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甲状腺（Glandula thyreoidea）是海洋脊椎动物体内重要的内分泌腺，从海洋脊椎动物开始，才有了独立的甲状腺结构。海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺一般为实质性的组织。实质由甲状腺滤泡组成，构成滤泡的上皮细胞合成、贮存和分泌的甲状腺激素是调节机体生长发育的关键激素。从海洋脊椎动物开始才有了独立的甲状腺结构。对于动物甲状腺的研究多集中在甲状腺形态及甲状腺与生长发育关系方面，而对海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺的研究则越来越多的集中于环境因素所引起的甲状腺病变方面，环境因素对甲状腺功能的影响也逐渐成为科学研究的重点。海洋水体污染导致的甲状腺机能受损，使海洋脊椎动物不能正常生长发育，数目与种类骤减之时，我们不得不重视对海洋脊椎动物甲状腺的研究。 相似文献
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Mackerel(Pneumatophorus japonicus) proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases:trypsin,papain,neutrase,acid protease,and flavourzyme.The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity.Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate(MPH) with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions,namely,MPH-Ⅰ(10kDa),MPH-Ⅱ(10-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅲ(1-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅳ(0.4-1 kDa),and MPH-V(below 0.4 kDa),were obtained.DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated.The fractions in molecular weights 2.5 kDa(MPH-Ⅲ,MPH-Ⅳ,and MPH-Ⅴ),which occupied 93.4%of the total fractions,showed the strongest antioxidant activity;and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other.Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns,eight fractions were obtained from the MPH(2.5 kDa).The isolated peptide I(1 664 kDa) displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.Therefore,MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides. 相似文献
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水母毒素的研究现状 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
水母 (Jellyfish)属于腔肠动物门 ,广泛分布于温带、亚热带及热带海域 ,是海洋杂食性生物。我国除北海分布偏少以外 ,大部分海域都广泛存在。自古以来 ,水母既能供人食用 ,又可入药为人治病,早在《本草纲目》中就有记载 ,如气味咸温 ,无毒 ,主治妇人劳损 ,积血带下 ,小儿风疾 ,丹毒 ,汤火伤等[1]。水母的刺丝囊中含有毒素物质。当水母大量存在时 ,人们在海上的活动如捕捞、游泳、养殖等将受到干扰 ,当水母刺到人时 ,轻则皮肤红肿 ,疼痛 ,重则死亡 ,因此它成为沿海地区伤人动物中的一个重要类群。日本一核电站曾因大量水母而被迫停机。另一… 相似文献
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海洋生物体内蕴含着天然活性物质，许多都具有杀菌、杀虫、抗逆、促生长等功能，已成为新农药创制的重要源泉，据此研制新型海洋生物源农药，是海洋生物产业中的一个新领域，也是新型生物农药研发的重要途径。以虾、蟹壳为原料制备的壳聚糖是一种碱性多糖，能够促进植物生长，提高植物抗病、抗逆能力，在农业上受到广泛关注。为提高壳聚糖的应用性，通过改性提高其抑菌性是一个研究热点。本文主要基于本实验室近20年来在壳聚糖衍生化及抑菌活性方面开展的工作，系统地阐述了提高壳聚糖抑菌活性的活性拼接改性策略，即通过在不同位点接枝含氮、含磷、含硫等抑菌活性基团以提高其抑菌活性，分析了其构效关系，为研制新型海洋生物农药提供了理论与技术支撑。 相似文献
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甲壳素是一类重要且应用广泛的天然高分子。海洋甲壳类加工副产物, 如虾壳、蟹壳等, 是甲壳素的重要来源之一, 常见的提取方法主要有化学法、酶法、微生物发酵法等, 其中微生物发酵法是一种依赖微生物发酵完成脱矿(DM)、脱蛋白(DP)过程的方法, 整个过程不引入任何化学试剂, 绿色无污染, 是解决目前甲壳素生产过程中酸、碱用量大导致污染严重的关键技术。本文综述了各种甲壳素提取方法及各种影响因素在提取过程对所得甲壳素性质的影响, 讨论了微生物发酵法的相关内容, 以期为相关研究提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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Cyanea nozakii Kishinouy e (C. nozakii), a giant cnidarian of the class Scyphomedusae, order Semaeostomeae and family Cyaneidae, is widely distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and is abundant from late summer to early autumn. Venom produced by C. nozakii during mass agglomerations can contaminate seawater resulting in death of the halobios and seriously damage commercial fisheries. Swimmers and fishermen commonly suff er painful stings from this jellyfish, resulting in local edema, tingling, breathing difficulties, depressed blood pressure and even death. Such effects arise from the complex mixture of biologically active molecules that make up jellyfish venom. In the present study, the hemolytic activity of venom from tentacles of C. nozakii and factors aff ecting its activity were assayed. The HU50 ( defined as the amount of protein required to lyse 50 % of erythrocytes) of the venom against dove and chicken erythrocytes was 34 and 59 μg/mL, respectively. Carboxylmethyl chitosan and glycerol could increase hemolytic activity at concentrations greater than 0.06% and 0.2 mol/L, respectively. 相似文献
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甲壳质及壳聚糖的硫酸酯化反应是其化学修饰中最吸引人的研究内容之一。由于它们与肝素有相似骨架， 经硫酸酯化，引入-NHSO3H， - CH2OSO3H - OSO3H， COOH，-CH2COOH基团后得到甲壳质(壳聚糖)类肝素药物，显示出抗栓、抗凝血性能(李鹏程等，1998；曾宪放等，1992；Proeyanat et al.，2002)；如Muzzarelli(1985)早已预见并证实其抗凝血活性；莫斯科血液研究中心病理药理系止血组的研究人员也证明了壳聚糖硫酸酯具有抗凝血活性，他们将肝素与壳聚糖硫酸酯以1∶1的比例给家兔静脉注射各0.5mg/kg，与单纯用肝素1mg/kg对照组比较，其抗凝血效应基本接近，但对照组有出血副作用，而试验组无副作用，可以证明壳聚糖硫酸酯具有既抗凝血又止血的双重调节作用；Tokura等(1994)证实分子质量大小和脱乙酰度不同对磺化产物的抗凝血活力有影响，样品分子质量26000 Da的活性最高，脱乙酰度70%比45%的抗凝血活性更强，脱乙酰度为95%的壳聚糖磺化后抗凝血活性最弱。在中国这方面的研究相对较少，特别是分子中含硫的多寡对生物活性的影响还未见报道。本文作者就壳聚糖的磺化产物对大鼠抗栓、抗凝血进行了研究，表明壳聚糖硫酸酯具有一定的抗栓、抗凝血效果，且具有一定的量效关系，这对今后该方面的进一步研究提供了科学理论依据。 相似文献
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Although prebiotic activities of alginate and agar oligosaccharides isolated from seaweeds have been reported, it remains unknown whether seaweed polysaccharides have prebiotic activity. In this study, we isolated polysaccharides from four species of seaweeds, such as Grateloupia fi licina(GFP), Eucheuma spinosum(ESP), Ulva pertusa(UPP), and A scophyllum nodosum(ANP), and characterized their structures and prebiotic ef fects in vitro. The results showed that these polysaccharides were dif ferent in total sugar and sulfate contents as well as monosaccharide composition. GFP and ESP significantly promoted bifi dobacterium proliferation and 0.1% ESP and 0.4% GFP resulted in the highest proliferation rates of beneficial bacteria, whereas UPP and ANP inhibited the growth of beneficial bacteria at all tested concentrations(0.1%–0.5%). The different behaviors of the four seaweed-originated polysaccharides might be refl ected by differences in monosaccharide composition and structure. Therefore, polysaccharides isolated from GFP and ESP could be utilized as prebiotics. However, more studies must be carried out in vivo. 相似文献