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通过深入分析海洋中碳、营养盐、微量金属元素的地球化学特性对酸化响应的研究进展,指出海洋酸化不仅会影响海洋中的碳化学,而且能影响海洋中营养盐、微量元素等的地球化学特性和过程;海洋酸化一个重要的、但被低估的结果是能大范围地改变海洋碳系统之外的无机和有机化学环境;不同海域的生物和地球化学系统对酸化产生不同的响应,同一物质循环的不同过程对酸化的响应可能截然不同;酸化给海洋带来的影响是极其复杂多变的,而且这些影响之间还存在错综复杂的相互作用;生态系统对海洋酸化的自然响应是很多生物和非生物因素独立和共同作用的结果,对很多单一物种或单一因素酸化响应的简单概括或总结,远不能描述海洋酸化对整个生态系统的影响规律。海洋酸化微量元素响应研究,应该具体到物质循环的关键环节(如碳泵、生物泵、硝化作用、固氮作用以及元素赋存形态转化等)及关键要素(如POM,DOM及CDOM等)等的响应,并探讨它们之间的相互作用,进而更全面地了解海洋酸化对海洋中物质循环的影响。 相似文献
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胶州湾沉积物中氮与磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征 总被引：25，自引：9，他引：25
通过对比分析和相关分析对沉积物中氮、磷含量、OC∶TN、TN∶TP进行了研究,探讨了胶州湾沉积物中氮、磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征.研究表明,胶州湾表层沉积物中总氮、总磷的变化趋势一致,即从湾内到湾外含量依次降低,其中总氮依次为0.41、0.25、0.20mg/g,总磷的含量依次为0.29、0.24、0.22mg/g.在整个柱状样中总氮、总磷平均含量的变化也和表层基本一致,有机氮在大部分层次占总氮的50%-70%,无机磷所占总磷的比例一般大于60%.根据沉积物OC∶TN比、氮、磷的垂直分布可以判断湾内和湾口沉积物中的氮主要是陆源的,海洋自生的氮分别占28.9%和13.1%,湾外的氮主要是自生的,海洋自生的氮占62.1%.与氮相比,磷主要是陆源的,但在湾外海洋自生磷的比例明显高于湾内.悬浮颗粒物的组成也证明了湾内沉积物中氮、磷主要是陆源的.沉积物中OC∶TN值的垂直变化也反映了近年来胶州湾物质来源的变化特征,即河流来沙急剧减少,沿岸倾倒垃圾不断增多,后者已经取代前者成为胶州湾主要的沉积物来源.另外,沉积物中TN和TN∶TP的垂直变化也和近年来胶州湾水体中营养盐含量的变化相一致.胶州湾不同地区氮、磷的沉积通量相差很大,湾口的沉积通量最大,而湾外的沉积通量最小;在表层沉积物中,氮的矿化速率高于磷,有机磷的矿化速率大于无机磷,但有机氮的矿化速率并不一定大于无机氮.OC、pH、Eh、Es等环境因素影响氮、磷的矿化,但在不同海区影响程度并不相同. 相似文献
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pCO_2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle. 相似文献
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南沙群岛西部海域两柱状沉积物中碳和氮的分布和来源特征及埋藏通量估算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对位于南沙群岛海域西部近大陆架-残留沉积区(NS01站)和深海沉积区(NS02站)的2个沉积物柱状样进行了研究,测定了它们的粒度组成、CaCO3含量、总有机碳含量(TOC)、总碳含量(TC)、总有机物含量(TOM)和总氮含量(TN),估算了它们的埋藏通量及陆/海源TOC和TN的相对含量.结果表明,该海域沉积物主要是粒径小于63μm的细粒度组分,粒度组成随深度的变化很小.沉积物粒度不是控制CaCO3含量、TOC、TC、TOM、TN和TOC/TN垂向变化的主要因素.NS01站CaCO3含量、TOC、TC、TOM和TN的含量及埋藏通量均低于NS02站.NS01站TOC/TN随深度的变化主要受控于TN的变化,而NS02站则主要受控于TOC的变化.2个研究站位的TOC和TN均以海洋自生为主,NS01站沉积物中海洋自生TOC和TN的平均值分别为53.2%和81.4%,NS02站沉积物中海洋自生TOC和TN的平均值分别为64.5%和87.7%. 相似文献
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Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size fractions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid extractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (N50))are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extractable nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distributions ofNie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer. 相似文献
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莱州湾西南部海域及其毗邻河流水体营养盐的分布特征及长期变化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2012年9月对莱州湾西南部海域及其毗邻10条河流的调查结果,以及近30年来关于莱州湾海域表层水营养盐的调查资料,报道了各条河流和近海海域的营养盐状况及该海域营养盐的长期变化趋势,结果表明:(1)10条主要调查河流的总溶解态氮(TDN)平均含量在1.82~10.66mg/L之间,其中有8条河流超过河流总氮劣五类水质标准,6条河流硝态氮(NO3-N)含量高于氨氮(NH4-N)。(2)所调查的5个近海断面中小清河口近海断面、虞河口近海断面及溢洪河口近海断面的DIN平均含量超过海水无机氮第四类水质标准;除小清河口近海断面外其余近海断面活性磷(PO4-P)含量均属一类海水水质。(3)部分断面营养盐含量在河口混合区淡水端升高,可能与咸淡水混合动力作用相关;莱州湾西部区域营养盐含量高于南部区域,南部的堤河氮、磷含量极高;原油开采活动可能是影响附近水体中营养盐含量及形态的重要因素。(4)从20世纪80年代初至90年代中期,莱州湾表层水无机氮平均含量经历了由低到高的变化,到90年代后期已属劣四类海水水质;无机磷平均含量在该时段呈降低趋势,但到90年代后期也保持在较高水平,随后又波动下降。(5)所调查的莱州湾近海区域整体处于磷限制潜在富营养状态;氮磷摩尔比(N∶P)在所考察的大部分时段内高于Redfield阈值(16),净营养盐收支呈磷减少而氮增加的总体变化趋势,近年来磷限制程度有所减缓。 相似文献
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Adsorption kinetics of the interaction between Pt, Pd and Rh(defined here as platinum group elements, PGEs)ions and macromolecular organic compounds(MOCs, 10 kDa), including humic acid, carrageenan and bovine serum albumin, and different cutoff fractions of natural organic matter(1 kDa and 3 kDa) obtained from seawater using centrifugal ultrafiltration devices were investigated. For a given element, all the adsorption kinetics did not reach equilibrium except the interaction between Pt and 1 kDa cutoff, and between Pd and humic acid.For all the tested MOCs, the adsorption kinetics could be divided into two stages, a rapid adsorption process in the first 8 h and the desorption stage after the first 8 h until the equilibrium. The change trend of partition coefficient(log_(10)K_d) values with experiment time was consistent with that of the kinetic curves. However, in the interaction between PGE ions and natural dissolved organic matter(NDOM), an obvious difference in the change trends of log_(10)K_d and kinetic curves was observed. It indicated that the partition behavior of PGE ions interacting with NDOM in seawater was a combined effect of different organic constituents. The adsorption and log_(10)K_d of PGEs in the 1 kDa NDOM fraction were higher and more stable than those in the 3 kDa NDOM fraction. The results also indicated that the 1–3 kDa NDOM may dominate the interaction between PGEs ions and NDOM. Moreover, no kinetic model could perfectly simulate the adsorption process. It indicated that the colloidal struction and morphology of MOCs or NDOM in seawater might be inhomogeneous. Hence, the interaction between PGE ions and organic matter in seawater was a complicated process and needs further research. 相似文献
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A field observation was carried out in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary from May 19 to 26, 2003. A total of 29 stations, including 2 anchored stations, were occupied through almost the whole salinity gradient. Based on the observation data, biogeochemistry of chemical oxygen demand （COD） was examined. Spatial distribution pattern of COD shows that it decreased downstream. The COD concentration varied generally within a narrow range of 1.24-1.60 mg/L in the zone around the river mouth, beyond which it decreased rapidly to 0.20 mg/L. In the mixed water zone, the fluctuation in COD was smaller at 2 m above the bottom layer than at the surface layer in 48 h. In the seawater zone, the 48-h fluctuation at the surface was the largest, followed by that of 5 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom layers in a range of from 2.50 to 0.55 mg/L. Freshwater discharge was the dominant source of COD in the estuary. The average COD beyond the river mouth was 2.7 mg/L, which accorded with the Chinese seawater quality Grade I. Relationships between dissolved oxygen and biogeochemical parameters such as suspended particulate matter, dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a were also discussed. 相似文献
10.
为了更好地了解长江流域城市化进程和三峡工程对长江口生态系统的影响及其响应,为长期观测提供参考,采用分光光度法对2003年5月19—26日采自长江口的水样中的溶解态无机氮、磷、硅进行了分析。结果表明,该海域营养盐的空间分布呈现出较好的规律性:SiO3-Si的浓度总体上沿长江径流入海方向递减,其在淡水端的浓度>100μmol/L,在离岸最远的海水端附近的浓度约为10μmol/L;NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N和PO4-P沿长江径流入海方向的浓度分布则呈现出先增加后降低的特征,最高值出现在咸淡水交界面附近,分别为130.0、3.14、31.43和2.06μmol/L。南北方向上各种形态营养盐的浓度总体上呈现出北部海域表、底层之间差异大于南部海域的分布特征。连续观测数据显示,NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P和SiO3-Si的浓度均可能在4h的时间里发生较大幅度的波动。在混合水区,由于水深较浅,水体混合较容易,垂直方向上各元素的浓度平均值差异不大;在水深较深的海水区,随着水深的增加,NO3-N和NO2-N的浓度平均值总体上呈下降趋势,PO4-P则相反,SiO3-Si变化不大。采用营养状态质量法和潜在性富营养化标准对调查海域的营养状况进行了分析,结果均显示,调查海域在长江径流入海方向上由淡水区的高营养水平逐渐过渡到海水区的贫营养水平。由于长江口水体中各营养元素浓度时空变化显著,准确计算其入海通量难度很大,需要足够多的高时空分辨率的数据。 相似文献