南海边缘海多金属结核与大洋多金属结核对比     

殷征欣  王海峰  韩金生  吕修亚  沈泽中  陈静  贺惠忠  谢安远  关瑶  董超 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(1):261-277

本文通过系统对比分析前人研究成果，研究了南海边缘海多金属结核的成矿特征，结果表明：南海边缘海结核的矿物组成与大洋结核相似，均主要由锰相矿物和铁相矿物组成，其中锰相矿物主要为水羟锰矿和钡镁锰矿，铁相矿物主要以无定型铁氧化/氢氧化物形式存在，另外南海边缘海结核中含有大量硅酸盐矿物，表明在南海结核成矿过程中受到大量的陆源碎屑矿物混杂；相对于大洋主要经济成矿区的多金属结核，南海边缘海多金属结核中主要的经济元素如Mn、Cu、Co、Ni和Zn质量分数较低，而亲陆源性元素如Fe、Ti、P、Nb、Pb、Rb、Sc、Ta、Sr、Th和REY（REE和Y）等质量分数较高；南海边缘海多金属结核的元素地球化学特征和REE配分模式显示其为水成成因，并呈现更低的Mn/Fe值；同时南海边缘海结核也具有较快的平均生长速率及较高的δCe正异常，表明其生长在更为氧化的海水环境。虽然较快的沉积物沉积速率和动荡的海水环境影响了南海边缘海结核的成矿，但大量陆源物质进入海洋也为南海边缘海结核提供了丰富的成矿物质来源，便于南海边缘海结核的快速生长成矿。南海边缘海结核富集有Fe、Ti、Pb、Rb、Th和REY等金属元素，同样可以作为极具潜力的海洋矿产资源。南海边缘海多金属结核具有其独特的地球化学特征，与大洋多金属结核存在着明显差异。  相似文献   

蛇绿岩型铬铁矿中金刚石的浅源成因     

夏群科  Farré-de-Pablo J  Proenza J A  González-Jiménez J M  Garcia-Casco A  Colás V  Roqué-RossellJ  Camprubí A 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(1)

<正>蛇绿混杂岩中的橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现有大量的显微金刚石(microdiamond),其通常伴有超高压矿物组合(柯石英、斯石英等),这对于认识地球深部物质循环及动力学过程具有重要的指示意义。然而,实验表明,金刚石可以形成在低温低压环境(石墨稳定  相似文献   

New observations and transit solutions of the inflated exoplanets HAT-P-40b and HAT-P-51b     

Diana P.Kjurkchieva  Nikola I.Petrov  Velimir A.Popov 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(2)

We present high-precision photometric observations of the transiting exoplanets HAT-P-40 b and HAT-P-51 b by the Rozhen 2-m telescope.The newly-observed transit of HAT-P-40 b is the first one with a complete curve.The orbital periods of the two targets were improved.We modeled the observed transits and found bigger stellar radii than those derived from the stellar models.The planet radii of HATP-40 b and HAT-P-51 b obtained from our transit solutions are bigger than the values calculated by the empirical relations for Jupiter-mass and Saturn-mass planets respectively.Their values reveal the highlyinflated nature of the two targets,especially that of HAT-P-51 b.We established that the best transit solutions correspond to a quadratic limb-darkening law.The fitted limb-darkening coefficients of HAT-P-40 are close to the theoretical ones while those of HAT-P-51 are a little different.The precise astrometric Gaia distances of the two targets are smaller by 6%–7%than the calculated values from the stellar models.We propose the Gaia distances to be used for improvement of the stellar models as well as for more reliable calculation of the parameters of the known exoplanets.  相似文献   

一种优化的频率域三维声波有限差分模拟方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

范娜  成景旺  秦雷  赵连锋  谢小碧  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1095-1108

为提高频率域有限差分（FD，finite-difference）正演模拟技术的计算精度和效率，基于旋转坐标系统的优化差分格式被广泛应用，但是只应用于正方形网格的情况.基于平均导数法（ADM）的优化差分格式，应用于正方形和长方形网格模拟.这些频率域有限差分算子，各自具有不同的差分格式和对应的优化系数求解表达式.本文基于三维声波方程发展了一种新的优化方法，只要给定FD模板形式，可直接构造频散方程，求取FD模板上各节点的优化系数.此方法的优点在于频率域FD算子的优化系数对应各个节点，可扩展优化其他格式.运用此优化方法，计算得到了不同空间采样间距比情况下27点和7点格式的优化系数.数值实验表明，优化27点格式与ADM 27点格式具有相同的精度，优化7点格式比经典的7点格式具有更小的数值频散.  相似文献   

Differentiated payments for environmental services schemes: Amethodology proposal     

Carlos R.AGUILAR-GóMEZ  Sergio FRANCO-MAASS  Tizbe T.ARTEAGA-REYES 《山地科学学报》2018,15(8):1693-1710

Payment schemes for environmental services face serious budget constraints in Mexico. Payments are equally distributed among forest owners, and the governmental agencies that make payments to beneficiaries do not evaluate the amount of environmental services produced by forested areas. This lack of evaluation could lead to economic and environmental deficiencies that restrict the possible benefits of such programmes. In general, these programmes do not achieve their conservation objectives, and local beneficiaries are not involved in the design or application of these programmes. Similarly, the Payments for Hydrological Environmental Services (PHES) programme of the State of Mexico, Mexico, makes equal payments to beneficiaries of forested areas considering tree density. The objective of the present work was to create a methodology for determining differentiated payments schemes for hydrological environmental services, prioritising areas that contribute the most to groundwater recharge and promote the participation of society. In the Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area, the environmental criteria of forest type, tree density and aquifer overexploitation as well as social participation were considered in a multi-criteria analysis implemented in a Geographic Information System. A methodology was developed to determine differentiated payments based on specific forest characteristics that influence the potential capacity of forests to recharge groundwater reserves in addition to the level of social participation. In particular, social participation is key as it could ensure the viability of PHES programmes as conservation alternatives in forested areas with high groundwater recharge potential.  相似文献   

卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王研  徐腾飞  李淑江  Susanto R. Dwi  Agustiadi Teguh  Trenggono Mukti  谭伟  魏泽勋 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):47-57

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.  相似文献   

页岩压裂过程的连续时域电磁法动态监测试验（英文）     

严良俊  唐浩  陈孝雄  谢兴兵  周磊  王中兴  胡文宝 《应用地球物理》2018,(1)

页岩气开发水压过程中监测裂缝的空间展布对页岩气稳产高产并指导压裂至关重要。常规的时移地震、井间地震及微震监测不但成本高,监测效果显示周期长,且不能直观展示压裂液的平面和空间形态的动态变化。本试验研究首先对压裂液及压裂液充填的岩样进行了电性测试与分析,发现其具有极低阻与高极化特征,表明可控源电磁法进行页岩压裂过程的动态监测有着良好的电性基础。其次,基于试验区井震资料建立的地电模型,通过改变储层电性进行正演模拟,研究了电场分量的变化规律,提出了瞬变电磁法动态监测的归一化残差电阻率成像方法。最后,以时移电磁长偏移距瞬变电磁阵列法为手段,在我国南方涪陵页岩开发区水平压裂井上进行了连续时域电磁法动态监测试验。通过参研单位高度协同,采取了大功率与数百道阵列观测方式,获取了埋深在2800米处三个压裂段上方地面224个物理点近9个小时的电场时间序列数据。处理结果表明,该方法能有效观测到压裂液引起的电场信号变化。通过残差处理与电阻率成像,获取了储层改造过程的动态图像,结合地震、测井与水平井位的标定,解释了压裂液平面和空间展布,其结果对页岩气有效压裂与安全开采有重要指导意义,展示出连续时域电磁法在页岩气开发的压裂监测中有着广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

Depth of closure: New calculation method based on sediment data     

Luis Aragonés  Jose Ignacio Pagán  Isabel López  José C.Serra 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):198-207

Obtaining depth of closure (DoC) in an accurate manner is a fundamental issue for coastal engineering, since good results for coastal structures and beach nourishment depend mainly on DoC. Currently, there are two methods for obtaining the DoC, mathematical formulations and profile surveys. However, these methods can incur important errors if one does not take into account the characteristics and morphology of the area, or if one does not have a sufficiently long time series. In this work the DoC is obtained from the break in the trend of the sediment with the depth, that is, in general with the increase of the depth a decrease in the size of the sediment takes place. However, at one point this tendency changes and the size increases, and then decreases again. When comparing the point where the minimum sediment size occurs before the increase, it is observed that the error incurred is small compared to other methods. If the Standard Deviation of Depth Change (SDDC) method is considered as the most accurate method, the error incurred by the proposed method is less than 7%. In addition, it can be seen that the dispersion of the sediment method always occurs outside the zone of bar movement. Whereas in the methods of profiles survey (using 2 cm precision profiles), sometimes the DoC is obtained within the active zone of bar movement. In addition, where the relative minimum of the median sediment size is found, and the sizes of 0.063 and 0.125 mm predominate in the composition of the sample. Therefore, this new method allows the precise location of the DoC to be obtained in a fast and simple way. Furthermore, this method has the advantage that it is not affected by the modifications that may be experienced by both the study area and the cross-shore beach profile.  相似文献   

基于环境噪声的地幔间断面体波成像研究     

P.Poli  M.Campillo  H.Pedersen  李自芮 《世界地震译丛》2018,(1)

地震环境噪声互相关广泛用于地球岩石层的高分辨率面波成像。对在地球内部传播的地震体波进行类似观测将为我们打开一扇了解地球深部的窗口。本文介绍了如何利用地幔过渡带的顶部(410km)和底部(660km)间断面反射的P波噪声互相关来观测该地幔过渡带。数据表明,不利用震源也可绘制地幔过渡带高分辨率图像。  相似文献   

新的免费软件:钻孔地震数据处理与解释     

M.Farfour  W.J.Yoon  赵雷  燕云  赵龙梅  孙宏志 《世界地震译丛》2018,(1)

在地下成像和储层特征化中,垂直地震剖面(VSP)测量是一个重要的工具,这项技术可以使地球物理学家推断出其他方法无法获取的关键信息。MVSP是一个新的、具有图形用户界面(GUI)的MATLAB工具,用于垂直地震剖面炮点建模、数据处理和解释。该软件处理垂直地震剖面数据,从加载和预处理阶段到廊道绘图,以及集成测井数据和地震数据的最终阶段。一些地震和信号处理工具箱被集成和修改,以适应并完善处理和显示的软件包。开发该软件的主要动机是为地球科学领域的新地学科学家和学生提供免费软件,它将所有垂直地震剖面模块汇集成一个易于使用的软件包。该软件有几个模块,允许用户测试、处理、比较、可视化和生成可发布的结果。该软件开发成一个独立的MATLAB应用程序,只需要MATLAB Compiler Runtime(MCR)即可运行完整的功能。我们将详细介绍MVSP,并使用该软件来创建合成的垂直地震剖面数据。然后使用不同的可用工具来处理这些数据。并使用该软件加载和完全处理实际数据。最后,将该数据和测井数据相结合以进行更详细的分析和解释。为了评估该软件处理流程的准确性,使用商业软件处理相同的数据。对处理结果的比较表明,MVSP在处理垂直地震剖面数据方面和目前工业中使用的商业软件包同样高效,并且能提供相似高质量的处理后的数据。  相似文献