首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   38篇
  免费   2篇
大气科学   10篇
地球物理   3篇
地质学   6篇
海洋学   7篇
天文学   9篇
自然地理   5篇
  2021年   1篇
  2020年   1篇
  2019年   1篇
  2017年   2篇
  2016年   1篇
  2015年   1篇
  2014年   3篇
  2013年   3篇
  2012年   3篇
  2011年   3篇
  2010年   2篇
  2009年   3篇
  2008年   2篇
  2007年   3篇
  2006年   3篇
  2004年   1篇
  2003年   3篇
  2002年   3篇
  2000年   1篇
排序方式: 共有40条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study presents the first consolidation of palaeoclimate proxy records from multiple archives to develop statistical rainfall reconstructions for southern Africa covering the last two centuries. State-of-the-art ensemble reconstructions reveal multi-decadal rainfall variability in the summer and winter rainfall zones. A decrease in precipitation amount over time is identified in the summer rainfall zone. No significant change in precipitation amount occurred in the winter rainfall zone, but rainfall variability has increased over time. Generally synchronous rainfall fluctuations between the two zones are identified on decadal scales, with common wet (dry) periods reconstructed around 1890 (1930). A strong relationship between seasonal rainfall and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the surrounding oceans is confirmed. Coherence among decadal-scale fluctuations of southern African rainfall, regional SST, SSTs in the Pacific Ocean and rainfall in south-eastern Australia suggest SST-rainfall teleconnections across the southern hemisphere. Temporal breakdowns of the SST-rainfall relationship in the southern African regions and the connection between the two rainfall zones are observed, for example during the 1950s. Our results confirm the complex interplay between large-scale teleconnections, regional SSTs and local effects in modulating multi-decadal southern African rainfall variability over long timescales.  相似文献   
2.
Analysis of a high‐resolution suite of modern glacial sediments from Jostedalen, southern Norway, using a portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) reader, provides insights into the processes of sediment bleaching in glacial environments at the catchment scale. High‐magnitude, low‐frequency processes result in the least effective sediment bleaching, whereas low‐magnitude, high‐frequency events provide greater bleaching opportunities. Changes in sediment bleaching can also be identified at the scale of individual bar features: tails of braid‐bars and side‐attached bar deposits have the lowest portable reader signal intensities, as well as the smallest conventional OSL residual doses. In addition to improving our understanding of the processes of sediment bleaching, portable reader investigations can also facilitate more rapid and comprehensive modern analogue investigations, which are commonly used to confirm that the OSL signals of modern glacial sediments are well bleached.  相似文献   
3.
Measurements of pH and dissolved oxygen saturation in summer from 90 Irish estuaries and coastal bays were used to develop a simple index of trophic state. The index is based on the assumption that large fluctuations in both these variables are likely to be a characteristic feature of eutrophication. In this paper, we use a simple index to capture the relative variation in both pH and dissolved oxygen saturation in each water body during a period of 3 years. We show that the index is in good agreement with other trophic status schemes and strongly correlated with parameters indicative of trophic state such as chlorophyll a and biochemical oxygen demand. We conclude that the index could be used as a simple screening tool to group individual water bodies into broad categories that reflect their trophic state.  相似文献   
4.
Molecular level characterization of complex biopolymers in nature is a key element to understanding the composition of natural organic matter (NOM) and fossil organic matter formation, such as kerogen and coal. Characterization of such geopolymers is difficult due to their heterogeneity and insolubility in common aqueous or organic solvents. Here, a strategy for extracting a representative sample is presented using the combined techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) for chemical analysis and characterization of NOM. A variety of NOM samples (wood, kerogen, bitumen, whole sediments) are shown as examples for implementing the strategy, which include solvent extractions using pyridine. For most samples, the extracts are confirmed to be chemically representative of the insoluble solid, by comparing the liquids NMR spectrum of the extract to that of the whole, unfractionated NOM utilizing high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR. To assist in unambiguous peak assignment, a technique for post acquisition spectral denoising, using wavelet transformation (WT), is also employed on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The findings from the NMR data lay a foundation for the subsequent electrospray ionization FTICR-MS analysis of the pyridine extracts, since this instrument has the limitation of only analyzing liquid samples. The FTICR-MS analyses can, therefore, be used to molecularly represent the structural components of the NOM. Various compositional insights have been obtained on these samples, indicating the efficacy of the analytical techniques used.  相似文献   
5.
6.
Solidification pressure and crystallization age of the ~5 Ma Shiaidani Granodiorite (Hida Mountain Range, central Japan) are determined based on Al-in-hornblende geobarometry and U–Pb zircon dating. Al-poor patchy replacements developed in amphiboles are common in this granite and petrographic study revealed that the replacements include chloritized biotite and albitic plagioclase. These are probably the hydrothermally recrystallized domains, and should not be used for solidification pressure estimates. Magmatic rim of amphibole is characterized by Si < 7.3 a.p.f.u. (AlIV > 0.7 a.p.f.u.), and utilized in solidification pressure estimate that yielded 0.17–0.29 GPa. The solidification age of the granite is estimated as ~5.6–5.2 Ma using U–Pb zircon dating. From these data, the lower limit of an average denudation rate after ~5.6–5.2 Ma for the area where Shiaidani Granodiorite is exposed is estimated as 0.93–2.5 mm/year.  相似文献   
7.
Habitat complexity has been recognised to exert a significant influence on the abundance and diversity of benthic invertebrates. This issue is especially important for the management of endangered species. The recruitment of limpet species was monitored monthly for one year on natural and artificial surfaces. Control plots showed the highest mean number of species and individuals settled per plot, followed by rough then smooth plots. Control plots presented the highest mean diversity values followed by rough and smooth plots. Recruits of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea were mainly observed during the spring, from April to June. Recruitment seemed to be influenced by both the heterogeneity and nature of the substratum. P. ferruginea repopulation programmes involving the translocation of recruits on experimental plates should be conducted using similar materials to the natural substratum, such as granite or limestone, rather than plastic, avoiding surfaces with low levels of heterogeneity, and taking into account that translocation of adults is not feasible due to the high mortality observed.  相似文献   
8.
Coastal engineering works, especially the outer breakwaters of ports where environmental conditions are usually good, often constitute new habitats for marine littoral species. Their potential indirect contribution to the regeneration and conservation of protected species opens up a new perspective in protection of marine biodiversity. This is particularly true when these works harbour, as we show here, important reproductive populations of species that are threatened or even in danger of extinction. We provide integrated data on protected marine species in Southern Iberia established on different substrata (quarried dolomitic rocks, concrete cubic blocks, concrete tetrapods and vertical concrete walls) that are used in the construction of artificial levees that could potentially be Artificial Marine Micro‐Reserves (AMMRs). We also present the first evidence of the ‘reserve effect’ in potential AMMRs and we discuss the need for the creation of AMMRs including their effective networking (AMMRNs), supporting data for which has been observed by studying coastal facilities subjected to strict access restrictions (for security reasons, not conservation). These facilities have acted as valuable proxies and, in reality, potentially act as AMMRs, as well as having a role in helping to detect and control invasive species. We discuss the ecological engineering aspects related to the design and type of materials used in coastal constructions with a view to aiding the integration of these into existing coastal ecosystems as well as promoting greater settlement of species and therefore increases in biodiversity. Finally, the environmental implications of AMMRNs within the future implementation strategy of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 EC are also discussed.  相似文献   
9.
California coastal management with a changing climate   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
With over 2,000 miles (3,218 km) of ocean and estuarine coastline, California faces significant coastal management challenges as a result of climate change-induced sea level rise. Under high emission scenarios, recent models predict 1.4 m or more of sea level rise by 2100, accompanied by increasing storm surges. This article investigates the most important issues facing coastal managers, explores the policy tools available for adapting to the impacts of climate change, assesses institutional constraints to adaptation, and identifies priorities for future research and policy action. We find that adaptation tools exist for dealing with anticipated increases in coastal erosion and flooding, but they involve significant costs and tradeoffs. In particular, coastal armoring, such as seawalls, can protect developed coastal lands, but destroys beaches and habitat. Although California already has policies and institutions that aim to balance the competing objectives for coastal development, management agencies are at the early stages of understanding how to facilitate adaptation. Research priorities to inform coastal adaptation planning include: (i) inventorying coastal resources to provide a firmer basis for balancing decisions on property and habitat protection, (ii) identifying opportunities for coastal habitat migration, (iii) assessing the vulnerabilities of existing and planned coastal infrastructure, and (iv) experimenting with alternatives to armoring as a way of managing the changing coastline.  相似文献   
10.
There is a growing scholarship on the role of the amateur, and amateur societies, in the production and circulation of weather and climate knowledge in the past. Yet relatively little attention has been paid to the actual and potential contribution of contemporary amateur meteorologists in this respect. In this paper we first examine the importance of the amateur historically in the production of local weather knowledge and also in the emergence of professional meteorology. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with members of one contemporary UK based amateur meteorological organisation??the Climatological Observers Link (COL)??we then investigate the nature and extent of contemporary amateur meteorologists?? contributions to a wide range of different ??publics?? today, which include both popular and professional communities. Finally, we interrogate our interview data to identify whether COL members themselves recognise a wider role for their expertise at a time of increasing popular and scientific interest in weather and climate and in an era when the inclusion of non-certified experts in policy decision making processes is being advocated.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号