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本文以印尼北苏拉威西东部的潟湖为对象,研究了热带海草床鱼类群落的种类组成和时空变化。研究发现当地鱼类的香农-威纳指数在1.57-3.69之间多样性相对较高。在科水平,天竺鲷科的丰度(8.27 ind./(100 m2))和生物量(28.49 g/(100 m2))最高。在物种水平,侧带天竺鲷(Apogon lateralis)的丰度最高,环纹圆天竺鲷(Sphaeramia orbicularis)的生物量最大。对于物种的空间变化,潟湖湖顶、湖中和湖口首先聚类在一起,这可能是由于基质类型引起的。干季和湿季的鱼类种类、丰度和生物量均比转换季高,这可能是由较强的季风造成的,强季风为鱼类提供了更适宜的环境和食物。93.1%的鱼类的最大体长小于它们的性成熟体长,暗示了海草床是很多鱼类的育幼场。因此,保护海草床对渔业和资源的可持续利用至关重要。  相似文献   
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An index of relative importance (IRI) was employed to screen for dominant fish in the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands, China, using data from four seasonal trawl surveys undertaken between 2012 and 2013. Niche breadth and niche overlap were measured using the Feinsinger and Morisita-Horn indices, respectively, and the characteristics and seasonal variations in the niches of dominant fish were assessed via non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and cluster analysis. A total of 80 fish species, including 16 dominant species, were recorded. Only Amblychaeturichthys hexanema was dominant in all seasons. According to niche breadth values and NMDS, the 16 dominant species were grouped into the following three types: (1) wide niche breadth species, including Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, A. hexanema, and Trypauchen vagina, among others; (2) medium niche breadth species, including Setipinna taty and Johnius belangerii; and (3) narrow niche breadth species, including Atrobucca nibe and Coilia mystus. Most species with a wider niche breadth were demersal fish with a lower swimming capability and even distribution. The niche breadth of migrating fish was narrower than that of settled fish. At a given spatial scale, fish with stronger swimming capabilities had a narrower niche breadth. Niche overlap, which is associated with niche specialization, ranged from 0.000 to 0.886 and had an annual mean value of 0.314. In summer and autumn, niche overlap was relatively high within species of the Sciaenidae family and within species of the Gobiidae in autumn. Differences in thermophily, feeding habits, food organism abundance/distribution and predator-prey relationships affected the niche overlap of fish in this area. Cluster analysis revealed that species with the narrowest niche breadth and lowest niche overlap values usually displayed lower aggregation and greater distribution differences compared with other species.  相似文献   
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根据2012年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2013年2月(冬季)在台山列岛的拖网定点调查数据,对该海域渔业资源种类组成、优势种、物种多样性、资源密度(质量及数量密度)的空间分布及其季节变化等群落结构特征进行分析研究。结果表明,共记录台山列岛渔业生物136种,隶属于18目63科98属,其中鱼类80种,虾类16种,蟹类28种,口足类3种,头足类9种;优势种共有22种,口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)是唯一四季共同的优势种;Shannon Wiener种类多样性指数(H′)全年平均值为2.88(范围:2.80~2.95),Pielou均匀度指数(J′)全年平均值为0.69(范围:0.65~0.72),Margalef丰富度指数(D)全年平均值为6.99(范围:5.76~7.69),夏季群落多样性较高;从渔业资源质量平均密度看,春、夏季最大值都出现在05站点,分别为640.70 kg/km2和1 039.31 kg/km2,秋季最大值出现在03站点,为1 187.48 kg/km2,冬季最大值出现在04站点,为683.24 kg/km2,从渔业资源数量平均密度看,春、夏季最大值都出现在05站点,分别为170.68×103尾/km2和123.69×103尾/km2,秋季最大值出现在01站点,为119.71×103尾/km2,冬季最大值出现在04站点,为133.27×103尾/km2。总体来说,台山列岛周边海域渔业资源物种较多,种间分布均匀,群落结构稳定。  相似文献   
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