M-PC-2). Our results provide a methodological basis for studying the biogeography and population dynamics of A. minutum, and providing an early warning of toxic HABs. 相似文献
5.
应用Excel 软件计算生物多样性指数 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
生物多样性指数是生物群落研究中的重要参数,广泛应用于海洋生态系统生物多样性的评价和研究。作者利用微软的电子表格软件Excel中的数组函数、条件函数及其他函数,提供了一种快速、简便、可靠的同时计算Shannon、Simpson、Berger-Parker、Margalef和Pielou均匀度指数等8种常用生物多样性指数的方法,应用开发的Excel文件——Biodixcel.xlsx,使用者只需在此文件列出的表格中一次性录入所要计算的原始数据即可在此表格中同时得到上述几个指数的计算结果,本方法为群落生物多样性的计算提供了一种简单、实用的工具。 相似文献
6.
中国沿海亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)核糖体rDNA部分序列分析及该藻属分子系统进化研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
分析了几株自南海及东海分离的亚历山大藻的rDNA部分序列信息,其中包括核糖体大亚基(LSU)rDNA的5′端D1-D2区序列,以及5.8SrDNA和ITS区序列;同时也对实验室保种的部分来自其它国家和地区的亚历山大藻相关序列进行了测序和分析,并以此作为序列分析中的参考。采用ClustalX及MEGA2软件对所得到的序列信息进行了综合分析与对比。结果表明,分离自南海的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)和分离自东海的链状亚历山大藻(A.catenella),即便是在ITS区和LSUrDNA等高变区,其序列信息也完全一致。与基因库中搜索到的其它亚历山大藻rDNA序列信息相比较,中国沿海的塔玛/链状亚历山大藻序列更接近于塔玛复合种的“亚洲温带”基因型。对于分离自南海的另外两株未定种的亚历山大藻,通过对比序列信息,发现它们与相关亚历山大藻(A.affine)非常接近。分离于我国台湾地区的微小亚历山大藻(A.minutum)在序列上与分离自新西兰的藻株相似,而与分离自欧洲的微小亚历山大藻藻株相差较大。中国沿海亚历山大藻rDNA序列信息的获得为针对有毒藻种设计特异性核酸探针,发展灵敏快速的生物检测技术奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
黄渤海海域贝类麻痹性贝毒的检测与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用小白鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱法对2002~2005年我国黄渤海海域采集的贝类样品进行了麻痹性贝毒毒性检测,结果显示大连海域的虾夷扇贝含有麻痹性贝毒,有毒样品均出现在5月和6月,部分虾夷扇贝样品的毒素含量已经超过食用安全标准。通过高效液相色谱法分析了有毒虾夷扇贝体内的毒素成分,共检出了6种麻痹性贝毒组分,主要以毒性较低的C1和C2毒素为主,GTX3和GTX2次之,STX和neoSTX含量很低。通过高效液相色谱法分析得到的各毒素组分毒性总和与小白鼠生物测试法毒性测试结果基本相当。 相似文献
8.
Previous studies found intraspecific diversity in Scrippsiella trochoidea A. R. Loeblich III, a widely distributed calcareous cyst-producing dinoflagellate. In this study, three strains (ST-1, ST-D6 and ST-K) of S. trochoidea isolated from the East Asian waters were studied, together with other geographical strains, to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. For the three East Asian isolates, two highly diverse regions of nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the 5.8S rDNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, and the 5' portion of the large-subunit rDNA (encompassing the "D1" and "D2" domains) were sequenced. Homologous sequences from other geographical isolates were selected from the GenBank database and the phylogenetic relationships were inferred from the molecular data of these strains. Strains of S. trochoidea were found to cluster into three major clades (STR1, STR2 and STR3), as reported in previous studies. Two of the three strains ST-1 and ST-K, were grouped in clade STR2, the other strain, ST-D6, belonged to clade STR3. The intraspecific diversity of S. trochoidea in East Asian waters makes it necessary to carry out phylogenetic investigations in combination with data of biogeography, population dynamics, and life cycle on the ecophysiology of a region. 相似文献
9.
于2017年4月至6月，沿南黄海35°N断面出现了罕见的绿潮、金潮和赤潮等有害藻华共发现象。本研究通过现场定时定速拖网等方法，对黄海35°N断面不同站位的大型漂浮藻类进行了定量观测，并对赤潮区浮游植物进行了显微镜观察。结果表明：沿35°N断面的漂浮绿藻和马尾藻生物量具有明显的时空变化特征，4月下旬漂浮绿藻和马尾藻开始零星出现，5月下旬生物量和分布范围明显增加，在6月上旬达到最大，随后在6月下旬降低。漂浮绿藻和马尾藻的分布区域存在差异，120°30''—122°30''E为两者共同分布海域，向西以漂浮绿藻为主，向东则以马尾藻为主。分别于5月下旬和6月下旬在黄海35°N断面发现了1次米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）赤潮和1次赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigma akashiwo）赤潮。基于现场获取的水文数据，本文对南黄海海域的环境条件及其对有害藻华分布的影响进行了讨论。沿35°N断面共发的绿潮、金潮和赤潮现象表明黄海海域正面临严峻的海洋生态问题，通过对该海域赤潮、金潮和绿潮的长期观测，可望揭示这些藻华灾害形成机制和演变规律，为针对性地开展有害藻华预报、预警和防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
北黄海海域虾夷扇贝体内脂溶性藻毒素分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
海洋中有毒藻类产生的藻毒素能够经由食物链在滤食性贝类体内累积,危及人类健康。高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)可以对多类脂溶性藻毒素进行同步分析,是贝类中脂溶性藻毒素检测的首选方法。本文应用液-质联用方法,对北黄海虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)中的脂溶性毒素进行了分析。虾夷扇贝样品于2011年采自北黄海海域,并解剖为闭壳肌、外套膜、内脏团和性腺四部分。在虾夷扇贝中共检测到大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(Dinophysis toxin 1,DTX1)、扇贝毒素-2(Pectenotoxin 2,PTX2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(Yessotoxin,YTX)四种脂溶性毒素成分。在扇贝各组织中,内脏团毒素含量最高(OA:1.97—2.99μg/kg;DTX1:4.97—77.29μg/kg;PTX2:1.12—50.08μg/kg;YTX:825—6680μg/kg),其次是性腺和外套膜,闭壳肌中毒素含量最低。各组织之间的毒素组成情况没有明显差异,均以YTX含量最高,占脂溶性藻毒素总含量的90%以上。除YTX外,扇贝体内还存在一定量的OA、DTX1和PTX2毒素,虾夷扇贝中检出PTX2在我国系首次报道。北黄海海水样品中存在较高密度的渐尖鳍藻(Dinophysis acuminata)和倒卵形鳍藻(D.fortii),可能是虾夷扇贝体内OA,DTX1和PTX2的潜在来源。为防范虾夷扇贝中藻毒素造成危害,应进一步强化对北黄海海域贝类中藻毒素及海水中有毒藻类的监测。 相似文献