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利用皱纹盘跑（Haliotis discus hannai）贝壳颜色与摄食饵料相关且贝壳生成后色调不再改变等特点,以幼鲍贝壳顶部摄食底栖硅藻期间形成的褐红色部位的壳长指示它剥离时的壳长,将贝壳颜色用作形态标记,首次在皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育中观察到无意识选择。在投喂人工配合饵料后的第3天与第30天,分别从遗传背景不同的8组样本... 相似文献
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贝类通过生物沉积作用加速了养殖海区水体中的颗粒物质向海底的输送。在桑沟湾中筏式养殖的长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas),将大量的有机物以生物沉积物(真粪和假粪)的形式排向养殖区海底。为完成对桑沟湾筏式养殖长牡蛎生物沉积物对环境底质影响的量化研究,作者通过在桑沟湾内不同的海区设置采样点(5个养殖区,3个对照点),对采样点SG 2与SG 6两个点的长牡蛎生物性沉积物与海区悬浮颗粒物进行了稳定同位测定及有机物来源分析。实验结果表明:选取的采样点沉积物稳定碳氮同位素丰度集中于δ~(13)C–22.82‰~–21.62‰,δ~(15)N 4.73‰~6.21‰。在SG 2点的悬浮颗粒物中,长牡蛎生物性沉积物贡献有机物占9.95%,对照区沉积物与SG 2区沉积物贡献分别为54.19%和35.86%。在典型的采样点,稳定同位素法能较准确地量化出各有机物来源的贡献比例。以SG C点为对照,其余7个采样点长牡蛎生物性沉积物有机物贡献在4.06%~28.64%,平均贡献率为13.96%±8.62%,牡蛎养殖已经对桑沟湾底质造成了一定的影响。 相似文献
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We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and blood cockle （Arca inflata Reeve）. The larvae were reared at pH 8.2 （control）, 7.9, 7.6, or 7.3 beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization. Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species. Compared with the control, larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3. Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3. However, when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization, shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3. Thus, the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions. Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves. Although the effects appear subtle, they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development. 相似文献
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Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is one important member of heat shock protein (Hsp) family that is responsible for various stresses, especially thermal stress. Here we examined the response of Hsp70 gene to both chronic and acute thermal exposure in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). For the chronic exposure, abalones were maintained at 8, 12, 20, and 30°C for four months and their mRNA levels were measured. The highest mRNA level of Hsp70 gene relative to actin gene was detected in the 30°C-acclimated group, followed by the 8°C-acclimated group and then the 12°C- and 20°C-acclimated groups. After the long-term acclimation, gills from each of the above acclimation groups were dissected and exposed to different temperatures between 8°C and 38°C for 30 min. Hsp70 expression in gills acclimated to different temperatures responded differentially to the same temperature exposure. The incubation temperature that induced maximum Hsp70 mRNA expression was higher in the higher temperature acclimation groups than lower temperature groups. Pacific abalones could alter the expression pattern of Hsp70 gene according to environmental thermal conditions, through which they deal with the stress of thermal variations. 相似文献
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Several studies have demonstrated that shellfish calcification rate has been impacted by ocean acidification. However, the carbonate system variables responsible for regulating calcification rate are controversial. To distinguish the key variables, we manipulated a seawater carbonate system by regulating seawater pH and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC). Calcification rates of juvenile blue mussel(M ytilus edulis) and Zhikong scallop(C hlamys farreri) were measured in different carbonate systems. Our results demonstrated that neither [HCO ˉ~+ 3 ], DIC, or p H([H ~+ ]) were determining factors for the shellfish calcification rate of blue mussel or Zhikong scallop. However, a significant correlation was detected between calcification rate and DIC/[H ~+ ] and [CO_3~(2ˉ)] in both species. 相似文献
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以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)中国群体与日本群体的杂交(WJ)子1代为母本,在汕头养殖并选育了3代的“S”群体为父本,建立三元杂交组合(WJ-S)并尝试了海区围堰全生态模式养殖。以同期繁育的皱纹盘鲍中国群体与日本群体的杂交子1代(WJ-F1)为对照,比较 WJ-S 与对照组在生长速度和存活率等方面的差异。结果表明,在苗种和养成阶段, WJ-S 的度夏存活率均显著高于同期对照;从围口壳幼体到养成阶段, WJ-S组的平均壳长大于同期对照,养成阶段WJ-S组的全湿重显著高于对照,表明皱纹盘鲍三元杂交子代的生长速度显著高于对照;从苗种到养成阶段的3次分选数据表明, WJ-S的大规格子代比例均高于对照,小规格苗种比率则低于对照,表明三元杂交鲍苗种的生长速度优于对照;在青岛崂山海区全生态养殖18个月,三元杂交组已达商品规格。上述结果表明,在二元杂交的基础上加入第三方亲本 S 制备的三元杂交皱纹盘鲍,在生长速度、夏季高水温期的存活率等方面都较皱纹盘鲍“中-日”杂交子代显著提高。 相似文献
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根据已发表c DNA序列设计引物扩增了2龄皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)的褐藻酸酶、海带淀粉酶、α-淀粉酶和纤维素酶基因片段并测定其序列,同时用半定量反转录PCR和实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了它们在不同组织中的表达。结果表明:以cDNA为模板的PCR产物序列与已发表的相应基因序列一致;以DNA为模板扩增的a-淀粉酶和纤维素酶基因片段分别含438 bp和667 bp的内含子;在纤维素酶基因片段的外显子和内含子区各检测到2个SNP;4种多糖裂解酶基因均主要在消化腺中表达,褐藻酸酶基因的表达最强,其次为纤维素酶,表明在摄食海带的条件下,褐藻酸是成体皱纹盘鲍可利用的最重要多糖类物质之一。本文的结果为进一步开展皱纹盘鲍"97"选育群体在不同发育期、摄食不同藻类及不同培育环境下的多糖水解酶基因表达研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) and blood cockle(Arca inflata Reeve).The larvae were reared at pH 8.2(control),7.9,7.6,or 7.3beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization.Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species.Compared with the control,larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3.Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3.However,when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization,shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3.Thus,the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions.Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves.Although the effects appear subtle,they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development. 相似文献
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The biomass and size fraction of phytoplankton in terms of chlorophyll a(Chl a) was measured during four cruises conducted in April, July, October 2013 and January 2014 in mariculture area, the Sanggou Bay, China.Results show that total Chl a levels in the surface seawater of the Sanggou Bay generally range from 0.10 to 20.46μg/L, with an average value of 2.13 μg/L. Nano-phytoplankton was the most important size-fraction and accounted for about 65.1% of total Chl a. In order to evaluate the importance of the "protozoan trophic link" for energy transfer from the microbial loop to filter-feeding feeders, Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri was then offered a natural planktonic community as potential prey. Results show that scallops obtained carbon source from natural plankton with the rate of 11 033.05 μg/(g·d). Protists(nanoflagellates and ciliates) were the dominant source of carbon retained by scallop(48.78%). The microbial loop provided 58.45% of the carbon source for farmed scallops. These results indicate that the microbial loop represent a valuable trophic resource in mariculture system of the Sanggou Bay. 相似文献
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