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YANG  Shu-qing 《中国海洋工程》2003,17(4):527-540
Following Bagnold's approach, a relationship between sediment transport and energy dissipation is developed. The major assumption made in the study is that the near bed velocity plays a dominant role in the process of sediment transport. A general relationship between energy dissipation and sediment transport is first proposed. Then the equations for total sediment transport are derived by introducing the appropriate expression of energy dissipation rate under different conditions, such as open channel flows, combination of wave and current, as well as longshore sediment transport. Within the flows investigated, the derived relationships are fairly consistent with the available data over a wide range of conditions.  相似文献   
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洞庭湖萎缩对湖内洪水影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了更好地理解湖泊萎缩对湖内洪水过程的影响,在假定洞庭湖将继续萎缩的前提下,通过建立荆江-洞庭湖水动力模型,定量分析洞庭湖萎缩对湖内洪水的影响。研究结果表明,湖内水位及洪峰流量随湖泊面积的萎缩而增加,洪峰水位到达时刻随着湖泊萎缩而提前。若遇1996年型洪水,洞庭湖面积若从目前的2 670 km2减小至1 380 km2时,西洞庭湖及南洞庭湖内最高水位将抬高2.0 m左右,东洞庭湖水位将抬升0.4 m左右,城陵矶站点洪峰水位到达时刻将提前约11 h,洪峰流量增加约4 800 m3/s。因此,若洞庭湖湖泊面积在目前基础上(面积2 670 km2)继续萎缩,湖区特别是西洞庭湖及南洞庭湖将面临更为严峻的洪水灾害。虽然湖泊萎缩对西洞庭湖与南洞庭湖内水面坡降影响较小,但东洞庭湖内水位同时受湖泊萎缩及长江来流的影响,水面坡降发生较大变化,在距离蔡家洲80~110 km(鹿角站附近)河段水面坡降出现大幅增大。  相似文献   
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A theoretical analysis of velocity profiles in sediment-laden flows is presented by means of Prandtl-Karman mixing length theorem. The study shows that the upward velocity of liquid-phase caused by settling sediment leads to the invalidity of the log-law and Rouse equation. The theoretical analysis takes into account the upward velocity and shows: 1) the mean velocity in sediment-laden flows follows the log-law, but the Karman constant reduces in the main flow region, 2) sediment concentration reduces the mixing length of fluid particles, 3) flow resistance reduces with the presence of sediment concentration, and 4) the sediment concentration profile deviates from the well know Rouse equation. The experimental data agree well with the equations derived on the basis of non-zero wall velocity. It is found that the wall-normal velocity should not be neglected for density gradient flows because it induces more than for pure water flows.  相似文献   
4.
随着我国经济与人口重心向沿海地区的快速转移,水资源成为制约沿海地区经济发展的重要因素。为解决日益紧迫的淡水问题,我国采取包括海洋水库在内的诸多措施。文章简述海洋水库的概念与分类,回顾海洋水库的修建历程,并对海洋水库修建的关键性问题进行探讨。研究结果表明:综合对比地下水开采、内陆水库、海水淡化、污水回用、跨流域调水和海洋水库等水资源管理方式,加之考虑沿海地区水资源的分布特征,海洋水库在沿海地区具有良好的技术可行性、环境持续性以及明显的社会经济效益;海洋水库的建设有利于沿海水资源的充分利用,是解决沿海地区淡水危机的重要措施和实现"陆海统筹"的关键技术,有利于"山顶到海洋"全过程的监控、管理和开发;结合海洋水库的修建现状和发展趋势,提出海洋水库建设的思考与建议。  相似文献   
5.
A Boussinesq Equation-Based Model for Nearshore Wave Breaking   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
Based on the wave breaking model by Li and Wang (1999), this work is to apply Dally‘ s analytical solution to the wave-height decay instead of the empirical and semi-empirical hypotheses of wave-height distribution within the wave breaking zone. This enhances the applicability of the model. Computational results of shoaling, location of wave breaking, wave-height decay after wave breaking, set-down and set-up for incident regular waves are shown to have good agreement with experimental and field data.  相似文献   
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