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黑海参(Holothuria atra)是热带珊瑚礁大型底栖动物群落中的代表种类之一,其摄食活动对珊瑚礁生境底质有机物的循环再利用具有重要作用。本文研究了三亚蜈支洲岛典型热带珊瑚礁海域野生黑海参的沉积物选择特征及其触手和消化系统结构功能的适应性。结果表明,黑海参摄取的沉积物颗粒相对较粗,其中粒径0.25mm部分占到了总重量的96.67%。触手上3—6个乳突形成乳突簇[直径(283.00±40.94)μm],适宜摄取大颗粒沉积物。黑海参胃内含物有机物含量显著高于环境沉积物,证实其对有机物含量的选择性;粒径0.25mm部分有机物含量占摄入总有机物量的75%,与环境沉积物中相同粒度的有机物总量占比接近(76%),表明黑海参选择的沉积物粒径范围有效保证了其高效摄入有机质。黑海参前肠的脂肪酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、胰蛋白酶活性最高,同时绝大部分的有机质(98.33%)在前肠被吸收。组织学定量分析表明,黑海参前肠黏膜层厚度最大,占总厚度的56.33%,这与其高效吸收有机质的功能相适应;后肠的肠壁总厚度和黏膜下层、肌层厚度均显著高于前肠和中肠,表明其具有相对更好的弹性和收缩能力,适合于大颗粒有机质的高效输送与排出。研究结果证实,黑海参摄食器官和消化道独特的结构与功能保证了其在珊瑚砂粗颗粒生境中高效摄取有机物。 相似文献
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刺参夏眠的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
刺参(Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)),又称仿刺参,属棘皮动物门(Echinodermata),海参纲(Ho-lothuroidea)[1,2],主要分布于北纬35°到44°的广大西北太平洋沿岸,北起俄罗斯的海参威,经日本海、朝鲜半岛南部到中国黄、渤海[3,4]。据报道,江苏连云港外的平山岛是该物种在中国分布的最南界[5]。刺参是典型的温带种类,在其生活史中存在着一种重要的生态习性:当夏季海水温度升高到一定范围后,刺参即迁移到海水较深、较安静的岩石间不动不食,这种现象称为“夏眠”(aestivation)。日本学者Mit-sukuri[6,7]最早观察到刺参的这一现象并提出了夏眠… 相似文献
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Bivalves and seaweeds are important cleaners that are widely used in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems. A beneficial relationship between seaweed and bivalve in the seaweed-based IMTA system has been confirmed, but the trophic importance of seaweed-derived particulate organic materials to the co-cultured bivalve is still unclear. We evaluated the trophic importance of the kelp Saccharina japonica to the co-cultured scallop Chlamys farreri in a typical IMTA farm in Sungo Bay (Weihai, North China). The dynamics of detritus carbon in the water were monitored during the culturing period. The proportion of kelp-derived organic matter in the diet of the co-cultured scallop was assessed via the stable carbon isotope method. Results showed that the detritus carbon in the water ranged from 75.52 to 265.19 μg/L, which was 25.6% to 73.8% of total particulate organic carbon (TPOC) during the study period. The amount of detritus carbon and its proportion in the TPOC changed throughout the culture cycle of the kelp. Stable carbon isotope analysis showed that the cultured scallop obtained 14.1% to 42.8% of its tissue carbon from the kelp, and that the percentages were closely correlated with the proportion of detritus carbon in the water (F =0.993, P= 0.003). Evaluation showed that for 17 000 tons (wet weight) of annual scallop production, the kelp contributed about 139.3 tons of carbon (535.8 tons of dry mass). This confirms that cultured kelp plays a similar trophic role in IMTA systems as it does in a natural kelp bed. It is a major contributor to the detritus pool and supplies a vital food source to filter-feeding scallops in the IMTA system, especially during winter and early spring when phytoplankton are scarce. 相似文献
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Fatty acids （FAs） provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms. Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months. We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A. japonicus using multivariate analyses （PERMANOVA, MDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER）. The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly. The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and non- aestivated sea cucumbers. Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation, and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） that produced from intestinal degradation, are digested during deep aestivation. Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future. 相似文献
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海洋鱼骨胶原肽钙螯合物的制备及红外光谱表征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以海洋鱼骨胶原肽(Marine fish ossein peptide,MFOP)和氯化钙为原料制备多肽钙螯合物,应用Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡试验和中心组合试验设计对螯合工艺进行优化,并对骨胶原肽及其螯合产物进行分子量分布测定和红外光谱分析。结果表明,pH值和肽盐质量比对螯合率有极显著影响(P0.01);优化后的螯合工艺参数:pH=5.90,温度50℃,时间60min,肽盐质量比5.05∶1,多肽浓度45g/L。在此条件下,多肽-钙螯合率为52.47%。凝胶色谱法测定结果显示,螯合物中肽分子量集中在1 000Da以下,其中小肽所占比例相对较大。红外光谱扫描结果显示,螯合产物在1 418cm-1出现羧酸根的伸缩振动峰,而在3 305cm-1处出现Ca-NH2伸缩振动峰,说明生成一种新型的海洋鱼骨胶原肽钙螯合物,具有潜在的营养保健价值和功能应用前景。 相似文献
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城镇地籍调查成果的分析和利用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对宽甸满族自治县城镇地籍调查成果进行了分析,从而阐述了城镇地籍调查成果在土地管理中的应用,以及在房产管理、城镇规划建设和政府决策中的应用。 相似文献
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The effect of water temperature on gut mass and digestive enzyme activity in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, including relative gut mass (RGM), amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin activities were studied at temperatures of 7, 14,
21, and 28°C over a period of 40 days. Results show that RGM significantly decreased after 40 days at 21°C and markedly decreased
over the whole experiment period at 28°C; however, no significant effect of duration was observed at 7 or 14°C. At 14°C, trypsin
activity significantly decreased over 10 and 20 days, then increased; amylase and trypsin activity significantly decreased
after 40 days at 28°C. However, no significant effect of duration was found on amylase, pepsin or trypsin activities in the
other temperature treatment groups. At 28°C, lipase activity peaked in 20 days and then markedly decreased to a minimum at
the end of the experiment. On the other hand, pepsin activity at 28°C continuously increased over the whole experimental period.
Principle component analysis showed that sea cucumbers on day 40 in the 21°C group and in the previous 20 days in the 28°C
group were in the prophase of aestivation. At 28°C, sea cucumbers aestivated at 30–40 days after the start of the experiment.
It is concluded that the effect of temperature on the digestion of A. japonicus is comparatively weak within a specific range of water temperatures and aestivation behavior is accompanied by significant
changes in RGM and digestive enzyme activities. 相似文献
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Gut microorganisms play an important role in the digestion of their host animals. The purpose of this research was to isolate and assess the enzyme-producing microbes from the Apostichopus japonicus gut. Thirty-nine strains that can produce at least one of the three digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, and cellulase) were qualitatively screened based on their extracellular enzyme-producing abilities. The enzyme-producing strains clustered into eight groups at the genetic similarity level of 100% by analyzing the restriction patterns of 16S rDNA amplified with Mbo I. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 37 strains belonged to the genus Bacillus and two were members of the genus Virgibacillus. Enzyme-producing capability results indicate that the main enzyme-producing microflora in the A. japonicus gut was Bacillus, which can produce protease, amylase, and cellulase. Virgibacillus, however, can only produce protease. The high enzyme-producing capability of the isolates suggests that the gut microbiota play an important role in the sea cucumber digestive process. 相似文献
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沉积食性海参通过大量摄取沉积物在热带珊瑚礁生态系统中发挥重要的生态功能,但其食物来源组成尚不清楚。本文研究了海南三亚近岸典型珊瑚礁海域红腹海参(Holothuria edulis)及绿刺参(Stichopus chloronotus)脂肪酸组成,利用脂肪酸标志法探讨了夏季和冬季两种海参的食物来源异同。结果表明,红腹海参与绿刺参的脂肪酸组成存在显著种间和季节差异。7月份时,鞭毛藻及原生动物是绿刺参的重要食物来源,而12月份绿刺参的食物来源较为广泛,涵盖鞭毛藻及原生动物、异养细菌褐藻和红藻等。红腹海参7月份的主要食物来源包括褐藻和红藻等,12月份异养细菌和绿藻在红腹海参的食物组成中比例相对较高。研究结果可为揭示红腹海参及绿刺参摄食活动的生态功能提供数据支持。 相似文献