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Dehydration/melting of oceanic crusts during returning to the mantle in subduction zones are related to origin of arc lavas. The factors that influence arc magmatism include compositions of the subducting slabs, mantle wedge and subduction rates. However, distinguishing these factors remains difficult and highly debated. Subducting rate is related to the total mass of inputs and controls thermal structure, thus plays a crucial role in arc magmatism. Here we explore the relationships between geochemical variations of arc lavas and convergence rates(increasing from 46 mm/a to the south to 83 mm/a to the northward) in the Tonga-Kermadec arc system. Data of geochemistry for lava samples from nine islands of this arc system are collected and compiled to investigate the role of subduction rate in arc magmatism. Lavas from the northern Tonga arc with a faster subduction rate show broadly lower concentrations of TiO_2 and highfield-strength elements(HFSEs, e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf), and higher Ba/Th, U/Th ratios than the Kermadec Arc to the south. Some of the Kermadec lavas show the highest values of Th/Nb ratio. We suggest that the northern Tonga arc with a higher subduction rate has been influenced by a stronger role of subductionreleased fluid, which results in stronger large-ion-lithophile elements(LILEs) and relatively weaker HFSEs contribution. It is interpreted that faster subduction rate tend to create a cooler subduction zone, leading to stronger dehydration subduction slab contribution with, thus, higher LILE/HFSE ratios of arc lavas. The conclusion contributes to a better understanding of arc magmatism, and ultimately the long-term chemical differentiation of the Earth. More supplementary geochemical data along Tonga-Kermadec arc and tests in other arcs are needed. 相似文献
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2005年9月11日～24日,我们参加了中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会组织的环球航次(DY105-17A航次).在"大洋一号"科考船上,先后使用了电视抓斗、MAPRs、摄像拖体、多波束、磁力仪、集成化拖体、CTD和近海底磁力仪等调查设备,对东太平洋海隆的13°N和1°N～3°S两个区块,进行了热液活动调查.以往对东太平洋海隆13°N热液活动的调查研究程度比较高,国际上曾对该区域进行过许多次的航次调查工作,积累了为数众多的数据和资料,2003年11月我们也曾先后使用多波束、CTD、浅层剖面仪、拖网、抓斗和柱状取样器等设备,对东太平洋海隆13°N的热液活动进行了调查,绘制了多波束水深图,获得了宝贵的海底热液硫化物、沉积物、岩石、生物和近海底的水体样品,对该区的地形特征、底质和热液活动情况有了一定的了解.而东太平洋海隆的1°N～3°S,尚属于一个调查研究程度比较低的地段,也没有热液活动是否存在的证据.DY105-17A航次,使我们从海况、海流、水文、地形地貌、底质情况等多个方面对这个区域有了更多的了解和认识,同时在该区赤道附近发现了新的浊度异常,为未来进一步调查证实该区存在热液活动提供了必要的证据. 相似文献
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雅浦岛弧基本由变质岩组成,与西太平洋的其他岛弧具有显著区别。利用在雅浦岛弧获得的变质岩样品,研究了角闪岩的变质温压条件,并进一步探讨了雅浦岛弧变质岩的构造环境,以及加罗林洋底高原及海山的俯冲侵蚀对雅浦岛弧的影响。雅浦岛弧变质岩的矿物组合结果显示,其变质相为角闪岩相和绿片岩相;对雅浦岛弧变质岩进行了电子探针微区分析,采用角闪石单矿物温度压力计、斜长石-角闪石Na-Ca交换温度计和角闪石-斜长石Al-Si压力计来计算变质P-T条件。矿物温压计的估算结果表明,雅浦岛弧角闪岩变质P-T条件为493.6~630℃/3.8~6kbar,为中等P/T型变质相系。结合矿物组合及温压计估算结果,认为雅浦变质岩可能经历了岛弧区域变质作用。雅浦变质岩代表的构造环境为雅浦岛弧基底。雅浦角闪岩的埋藏深度大约为15~20km,雅浦岛弧变质岩的出露是俯冲侵蚀的结果。加罗林洋底高原及海山促进了雅浦岛弧俯冲侵蚀的发育,使得雅浦岛弧的弧前地区甚至岛弧都遭受侵蚀,导致变质岩基底出露于海底。 相似文献
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The serpentinized peridotites overlying the subducted zones in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc system have been interpret as the cause of the low-velocity layer identified beneath the IBM froearc, in turn few earthquakes occurred along the plate boundary. Chrysotile, which is a low temperature and highly hydrated phase of serpentine with low frictional strength, has been suggested as the low velocity material in the serpentinized peridotites, besides, brucite is inferred to be likely conducive to stable sliding. However, such idea encounters challenging in our serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc, which absent both the above minerals. The presence of talc, which characterized by its weak, low-friction and inherently stable sliding behavior, provides new clue. Here we report the occurrence of talc in serpentinized peridotites collected from the landward trench slope of the southern Mariana forearc. We infer that talc is mainly forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated fluids released from the subducting slab, and talc also occurs as talc veins sometimes. Due to its unique physical properties, talc may therefore play a significant role in aseismic slip in the IBM subduction zone.
相似文献7.
测定了东太平洋海隆13°N附近1个站位（103°54．48′W，12°42．30′N，水深2655m）热液硫化物的矿物、元素和同位素组成．热液硫化物主要由闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿等组成，且在ep—s—1层含有次生氧化形成的针铁矿，为富Zn型硫化物，其稀有元素Li（0．15×10^-6～0．30×10^-6），Be（0．01×10^-6～0．05×10^-6），Zr（73．8×10^-9～134.4×10^-9），Nb（8．14×10^-9～64．7×10^-9），Hf（2．54×10^-9～28．0×10^-9）和Ta（0．203×10^-9～1．21×10^-9）含量远低于洋壳，具有相对高Au含量，低Co，Ni，Sr，Cs，Ba，Bi和U含量的特点．热液硫化物中Zn．Cr，Cd-Ga，Cu-P和P—In之间均存在显著的正相关关系（R^2〉0.8），而Zn—Fe和Cu—Ba之间均存在显著的负相关关系（R^2〉0．8）．从低温矿物组合到高温矿物组合，热液硫化物中的分散和稀有元素（In，Li，Cs等）含量在空间上的分布也发生了相应的变化，且热液硫化物中锌、铁和铜硫化物分别控制了Cd，Cs和P等元素含量的变化．由于海底风化作用，使得含次生氧化矿物的红褐色硫化物氧化层中V，Mn和REE等元素相对富集，使ep-s-1层具有与海水一致的REE配分模式，并对热液硫化物中元素比值之间的相关性产生明显的影响．同时，从高温矿物组合到低温矿物组合，热液硫化物中Fe含量和矿δ^34S值逐渐增加，Zn含量和铅同位素比值逐渐减小，反映出海水对热液硫化物形成过程中的元素和硫、铅同位素组成的影响逐渐增加． 相似文献
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白垩纪以来太平洋上地幔组成和温度变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张国良 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):19-25
The geological evolution of the Earth during the mid-Cretaceous were shown to be anomalous, e.g., the pause of the geomagnetic field, the global sea level rise, and increased intra-plate volcanic activities, which could be attributed to deep mantle processes. As the anomalous volcanic activities occurred mainly in the Cretaceous Pacific, here we use basalt chemical compositions from the oceanic drilling(DSDP/ODP/IODP) sites to investigate their mantle sources and melting conditions. Based on locations relative to the Pacific plateaus, we classified these sites as oceanic plateau basalts, normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, and near-plateau seafloor basalts. This study shows that those normal mid-ocean ridge basalts formed during mid-Cretaceous are broadly similar in average Na8, La/Sm and Sm/Yb ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions to modern Pacific spreading ridge(the East Pacific Rise). The Ontong Java plateau(125–90 Ma) basalts have distinctly lower Na8 and143Nd/144 Nd, and higher La/Sm and 87Sr/86 Sr than normal seafloor basalts, whereas those for the near-plateau seafloor basalts are similar to the plateau basalts, indicating influences from the Ontong Java mantle source. The super mantle plume activity that might have formed the Ontong Java plateau influenced the mantle source of the simultaneously formed large areas of seafloor basalts. Based on the chemical data from normal seafloor basalts, I propose that the mantle compositions and melting conditions of the normal mid-ocean ridges during the Cretaceous are similar to the fast spreading East Pacific Rise. Slight variations of mid-Cretaceous normal seafloor basalts in melting conditions could be related to the local mantle source and spreading rate. 相似文献
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本文采用模糊逻辑推理方法对地下水位进行预测,收到较好的效果,该方法与其它方法相比提高了预测精度,简化了计算方法。 相似文献
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蚀变大洋地壳通过俯冲带进入地幔,是导致岛弧火山作用的重要物质来源。洋壳蚀变导致的矿物和地球化学组成变化对理解固体地球化学循环具有重要意义。IODP U1365站位位于汤加-克马德克俯冲带前缘的俯冲板片上,对该站位蚀变玄武岩的研究有助于理解汤加-克马德克俯冲带的俯冲过程。对U1365站位的9件玄武岩样品进行了蚀变产物的主量元素电子探针分析,并结合全岩主量元素含量,探讨了低温热液蚀变的影响因素及蚀变产物对化学组成变化的控制。研究表明,该站位的主要蚀变产物为皂石、绿鳞石、贝德石、沸石、绿泥石、橙玄玻璃、黄铁矿、方解石,以及铁的氧化物/氢氧化物,为典型的低温热液蚀变产物组合特征。从岩石单元(熔岩流)边界或裂隙边缘到岩石内部,蚀变矿物呈现铁的氧化物/氢氧化物—绿鳞石—皂石+黄铁矿的带状分布,指示了从氧化环境向还原环境的转变。该站位的蚀变类型包括矿物置换、气孔填充及裂隙填充。根据蚀变产物组合及矿物穿插关系,将U1365站位玄武岩的低温蚀变过程划分为4个阶段:玄武质玻璃橙玄化、氧化蚀变矿物(绿鳞石+铁的氧化物/氢氧化物)的形成、还原蚀变矿物(皂石+黄铁矿)的形成,以及裂隙的封闭。低温热液蚀变过程对该站位玄武岩化学成分的改变主要体现为K_2O、Fe_2O_3含量的升高及FeO、CaO、Na_2O含量的降低,并且在靠近岩石单元(熔岩流)边界的部位,样品的蚀变程度更高,所需的最小水岩比更大,全岩化学组成的改变也更强烈。蚀变产物的电子探针数据分析显示,K_2O主要赋存在绿鳞石和沸石中;Fe_2O_3主要赋存在铁的氧化物/氢氧化物、橙玄玻璃和绿鳞石中;CaO主要赋存于方解石岩脉中,在其他蚀变产物中含量极低。该结果可用于解释U1365站位蚀变玄武岩的化学组成变化,如更容易接触氧化性海水的蚀变样品通常表现为氧化型蚀变产物组合(铁的氧化物/氢氧化物、橙玄玻璃、绿鳞石等),其全岩组成与新鲜样品相比表现出更强烈的K_2O、Fe_2O_3富集,说明蚀变类型对于大洋玄武岩的化学组成变化有一定的控制作用。 相似文献