排序方式： 共有14条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
根据2009-04—2010-02隔月6个航次桑沟湾9个调查站位贝类养殖区有机氯(OCPs)、有机磷(OPPs)农药残留和麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的调查资料,分析了它们在该海域海水中、表层沉积物中和主要贝类(栉孔扇贝、太平洋牡蛎和菲律滨蛤仔)体内的含量水平,就农药残留及贝毒污染对海洋环境质量的影响进行综合评价和类别划分,并对主要食用贝类中农药残留和贝毒的暴露水平进行健康风险评估。结果表明,桑沟湾贝类养殖区海水质量、沉积物质量和养殖贝类质量水平范围为1~2级,平均分别为2级、1级和1级,养殖生态环境综合质量水平为2级;总体上,该海域海洋环境综合质量处于良好水平,贝类产区生态环境质量为1类区(清洁区)。即该海域农药残留及贝毒污染对海洋环境质量影响较小或无明显影响。另外,针对食用桑沟湾贝类水产品的消费人群进行了农药残留及贝毒污染的健康风险评估,结果表明调查人群食用贝类中OCPs中的HCHs和DDTs、OPPs中的马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷、PSP的日摄入量分别为0.75,2.11,0.19,0.09和1.22μg/(人·d),其摄入量低于ADI的推荐限值,因此桑沟湾主要食用贝类中农药残留及贝毒污染的健康风险处于安全范围。 相似文献
2.
Intensive Pyropia aquaculture in the coast of southwestern Yellow Sea and its subsequent waste, including disposed Ulva prolifera, was speculated to be one of the major sources for the large-scale green tide proceeding in the Yellow Sea since 2007. It was, however, unclear how the detached U. prolifera responded and resumed growing after they detached from its original habitat. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic response of the detached U. prolifera to various temperature, salinity and irradiance in the laboratory. The photosynthetic rate of the detached U. prolifera was significantly higher at moderate temperature levels(14–27°C)and high salinity(26–32), with optimum at 23°C and 32. Both low(14°C) and highest temperature(40°C), as well as low salinity(8) had adverse effects on the photosynthesis. Compared with the other Ulva species, U. prolifera showed higher saturated irradiance and no significant photoinhibition at high irradiance, indicating the great tolerance of U. prolifera to the high irradiance. The dense branch and complex structure of floating mats could help protect the thalli and reduce photoinhibition in field. Furthermore, temperature exerted a stronger influence on the growth rate of the detached U. prolifera compared to salinity. Overall, the high growth rate of this detached U. prolifera(10.6%–16.7% d~(–1)) at a wide range of temperature(5–32°C) and salinity(14–32) implied its blooming tendency with fluctuated salinity and temperature during floating. The environmental parameters in the southwestern Yellow Sea at the beginning of green tide were coincident with the optimal conditions for the detached U. prolifera. 相似文献
3.
以Hela细胞为研究对象,通过四氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法、光学显微镜观察、Giemsa染色以及DNA凝胶电泳,研究了几种产YTXs的赤潮藻种多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedrum)CCMP1931,具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)CCMP409,网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)CCMP2776粗提液对细胞的凋亡诱导作用,并通过LC-MS/MS分析各粗提液的成分及毒性大小。结果表明:CCMP1931、CCMP409、CCMP2776均对Hela细胞有毒性作用,能引起细胞凋亡事件,同时,分析其毒素成分发现,3种藻均能产生YTX及其衍生物,且相对毒力大小为CCMP2776CCMP1931CC-MP409。 相似文献
4.
中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)视神经节神经内分泌细胞电生理特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用膜片钳技术对体外培养24—48h中国对虾的视神经节端髓A型和B型神经内分泌细胞进行电生理特征研究。电流钳的结果表明，A型细胞具有自发和诱发放电活动；B型细胞没有记录到明显放电活动。在电压钳模式下，中国对虾视神经节神经内分泌细胞表达TTX敏感Na^ 通道、高电压激活L型Ca^2 通道、TEA敏感晚钾通道、早钾通道。Ca^2 通道电流在-40— -30mV被激活，在-10—0mV时达到峰值；Ca电流受钳制电压的影响。一定电压范围内，钳制电压越负，Ca电流就越大。外向的钾通道电流均在-40mV左右被激活。晚钾通道电流对TEA敏感，但TEA不能完全阻断晚钾通道电流。 相似文献
5.
多型异源物质抗性机制(multixenobiotic resistance mechanism,MXR)是在水生生物中广泛存在的1种对外源毒性物质的重要防御机制,其分子基础与哺乳动物细胞系的多药抗性机制非常相似,ABC(ATP binding cassette,ABC)转运蛋白超家族中的P糖蛋白(p-glycoprotein,P-gp)参与并介导了该抗性机制。本文从P糖蛋白活性和组织分布,P糖蛋白的诱导和抑制,P糖蛋白的表达和调控,多型异源物质抗性机制中P糖蛋白的可能作用模式等几个方面综述了异源物质存在条件下水生生物多型异源物质抗性机制中P糖蛋白的研究现状。大量研究表明,多型异源物质抗性机制是水生生物体的一个重要细胞防御机制。P糖蛋白作为能量依赖性的外排泵,通过水解ATP或与ATP结合将广谱的异源物质(如毒素、重金属、有机污染物等)泵出胞外或促进异源物质在特定的细胞或细胞器内滞留或隔离,从而防止异源物质与细胞内的靶分子结合,降低异源物质对细胞造成的伤害,提高生物体的抗性和耐受性。 相似文献
6.
实验室条件下探讨经过磷酸盐限制后,2种不同补给方式对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响.结果表明,经磷限制后,在一次性添加和脉冲式添加2种磷酸盐补充方式下,塔玛亚力山大藻的最大比生长速率分别为0.71 d-1和0.63 d-1,明显高于在f/2培养液条件下的0.40d-1;同时,一次性添加组所达到的最大生物量明显高于脉冲式添加组(P＜0.05),表明在寡磷酸盐海区,一旦磷酸盐得到丰富补充后,浮游植物会暴发性增长,极易引发赤潮.但是,2组在光能转化效率Fv/Fm值和毒素变化方面都没有表现出显著差异(P＞0.05).前6d受到磷酸盐限制的塔玛亚历山大藻,其光能转换效率值Fv/Fm从0.62降至0.40,单位细胞毒素含量却是在f/2培养液条件下的6倍;而添加磷酸盐后,Fv/Fm值在3d内迅速升至0.60,细胞数量呈现快速增长态势,单位细胞毒素含量却开始降低.至培养结束时,Fv/Fm值缓慢降低至0.40左右,单位细胞毒素含量分别为0.73和0.78 pgSTXeq/个,与f/2培养液条件下的0.76 pgSTXeq/个相当.HPLC测定结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻南海株毒素含量主要是由GTX1,GTX4,neoSTX和C2四类组分构成,其和占总毒素含量的98％以上. 相似文献
7.
Upwelling occurs on the coast of Java between June and October, forced by local alongshore winds associated with the southeasterly monsoon. This causes variations in phytoplankton community composition in the upwelling zone compared with the surrounding offshore area. Based on pigments analysis with subsequent calculations of group contributions to total chlorophyll a(Chl a) using CHEMTAX, we studied the distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum along the south coast of Java and the influence of upwelling. Nineteen phytoplankton pigments were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and CHEMTAX analysis associated these to ten major phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community in the coastal area influenced by upwelling was characterized by high Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations, indicating the dominance of diatoms. In contrast, in the offshore area, the Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations declined to very low levels and the community was dominated by haptophytes represented by 19′-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin. Accordingly, microphytoplankton was found to be the major size class in the coastal area influenced by upwelling, while nanophytoplankton was most abundant in the offshore area. Low concentrations of other accessory pigments indicated less contribution from dinoflagellates,prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Photo-pigment indices revealed that photosynthetic carotenoids(PSCs) were the largest component of the pigment pool, exceeding the proportion of Chl a, with the average PSCTP up to 0.62. These distribution trends can mainly be explained by phytoplankton adaption strategies to upwelling and subsurface conditions by changing species composition and adjusting the pigment pool. 相似文献
8.
9.
棕囊藻渤海株核糖体18S rDNA和ITS基因结构序列分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对分离自渤海赤潮发生区的1株棕囊藻进行核糖体18S rDNA及ITS序列克隆测定,获得了长度为1 648 bp的18S rDNA序列和长度为890 bp的ITS序列.对获得的基因序列进行同源性分析,结果表明,该棕囊藻的核糖体18S rDNA及ITS序列均与NCBI数据库中登录的球形棕囊藻的相应序列同源性最高;从GenBank中获取不同地理来源的19种棕囊藻的18S rDNA序列及6种棕囊藻的ITS序列,分别以棕囊藻核糖体18S rDNA和ITS为对象构建了棕囊藻属的系统发育树,从分子生物学角度确定了棕囊藻渤海株为球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa). 相似文献
10.
虾夷扇贝毒素yessotoxins(YTXs),中国沿海贝类中首次发现的一组贝类生物毒素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法对我国近海贝类中腹泻性贝毒成分进行研究,结果发现采自北黄海大连附近海域的海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝含有25~41μg/kg的虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX),在虾夷扇贝体内还含有37.2μg/kg的45-OH-YTX,并在5种贝中发现微量的Homo-YTX毒素组分,这是首次报道在我国贝中检出此类毒素。虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs是一类含有2个磺酰基的脂溶性多环聚醚类化合物,对小鼠的腹腔注射急性致死毒性很高,毒理作用机制尚不清楚。本研究的结果说明我国贝类体内生物毒素成分复杂,亟需进行毒素成分结构、来源生物、生态毒理效应、分布规律及安全限定标准的研究。 相似文献