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文中对比分析了2015年29个雾、霾及雾霾混合天气过程中,章丘探空站L波段探空雷达和山东省气象局院内德国14通道地基微波辐射计观测的温度资料。对观测数据实施了质量控制,检验了精度和可信度,统计分析了宏观物理参量特征和日变化规律。针对雾、霾及雾霾天气过程各选取了一个个例进行分析,分析了大气中PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、O3、CO含量的变化情况,分析了相对湿度、液态水路径和综合水汽含量等的变化情况。结果表明:两种观测数据一致性较好,拟合优度高于0.97;贴地逆温层存在一定的季节变化,悬垂逆温层存在一定的差异,逆温层的变化、污染参量变化与雾霾的形成有密切关系;不同天气背景对大气物理参量有较大的影响,PM10、AQI（空气质量指数）和CO均在相同时间段出现峰值,有明显的起伏;CO峰值雾霾天气中尤为明显,由早到晚随时间峰值逐渐增大,雾天和霾天峰值较小,雾霾天气明显大于雾天或霾天。 相似文献
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太湖风浪场的计算与比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先探讨了浅水风浪数值模型—SWAN模型应用于模拟内陆湖泊风浪生成和传播变形时的特点。该模型存在不能有效地模拟近固壁边界处风浪场的缺点,以能正确地模拟湖区的风浪场和节约计算时间为原则,确定了计算范围。对太湖进行了风场和风浪场的现场观测。分别利用规范公式和SWAN模型两种方法、根据观测和预报的风场计算了湖区的有效波高,并将计算结果和现场观测值进行了详细比较。结果表明基于观测的风场,利用两种方法所计算的太湖风浪场的精度基本相当;在根据观测的风场、利用SWAN模型计算内陆湖泊的风浪场时,需要精心选择恰当的风场;在根据预报的风场预报湖区风浪场时,SWAN模型的精度要高于规范公式的精度。 相似文献
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If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become significant. This paper describes carefully an approach to specifying the incident wave boundary conditions combined with a set sponge layer to absorb the reflected waves towards the incident boundary. Incorporated into a time-dependent numerical model, whose governing equations are the Boussinesq-type ones, the effectiveness of the approach is studied in detail. The general boundary conditions, describing the down-wave boundary conditions are also generalized to the case of random waves. The numerical model is in detail examined. The test cases include both the normal one-dimensional incident regular or random waves and the two-dimensional oblique incident regular waves. The calculated results show that the present approach is effective on damping the reflected waves towards the incident wave boundary. 相似文献
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In this paper, the characteristics of different forms of mild slope equations for non-linear wave are analyzed, and new non-linear theoretic models for wave propagation are presented, with non-linear terms added to the mild slope equations for non-stationary linear waves and dissipative effects considered. Numerical simulation models are developed of non-linear wave propagation for waters of mildly varying topography with complicated boundary, and the effects are studied of different non-linear corrections on calculation results of extended mild slope equations. Systematical numerical simulation tests show that the present models can effectively reflect non-linear effects. 相似文献
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A new approach to high-order Boussinesq-type equations with ambient currents is presented. The current velocity is assumed to be uniform over depth and of the same magnitude as the shallow water wave celerity. The wave velocity field is expressed in terms of the horizontal and vertical wave velocity components at an arbitrary water depth level. Linear operators are introduced to improve the accuracy of the kinematic condition at the sea bottom. The dynamic and kinematic conditions at the free surface are expressed in terms of wave velocity variables defined directly on the free surface. The new equations provide high accuracy of linear properties as well as nonlinear properties from shallow to deep water, and extend the applicable range of relative water depth in the case of opposing currents. 相似文献
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2009年初冬山东一次暴雪过程粒子谱特征分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了研究降雪过程中粒子微物理特征,利用架设在济南南部山区的一台THIES激光降水粒子谱仪获取的2009年11月11—12日强降雪过程中降水粒子谱资料,对降雪粒子微物理参量演变特征、粒子谱及速度谱分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,(1)此次降雪天气过程中降水强度与数浓度、最大直径和雷达反射率因子间均具有一定的正相关性;降水强度与最大直径的关系极为密切,粒子的大小直接决定降水强度的大小。(2)降雪过程中谱型分布以单峰型和指数型为主,各粒径档内数浓度分布存在不均匀性,但数浓度峰值直径主要集中在0.5 mm处。(3)粒子速度谱均以单峰结构分布,下落末速基本位于0.375~2 m·s~(-1)之间,随直径的增大几乎没有变化。 相似文献
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Wave radiation and diffraction by a two-dimensional floating body with an opening near a side wall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The radiation and diffraction problem of a two-dimensional rectangular body with an opening floating on a semi-infinite fluid domain of finite water depth is analysed based on the linearized velocity potential theory through an analytical solution procedure. The expressions for potentials are obtained by the method of variation separation, in which the unknown coefficients are determined by the boundary condition and matching requirement on the interface. The effects of the position of the hole and the gap between the body and side wall on hydrodynamic characteristics are investigated. Some resonance is observed like piston motion in a moon pool and sloshing in a closed tank because of the existence of restricted fluid domains. 相似文献
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利用山东省2007年10月27日1架次机载粒子测量系统（Particles Measuring System,PMS）积层混合云探测资料,分析了云中粒子浓度和尺度、液态含水量,以及小云滴和大云滴谱的垂直分布特征,比较了催化前后云微物理特征的变化。结果表明,催化前,云层中小云滴谱型为单峰,谱宽随高度增加先变窄后变宽,大云滴谱型在云低层为单峰,中高层为双峰谱,谱宽随高度增加先变宽后变窄,并且没有探测到降水粒子。催化后,小云滴尺度在低层减小、高层增加,整层液态水含量减小;大云滴浓度增加,尺度增大,出现降水粒子,固态粒子类型增多。在3 700~4 000 m高度层内小于10μm粒子明显增加,说明凝结过程比较明显,并且10~27.5μm粒子开始出现,启动了云滴的碰并机制。小云滴谱变化较小,基本为单峰谱,但在较大云滴处谱型略有起伏,在3 000m和3 300m高度的谱宽增宽。大云滴粒子谱有较大的变化,低层变成双峰谱,谱宽最宽可达650μm,中高层为双峰或多峰,峰值从小值向较大值移动。2D-P探头在催化云高层探测到降水粒子,谱型呈单调下降形态,谱宽最大为600μm。 相似文献
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利用中国科学院大气物理研究所开发的三维全弹性冰雹云模式,对2006年7月5日山东境内一次以冰雹、雷雨大风为主的强对流过程进行模拟,分析了冰雹的形成机制。结果表明:79%左右的冰雹胚胎是霰,雹胚以霰为主,霰主要来自于冰雪晶与过冷雨水碰撞冻结以及雪的自动转换过程,霰形成后主要靠碰并过冷云水、雨水增长,而冰雹主要质量来源是霰的自动转化以及碰并过冷云水增长。人工催化试验表明:在强对流云中冰雹含量达到0.1 g·m-3前1～4 min进行催化,能有效抑制冰雹粒子的增长,在过冷水含量中心(5.5 km)上方1.0～1.5 km催化防雹效果较好,在其下方催化防雹效果较差;剂量越大防雹效果越好。AgI主要以凝华核的作用产生人工冰晶,冰晶凝华增长导致过冷云水含量降低。催化后雹胚特别是霰胚的数量增多,对过冷云水的竞争增强,其平均尺度、质量均减小,降低了雹胚向冰雹的转化率。冰雹碰并过冷云水增长也被减弱,导致冰雹总质量进一步减少。 相似文献