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低温条件下饲料的脂肪含量对石斑鱼生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究在低温条件下饲料中的脂肪含量对石斑鱼生长的影响,制作脂肪含量为7.53%(G1)、9.52%(G2)、13.27%(G3)和16.64%(G4)的石斑鱼试验饲料,在闭路循环水16.1~21.3℃的低温下养殖石斑鱼,试验结束时称重并进行生物学指标和氨基酸的测定,结果表明低温对鱼类的生长性能产生了一定程度的影响,低温条件下,随着脂肪含量的升高,实验石斑鱼的增重率、肝脂率、肌脂率有明显程度的提高,而肝体比、脏体比相应的降低,摄食G1、G2实验饲料的石斑鱼为负增长,其肝脂率和肌脂率显著高于摄食G3、G4实验饲料的石斑鱼,而肝体比、脏体比却显著的低于后者,肌肉蛋白含量、水分及消化道指数无显著差异,死亡率随着脂肪含量的升高呈降低的趋势,各组石斑鱼肌肉的氨基酸组成差异不大,仅表现为酪氨酸随着脂肪添加量的增加减少的趋势,本实验说明了低温条件下适当增加饲料中的脂肪含量有利于保持石斑鱼的生长,同时为鱼类的越冬期及低温胁迫下的管理提供了1种可行的营养供给策略。 相似文献
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以某鲆鲽类商品饲料的配方为基础,分别添加15%的鲜鱼浆及与鱼浆等蛋白含量的鱼粉,并采用热风及真空冷冻2种干燥方式制作4组等氮等能的饲料(鲜鱼浆热风干燥组SAD、鲜鱼浆真空冷冻干燥组SFD、鱼粉热风干燥组MAD和鱼粉真空冷冻干燥组MFD),投喂初始体重(75.54±0.12)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus Pallas)幼鱼64d,以考察饲料中添加鲜鱼浆及不同干燥方式对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及部分免疫指标的影响.结果显示:SFD组试验鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于SAD组、MFD组和MAD组(P<0.05),且后3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);SFD组的饲料系数最低,但与其它3组无显著性差异(P>0.05);试验鱼的肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)在4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但以SFD组肥满度最高,肝体比最小.真空冷冻干燥的两组(SFD组和MFD组)肌肉和全鱼蛋白含量显著高于热风干燥的两组(SAD组和MAD组)(P<0.05),脂肪含量显著低于热风干燥的2组(P<0.05),蛋白酶活性也以真空冷冻干燥的两组高(P<0.05).SFD组蛋白沉积率显著高于其他3组(P<0.05).溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量以SFD组最高(P<0.05).上述研究表明,饲料中添加鲜鱼浆并使用真空冷冻干燥技术处理,能显著促进鱼体生长、提高鱼体蛋白含量降低脂肪含量,增强机体免疫力. 相似文献
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Amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLP) markers were developed to assess the genetic variation of populations and clones of Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye(Scyphozoa,Rhizostomatidae).One hundred and seventy-nine loci from 56 individuals of two hatchery populations and two wild populations were genotyped with five primer combinations.The polymorphic ratio,Shannon’s diversity index and average heterozygosity were 70.3%,0.346 and 0.228 for the white hatchery population,74.3%,0.313,and 0.201 for the red hatchery population,79.3%,0.349,and 0.224 for the Jiangsu wild population,and 74.9%,0.328 and 0.210 for the Penglai wild population,respectively.Thus,all populations had a relatively high level of genetic diversity.A specific band was identified that could separate the white from the red hatchery population.There was 84.85% genetic differentiation within populations.Individual cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA) suggested that hatchery populations and wild populations could be divided.For the hatchery populations,the white and red populations clustered separately;however,for the wild populations,Penglai and Jiangsu populations clustered together.The genetic diversity at the clone level was also determined.Our data suggest that there are relatively high genetic diversities within populations but low genetic differentiation between populations,which may be related to the long-term use of germplasm resources from Jiangsu Province for artificial seeding and releasing.These findings will benefit the artificial seeding and conservation of the germplasm resources. 相似文献
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不同脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在10%和18%两个脂肪水平下,分别添加0%、1.5%的胆汁酸,配制成四种等氮饲料,投喂初始平均体重为(45.78±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼8周,研究两个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响。结果表明:饲料脂肪水平升高或添加胆汁酸均能显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率,降低饵料系数(P0.05);相同脂肪水平下,添加胆汁酸显著提高了实验鱼的生长,降低了肝体比(P0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,组织中粗脂肪含量呈上升的趋势;而添加胆汁酸降低了组织中脂肪的蓄积,但全鱼与肌肉中水分、粗蛋白含量主要受饲料中胆汁酸水平的影响(P0.05)。胆汁酸能显著降低大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉PUFA含量(P0.05),增加SFA、MUFA含量。饲料添加胆汁酸能降低实验鱼血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性(P0.05),但饲料脂肪水平对血液生化指标的影响呈相反趋势。饲料脂肪水平的升高或添加胆汁酸均能提高实验鱼肝脏脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶、总脂酶和肠道脂肪酶活性(P0.05),且胆汁酸和脂肪二者之间的交互作用对脂肪代谢有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,在2个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸均能促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,提高饲料利用状况,促进脂肪消化吸收,降低组织中粗脂肪含量。 相似文献
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The present trial was conducted with starry fl ounder Platichthys stellatus broodstock to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A,ascorbic acid,and α-tocopherol on the gonadal development and reproductive performance.8 000 IU/kg diet vitamin A(VA group),500 mg/kg diet ascorbic acid(Vcpp group),or 250 mg/kg diet α-tocopherol(α-TA group)was added into basal diet to create 3 vitamin experimental diets,respectively.Each diet was fed to 450 starry fl ounder broodstock for 104 days.Samples were collected weekly.The gonadosomatic index(GSI)of 3 vitamin experimental groups fi rst decreased and then increased.Maximum GSI of Vcpp group was higher than that of α-TA group but lower than that of VA group.The spawning periods of 3 vitamin experimental groups lasted 49,56,and 45 days,respectively.No mature eggs were observed in the control group during the trial.The absolute fecundity(AF)and relative fecundity(RF)of α-TA group was higher than that of Vcpp group but lower than that of VA group.The results suggest that different vitamins play different roles in the fi sh reproductive process.Vitamin A stimulated the maturation of the ovary,ascorbic acid prolonged the spawning period,and α-tocopherol affected the development of the eggs. 相似文献
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壳聚糖对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼生长性能、体组成及非特异性免疫的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用壳聚糖添加量为0.00%(D0)、0.25%(D1)、0.50%(D2)、1.00%(D3)和2.00%(D4)的实验饲料投喂虹鳟幼鱼50d,研究其对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、体组成及非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示,各实验组增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)、脏体比(VSI)呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05),而肝体比(HSI)、脾体比(SSI)、肥满度(CF)及存活率(SR)无明显差异(P>0.05)。全鱼、肌肉及肝脏粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。D3组和D4组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著降低(P<0.05),溶菌酶(LZM)活性则显著升高(P<0.05);D4组总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组及D1组(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本实验条件下,饲料中添加壳聚糖可显著提高虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、增强非特异性免疫能力,以增重率及非特异性免疫为综合评价指标,虹鳟饲料中壳聚糖的适宜添加量为0.50%。 相似文献
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Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profile of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA. These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed. 相似文献
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以新型蛋白源(大豆浓缩蛋白、脱酚棉籽蛋白、喷雾血球蛋白粉)分别替代基础饲料(D0)中17% (D17)、35% (D35)、52% (D52)和 69% (D69)的鱼粉, 配制 5 种等氮等能的饲料, 饲喂星斑川鲽幼鱼[初始体重(75.6±0.18)g] 60d, 以考察鱼粉替代对星斑川鲽幼鱼氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明, 试验组肌肉 Arg 和 His 含量显著增大(P<0.05), Thr 含量差异不显著(P>0.05), 其它必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均显著降低(P<0.05); 试验组全鱼 EAA 总量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。 D69 组肝脏天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AST/ALT)显著低于其它各组(P<0.05); 血清 AST及AST/ALT随鱼粉替代量的增加显著增大(P<0.05)。 本试验条件下, 当替代饲料中35%的鱼粉时, 饲料 EAA 消化率及试验鱼肌肉和全鱼氨基酸组成均无显著性差异, 替代比例进一步加大, 会对试验鱼肝脏生理功能产生影响。 相似文献
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