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多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)与四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tridactylum)是四指马鲅属(Eleutheronema)中的名贵经济鱼类,具有良好的养殖开发前景。本文对中国沿海多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅群体的26个形态特征值进行了多变量比较分析,提取了7个主成分,累计贡献率达到91.112%,前三个主成分贡献率分别为28.759%、21.467%、15.469%。多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅形态差异主要体现在头背部、尾柄部、背腹轴及头尾轴的特征。利用4个形态学参数建立了2群体判别公式,综合判别准确率高达100%,可作为多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅物种资源的初步判定方法。另外,利用简化基因组测序开发出多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅SNP标记69207个、In Del标记12884个,丰富了四指马鲅属鱼类遗传结构研究数据。本研究为进一步开展四指马鲅数属物种资源评估与保护、选育、功能基因研究提供基础资料。 相似文献
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在异质性潮间带湿地中通过野外采样估算大型底栖动物物种丰富度，面临的挑战是统计上精确性的要求与实际采样难度之间的矛盾。为了解决这个问题，本研究通过对采样策略整个过程的三个主要部分进行优化设计（优化采样方法、确定最少采样效力、探索最佳的采样间距），以期在中国长江河口典型的潮间带湿地中获得一个优化、有效和实用的大型底栖动物采样策略。本研究选取了横断面采样方法，并根据典型栖息地类型（潮滩、潮沟、盐沼植被）进行分层优化采样，这种类型的采样也称为横断面分层抽样。最少采样效力和最佳的采样间距由两个数学方法确定：蒙特·卡洛模拟和物种累积曲线。结果表明，根据典型栖息地类型优化的横断面分层采样，在大为减少采样效力和劳动力的情况下，还能采集样地81%物种，优化效果明显。同时，还分别确定了三类栖息地的最佳采样间隔和最小采样效力：在盐沼植被中，采样效力需要超过1.8 m2，最佳采样间隔为10 m；在潮滩中，最小采样效力2 m2，最佳采样间隔为10 m；在潮沟中，采样效力为3 m2，间隔为1 m。不同栖息地类型之间最小采样效力和最佳采样间隔的差异可能受到优势物种的迁移范围和栖息地的物理差异（例如潮汐水文、底泥、植被覆盖）的影响。本研究所采用的优化采样策略在平衡采样效力的情况下，为大型底栖动物丰富度估算提供良好的精度。此外，在河口湿地进行大型底栖动物调查之时，本研究的结论能提供采样策略参考。本研究所采用的采样策略设计注重采样的三个关键部分，具有良好的采样效果，可作为栖息地管理或生态系统评估的野外实地采样指南。 相似文献
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The relation between distribution of zooplankton and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Seasonal netzplankton samples from stations in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary were collected from May, 2004 to February, 2005. The dominant species and their contribution to the total zooplankton abundance were determined. Moreover, the relationship between the salinity and abundance was studied with stepwise linear regression. During the whole year, the salinity was positively correlated with the abundance, while the temperature, negatively. Linear regression analysis showed also a high positive correlation with salinity for total abundance in August and November, while in February and May, no obvious relations were found. The most abundant community was composed of neritic and brackish-water species. The North Passage (NP) (salinity <5) was greatly diluted by freshwater while the North Branch (NB) was brackish water with salinity range of 12–28. Consequently, clear decline in abundance of zooplankton was along the estuarine haloclines from the maximum in the area of high salinity to the minimum in the limnetic zone. Total zooplankton abundance and biomass were lower in NP than the NB in all seasons. In short, the salinity influenced the abundance of each species of zooplankton, and ultimately determined the total abundance of zooplankton. Furthermore, a winter peak in the abundance existed, which might be caused by the flourishing of Sinocalanus sinensis, a widely distributed species in the Changjiang Estuary. 相似文献
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We evaluated the ability of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to osmoregulate and grow in saltwater. Hatchery-reared juveniles (mean weight 106.8 g, 5-month old) were transferred from freshwater to 10, 20, and 25 salinity saltwater over a period of 20 d. We measured the growth, serum osmolality, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In addition, we prepared samples of gill tissue to quantify morphological changes in gill ultrastructure. Rearing in up to 25 saltwater for 30 d had no significant effect on growth. Similarly, serum osmolality and ion concentrations were similar to levels reported in other teleosts following acclimation to saltwater. Serum osmolality and Na+, Cl- concentrations increased significantly with the initial increase in salinity. Afterwards, levels tended to stabilize and then decrease. Serum K+ levels did not change during acclimation to saltwater. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased initially as salinity was increased. However, the activity later decreased and, finally stabilized at 3.7±0.1 μmol Pi/mg·prot·h in 25 saltwater (1.6 times higher than the level in those in freshwater). In fish that were held only in freshwater, the chloride cells were located in the interlamellar regions of the filament and at the base of the lamella. Following acclimation to 25 saltwater for 30 d, the number and size of chloride cells increased significantly. Our results suggest that juvenile Amur sturgeon is able to tolerate, and grow in, relatively high concentrations of saltwater. 相似文献
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为探明工程建设后东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构特征,作者利用等级聚类和多元统计等方法对该水域鱼类种类组成、优势种及群落结构进行分析。春、秋季共发现18种鱼类,隶属6目9科15属;鲈形目鱼类所占比例最高(50%),其中又以虾虎鱼科鱼类最高(44.4%)。春季优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina),秋季优势种为棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus);棘头梅童鱼为春、秋季共同优势种。等级聚类和非度量多维标序排序表明,东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落可分为春季和秋季2个组群,相似性检验(ANOSIM)显示2个组群差异极显著(R=0.851,P0.01)。生物与环境相关分析(BIOENV)表明温度和盐度是影响东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构的最主要环境因子,两者结合因子与鱼类群落的相关系数为0.791。本研究发现,东海大桥风电场水域是棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚、龙头鱼等多种鱼类的育幼和索饵场所,群落结构具有典型的季节特征。 相似文献
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每年的高三地理复习中,很多教师和学生都会将前一年甚至前几年的高考地理试题作为迎考复习的重要组成部分;但是,教师在讲评高考试题的时,往往局限于就题讲题,仅处于对试题知识的识记上,学生对相关知识点的掌握和知识的迁移却不能兼顾,从而导致复习质量较低,复习效果较差的局面。如果教师在讲授的时候能够触类旁通,对原有的高考试题进行变式,即对原高考题条件进行变换,就能起到举一反三和事半功倍的效果,下面就几题高考题为例进行变式转换。 相似文献
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在全球气候变化的背景条件下,中国河口海湾生态系统的研究逐渐深入和系统化,研究热点开始关注国际公约中的重要生态敏感区,大大缩短了与国际学术界同类研究的差距。以长江口为例,由于河口海湾地区处于海洋、陆地和河流生态系统相互作用的界面上,具有开放度高、敏感度高、脆弱性高和稳定性低的"三高一低"特征。针对长江口大量滩涂栖息地被围垦和侵占的现状,提出了在长江口受损湿地构建人工替代栖息地进行人工优化的途径。中国河口海湾研究不仅需要开展国际、国内交流,还要广泛争取国际组织的资助和合作,探索跨学科、跨行业、跨地区参与动态保护管理和开发利用,使以长江三角洲为代表的中国滨海河口海湾三角洲地区的保护开发和资源利用实现可持续的生态文明。 相似文献
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选取健康的雄性黄鳍鲷Sparus latus 亲鱼进行人工采精,设定不同的盐度梯度、pH梯度,观察其对精子活力的影响,测定了精子的密度、大小和精浆的渗透压,同时用透射电镜观察精子的超微结构.结果表明,在盐度20时,精子的激烈运动时间、快速运动时间和寿命最长,分别为70、90±1.3s和861±8.6s;在pH为8.0时,激烈运动、快速运动时间和寿命也最长,分别为90±3.7s、115±9.9s和500±11.6s.测得精子的平均密度为(8.0±0.6)×109个·ml-1,精子细胞核的长径为2.75±0.93μm,短径为2.25±0.68μm,鞭毛长为41.52±6.76μm,精浆的平均渗透压为342.6±12.35mmol·kg-1.超微结构显示,精子头部呈圆形或卵圆形,头部无顶体结构,植入窝位于细胞核底端的中间,中心粒复合体位于植入窝内,其中近端中心粒位于植入窝的上段,基体位于植入窝的下段.袖套位于核后端,两侧分布有线粒体和囊泡.尾部细长,其主要结构是轴丝,轴丝为典型的"9 2"微管结构. 相似文献