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A case of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station was studied using data of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analysis, in situ observations and surface weather charts. The storm occurred on August 29th,2006, and brought high winds and poor horizontal visibility to the region.It was found that the storm occurred under the synoptic situation of a high in the south and a low in the north. A low-level easterly jet from the Antarctic continent significantly decreased the air temperature and humidity.Warm air advection at high level brought sufficient vapor from lower latitudes for the snowstorm to develop.The dynamic factors relating to strong snowfall and even the developmentof a snowstorm were deep cyclonic vorticity at middle and low levels,the configuration of divergence at high level and convergence at low level, and strong verticaluplift. There was an inversion layer in the low-level atmosphere during the later phase of the storm.This vertical structure of cold air at low levels and warm air at high levels may have been important to the longevity of the snowstorm. 相似文献
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Based on the observed and NCEP reanalysis data from 1985 to 2006,the climate background and synoptic situation of fog at Great Wall Station were analyzed. It is shown that the seasonal variation of fog is controlled by the change of general circulation and local pressure field. Three favorable typical synoptic situations for fog development are found, the Front-of-A-Depression type, the Saddle-Shaped-Field type and the Passing-Weak-Cyclone type. The first one is the most important situation. Advection cooling fog is dominant at Great Wall Station, but there are other kinds of fog as well. As a result, some helpful principles for local fog forecasting are given. 相似文献
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1989～1990年南极第六次考察,极地轮实施“一船两站”和南大洋海洋考察运输任务,需过东北季风区,两次穿越热带辐合带、东南信风带和咆哮西风带,还需在极区外缘进行长时间航行,高、中低纬天气系统都曾遇到,气象条件复杂。本文仅就航线天气,大风过程和南大洋考察有利天气形势进行分析讨论,以求丰富南极和航行天气预报工作。 相似文献
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The synoptic analysis of sea fog in western Antarctic sea region is made based on the observation data in the Chinese Antarctic station, Great Wall Station, from December 1994 to November 1995, and the facsimile weather charts issued by Chile. It is found that more than 90% fog in this region is the advection cooling fog. Also, the synoptic mechanism of the fog creation and distinction is discussed by analyzing the pressure field, the temperature field and the upperlevel stratification. Finally, the focus of attention in forecasting fog is pointed out. 相似文献
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本文利用最大熵谱分别计算了南极４个区海冰和西北太平洋台风发生频数的变化周期，并对前３年的南极海冰强弱和当年的台风发生频率数进行了逐月时间序列相关分析。 相似文献
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本文根据对海雾气象要素场、大气层结和天气形势的分析及其持续时间和季节、年际变化的统计分析,结合个例,讨论了南极长城站海雾的特征和形成机制。认为长城站海雾大多为平流冷却雾,高频率的偏北风和南大洋极锋附近显著的经向海温梯度是长城站多海雾的根本原因;夏半年海雾要多于冬半年,海雾的年际分布差异明显;海雾可出现于0-17m/s的各级风力中,3-11m/s偏北风最有利于海雾的维持;气温为-2-4℃、气-海温差为0-2℃时最易出现海雾;海雾的发生一般伴有稳定的大气层结;"东高西低"是长城站海雾的主要天气形势;海雾的持续时间取决于高压在南极半岛维持时间的长短,平均有10个小时。 相似文献
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北冰洋夏季的海雾 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
以中国首次北极科学考察采用国内外海冰、大气和海洋的先进观测设备,获得海、陆、空的同步或准同步观测资料为基础,重点研究北冰洋的海雾.发现在北冰洋大范围被海冰覆盖或冰水相间的洋面上,能够形成平流雾、辐射雾和蒸汽雾.每种海雾的特点和形成的物理机制不同.在北冰洋的南部,由于暖湿气流充分,易形成持续时间长、浓度大的平流雾;在冰盖和大浮冰块上,由于冰雪面的强辐射冷却,容易形成稳定的辐射雾;在浮冰区能够形成像开锅的蒸汽一样的蒸汽雾.指出在北冰洋形成多种海雾原因是海冰的分布及独特的物理特性造成下垫面性质的复杂化,产生的海气相互作用复杂化的结果,特别是冰雪面的反照率高,不能吸收极昼期充足的太阳辐射.冰又是热的不良导体,成为海气热交换的屏障,在浮冰区由于冰屏障的破碎,海气交换活跃.海洋以潜热的形式向大气输送热量,以蒸汽雾的形式反映出海气热交换的程度和对气候影响的一种表现形式.提出在蒸汽雾发生的过程中,海洋以感热的形式向大气输送热量. 相似文献
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国际气候研究计划（WCRP）最近计划在南极和北极地区组织实施国际冰厚监测项目,该项目由世界气象组织（WMO）和国际科联（ICSU）组织实施。 海冰在气候变化中对控制高纬度地区大气和海洋中的热交换,驱动海洋中的温盐环流起着重要作用。海冰作为巨大的冷源对全球气候变化的影响已引起全球海洋学界和气候学界的极大关注。对海冰范围,密集度和厚度的长期观测是发展和试验全球大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式的重要基础。 海冰范围和密集度的观测,自1972年美国NOAA系列卫星和Nimbus系列卫星装载了甚高分辨率辐射仪（AVHRR）和微波辐射仪以来,比较成功地解决了海冰密集度和海冰外缘线的监测问题。但冰厚观测必须现场进行。冰厚也是确定热量收支和流变学重要的参数。所以是当今关于研究海冰自身变化及全球气候变化中的重要难题之一。目前仅有一些分散的零星海冰厚度观测资料,不能满足在全球冰-气-海耦合模式中的所需要求。 相似文献