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Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments: sea cucumber monoculture (Mc), sea cucumber and scallop polyculture (Ps-c) and scallop monoculture (Ms). Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter (TPM) was 72.2 g/(m2 d) in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/(m2 d), which was markedly higher than that of Mc (mean value). Sedimentation rates of organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods (summer and winter). The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield. 相似文献
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Three color variants of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus are recognized,the red one is highly valued in the market. When the red variant is cultured in ponds in China,its body color changes from red to celadon in 3–6 months. The effects of water depth and substrate color on the growth and body color of this animal were investigated. Juveniles of red A. japonicus were cultured in cages suspended at a range of water depths(20,50,100,150 and 200 cm). The specific growth rate of red sea cucumbers was significantly higher in animals cultured at deeper water layers compared with those grown at shallowers. Body weights were greatest for sea cucumbers cultured at a depth of 150 cm and their survival rates were highest at a depth of 200 cm. A scale to evaluate the color of red sea cucumbers(R value) was developed using a Pantone standard color card. All stocked animals in the 9-month trial retained a red color,however the red body color was much more intense in sea cucumbers cultured at shallower depths,while animals suspended in deeper layers became pale. In a separate trial,A. japonicus were cultured in suspended cages with seven different colored substrates. Substrate color had a significant effect on the growth and body-color of red A. japonicus. The yield were greatest for A. japonicus cultured on a yellow substrate,followed by green white orange red black and blue. All sea cucumbers in the 7-month trial retained a red color,although the red was most intense(highest R value) in animals cultured on a blue substrate and pale(lowest R value) for animals cultured on a green substrate. 相似文献
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Using net enclosures in an earthen pond, we established three culture treatments with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis: monoculture of sea cucumbers (C), monoculture of shrimp (S), and co-culture of the two species (CS). We measured levels of suspended particulate matter in the water column; total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in both settling particles and the sediment; and chlorophyll a levels in the sediment. We then compared these variables between the three treatments. We also examined growth, survival, and yield of the two species in the different treatments. From June to September, the mean monthly suspended particulate matter sedimentation rates in the CS and S treatments were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. From August to November, the mean monthly total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a contents in the sediment in the CS and S treatments were significantly ( P <0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. Final wet weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and total yield of sea cucumbers in co-culture were all significantly greater than those of sea cucumbers in monoculture. There were no significant differences among any of these variables for shrimp reared in the two systems. The bioturbation of the sediment and fecal production of the shrimp likely supplied natural food for the sea cucumbers. Co-culture of the two species is a viable option for increasing yield per unit area, maximizing use of the water body, and diversifying crop production. 相似文献
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荣成靖海湾海参养殖池塘初级生产力季节变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年5月~2007年11月调查了山东荣成靖海湾海参养殖池塘水体中浮游植物种类组成、生物量、叶绿素含量变化以及底泥沉积物中叶绿素和脱镁叶绿素含量的变化.结果表明,海参养殖池塘水体中浮游植物共有7门,44属,62种,主要以硅藻为主.水体中浮游植物平均生物量1号池塘为17.52×10~4 /L;2号池塘为18.30×10~4 /L.水体叶绿素含量变化范围:1号池塘为1.38～5.00 μg/L;2号池塘为0.98～5.45 μg/L.池塘沉积物中叶绿素含量变化范围:1号池塘为0.66～1.67 μg/g,2号池塘为0.56～1.34 μg/g.池塘沉积物中脱镁叶绿素含量变化范围:1号池塘为2.97～5.63 μg/g;2号池塘为2.90～6.36 μg/g.1号池塘和2号池塘的浮游植物群落结构及叶绿素含量没有显著性差异(P>0.05).叶绿素,脱镁叶绿素变化趋势较为一致.海参夏眠期间,沉积物中叶绿素及脱镁叶绿素含量最高,为海参结束夏眠进入摄食提供食物储备.研究结果表明,靖海湾海参养殖池塘浮游植物以硅藻为主,养殖池塘水体浮游植物生物量较低,多样性指数较高,增加浮游植物沉降速率,增加养殖系统初级生产力可为海参提供更多食物. 相似文献
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人工参礁在中国刺参(Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka))养殖业中被广泛应用,本文调查了2008年春、秋季刺参池塘中一种塑料人工礁表面的生物群落结构.采用沉积物捕捉器的方法调查了刺参池塘人工礁表面碳、氮、磷的循环及参礁的生态特征.结果表明,春季礁体底栖动物生物量及生物多样性高于秋季,底栖动物均集中在礁体外表面的缝隙内,4月礁体表面颗粒物,底泥沉积物总有机碳(TOC)平均含量分别为41.9 mg/g 和2.45 mg/g;总氮(TN)平均含量分别为4.1 mg/g 和0.2 mg/g.10月礁体表面颗粒物,底泥沉积物 TOC 含量分别为27.5 mg/g 和3.1 mg/g; TN 平均含量分别3.1 mg/g 和0.3 mg/g.4月 TOC, TN 沉积量分别达到711.2 mg/(m2·d)和70.7 mg/(m2·d);10月 TOC, TN 沉积量分别为804.9 mg/(m2·d)和87.3 mg/(m2·d).4月人工礁表面叶绿素/脱镁叶绿素(Chl a/Pheophytin)>1,表明礁体活体藻类较多.10月人工礁表面 Chl a/Pheophytin<1表明礁体表面降解颗粒物质较多.人工礁为刺参提供遮蔽场所,其表面生物膜为刺参提供优质食物,同时可增加池塘底面积,增强养殖系统稳定性. 相似文献
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不同类型附着基对刺参生长和氮磷收支的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用陆基网围方法,研究了石头(ST)、瓦片(EA)、塑料管(PL)、空心砖(BR)和水泥管(CP)5种类型附着基对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus以下简称刺参)生长和系统N、P收支的影响。结果表明:1.收获时刺参产量ST和BR组显著高于其它组(P<0.05),PL、CP和EA组差异不显著(P>0.05);刺参的成活率ST组最高(P<0.05),EA组最低(P<0.05),PL、CP和BR组差异不显著(P>0.05),表明附着基类型对刺参的生长和成活有明显的影响。2.换水是刺参养殖池塘N、P收支的主要途径,附着基类型对N、P各项收支比例未产生明显影响(P>0.05)。3.收获时池塘底泥N、P积累量明显降低,但不同附着基类型间差异不明显(P>0.05),仅ST组N积累显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。4.塑料管附着基具有养殖成本低、收获和清池便利的优势,建议采用塑料管作为刺参池塘养殖的附着基。 相似文献
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