Aussprachebemerkung zu den ozeanographischen Vorträgen     

Otto Pratje 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1939,30(3):383-383

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Noble gases and mineralogy of meteorites from China and the Grove Mountains,Antarctica: A 0.05 Ma cosmic ray exposure age of GRV 98004     

Silvio Lorenzetti  Yangting Lin  Daode Wang  Otto Eugster 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2003,38(8):1243-1253

Abstract— We determined the mineralogical and chemical characteristics and the He, Ne, and Ar isotopic abundances of 2 meteorites that fell in China and of 2 meteorites that were recovered by the 15th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. Guangmingshan (H5), Zhuanghe (H5), and Grove Mountain (GRV) 98002 (L5) yield cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of 68.7 ± 10.0 Ma, 3.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 17.0 ± 2.5 Ma, respectively. These ages are within the range typically observed for the respective meteorite types. GRV 98004 (H5) had an extremely short parent body‐Earth transfer time of 0.052 ± 0.008 Ma. Its petrography and mineral chemistry are indistinguishable from other typical H5 chondrites. Only 3 other meteorites exist with similarly low CRE ages: Farmington (L5), Galim (LL6), and ALH 82100 (CM2). We show that several asteroids in Earth‐crossing orbits, or in the main asteroid belt with orbits close to an ejection resonance, are spectrally matching candidates and may represent immediate precursor bodies of meteorites with CRE ages ≤0.1 Ma.  相似文献   

Variations in the fatty acid profile of marine animals caused by environmental and developmental changes     

Otto Grahl-Nielsen  Trygg Barnung 《Marine environmental research》1985,17(2-4)

A method for the assessment of the fatty acid profile in single eggs or larvae of marine fish has been developed. The method, which only requires 50 μg or less of tissue, is based on methanolysis, high-resolution gas chromatography and multivariate data-analysis. In four examples employing cod eggs and larvae, shrimp and periwinkles it is demonstrated that the fatty acid profile changes with changes in the environment, like temperature change, and also with man-induced changes, like oil-pollution. The fatty acid profile of cod eggs is shown to change during the development from newly spawned to just before hatching.  相似文献   

Uranus: Disk structure within the 7300-Å methane band     

Michael J. Price  Otto G. Franz 《Icarus》1979,39(3):459-472

Orthogonal narrow-band (100 Å) photoelectric slit scan photometry of Uranus has been used to infer the basic two-dimensional structure of the disk within the 7300-Å methane band. Numerical image reconstruction and restoration techniques have been applied to quantitatively estimate the degrees of polar and limb brightening on the planet. Through partial removal of atmospheric smearing, an effective spatial resolution of approximately 0.9 arcsec has been achieved. Peak polar, limb, and central intensities on the disk are in the respective proportions 3:2:1. In addition, the bright polar feature is displaced from the geometric pole towards the equator of the planet.  相似文献   

Do the Austrian blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) support the typological approach of the EU water framework directive?     

Thomas Ofenbck  Otto Moog  Manfred Car 《Limnologica》2002,32(3):255

The Austrian blackfly fauna were analysed with regard to spatial (ecoregions, bioregions), vertical (altitude classes) and longitudinal zonation characteristics [stream order, biocoenotic (= fish) regions] on the basis of 2600 investigation sites. Of a total of 45 species recorded, Simulium ornatum, S. variegatum, S. argyreatum and S. reptans are the most common and most frequently distributed species, occurring in 60% of the investigated sites. Although the Austrian blackfly fauna seem to be quite well documented (on average one investigation site per 32 km²) the jackknife analyses indicates that there are still some fauna deficits. Whereas the species diversity of the main ecoregions is quite similar, the number of species differs clearly between the bioregions. Within the typological context of the Water Framework Directive, the Austrian Simuliidae confirm the bioregions as the most useful spatial units for river typology. A further optimisation in predicting a target list of blackfly species of a site can be achieved by subdividing the bioregions into either catchment area and altitude classes or into longitudinal zonation types (biocoenotic regions).  相似文献   

Correlation between rainfall and landslides in Nova Friburgo,Rio de Janeiro—Brazil: a case study     

Nathalia Silva de Oliveira  Otto Correia Rotunno Filho  Edilson Marton  Corbiniano Silva 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(20):1358

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Fish eggs and larvae of the Chesapeake Bay: Observations on the problem of identifying field mortalities of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae from preserved samples     

Robert G. Otto  Jeffrey A. Boggs 《Estuaries and Coasts》1983,6(2):167-171

This study considered the rate at which striped bass larvae disintegrate following death as well as the ability of experienced taxonomists to distinguish larvae which were liver or dead on collection from preserved samples. The rate of disintegration was dependent on age (size) of the larvae with pro-larvae being unrecognizable in 8 to 16 h following death (17 to 19°C). Post-larvae decomposed somewhat more slowly, but were unrecognizable as to species after 16 h. Experienced taxonomists were unable to distinguish pro- and post-larvae which had been live or dead prior to preservation. However, the viability of metamorphosed larvae could readily be distinguished.  相似文献   

Estimating groundwater recharge rates in the southeastern Holstein region, northern Germany     

Roland Otto 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(5):498-511

In the southeastern Holstein region, located to the east of the metropolitan zone of Hamburg, northern Germany, a groundwater investigation program was conducted from 1984 to 2000 by the State Agency for Nature and Environment (Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt, LANU) of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, with the aim of providing long-term, ecologically acceptable groundwater management plans for the region. The focal point of the investigation comprised the determination of groundwater recharge rates. The investigation method was based on the transfer of available lysimeter results from other regions to comparable regions within the area studied. With the help of lysimeter equations, potential amounts of percolation water were calculated. The groundwater recharge rate was then determined after subtraction of the surface runoff which was calculated for the entire area. All computations were performed with a spreadsheet program. Groundwater recharge rates were calculated for two areas. One consisted of roughly determining groundwater recharge rates for the total region (1,392 km²) of southeastern Holstein. The overall goal of these investigations was to identify potential areas of water exploitation. Areas in which groundwater recharge rates are high and groundwater outflow is low are particularly suited to water exploitation, since inflow rates into deeper aquifers are high. These areas are located on the flanks of the Elbe and Stecknitz River valleys. Subsurface groundwater runoff to these lowlands would be reduced through groundwater withdrawal. However, the resulting decline in shallow groundwater tables would be so small that it would have no detrimental ecological effects. Groundwater recharge rates were also calculated for a 110-km² area in the outskirts of Hamburg (Grosshansdorf model area) which is intensively developed for water supply. These investigations showed that the amount of groundwater recharge is already being withdrawn to a large extent. Approximately 65% of the recharge rate is currently withdrawn by the waterworks in this area, thus making further increases in exploitation rates unjustifiable from an ecological point of view. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Die Schlickgebiete der Deutschen Bucht und die Beziehungen zwischen Strömung und Sediment     

Otto Pratje 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1934,25(3):145-160

Zusammenfassung Fassen wir zum Schluß die Ergebnisse unserer Betrachtungen zusammen, die im einzelnen keine Vollständigkeit erstrebt haben, sondern nur die Möglichkeiten aufzeigen wollten, wie die sedimentbeeinflussenden Strömungen verändert und wie ihre Wirkungen überdeckt werden können. Sie sind starken Beeinflussungen durch Hindernisse unterworfen, so daß sie sich örtlich ändern können und damit auch einen Wechsel in den Sedimenten bedingen. Die Beziehungen zwischen Strömung und Sediment können erst dann erwartet werden, wenn die Zeit der Wechselwirkung ausgereicht hat, um das Gleichgewicht herzustellen. Eine weitere Voraussetzung ist das Material, das durch seine Korngrößen in der Lage sein muß, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten eindeutig abzubilden. Das bezieht sich sowohl auf das zurückbleibende Sediment wie auf die bewegten Sinkstoffe. Abweichungen von der normalen Transportkraft der Strömungen werden durch das Relief in auf- und absteigenden Strömen und durch die Wassereigenschaften in verschieden dichten Wasserarten gefunden. Weitere, mehr willkürliche Verfälschungen gehen von den Organismen aus.Verschleierungen durch andere Einflüsse sind also bei den Beziehungen zwischen Strömung und Sediment möglich, dennoch sind die Beziehungen überall vorhanden, und die Strömungen sind, allgemein gesprochen, der stärkste Faktor bei der Gestaltung der Ablagerungen.24. Beitrag: Annalen der Hydrographie usw., 1934.  相似文献   

Stratigraphische Methodik und Terminologie     

Otto H. Schindewolf 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1960,49(1):1-35

Zusammenfassung Als Einführung in das Verhandlungsthema der Jahrestagung wird ein Überblick über die Grundlagen der Zeitrechnung in der Geologie und über die gegenwärtigen Tendenzen der Stratigraphie gegeben. Gegenüber den amerikanischen Bestrebungen, die Einheit der Stratigraphie aufzusplittern in zahlreiche Spezial-disziplinen mit eigenen Begriffs-Hierarchien und einer Unzahl von Namen, sucht Verf. mit einem Mindestmaß unbedingt erforderlicher Kategorien auszukommen.Da absolute Altersbestimmungen in der praktischen Stratigraphie leider nur beschränkt anwendbar sind, besteht ihr Kernstück in der Biostratigraphie. Sie, und zwar sie allein, erfüllt die zu stellenden Anforderungen weltweiter Anwend-barkeit und der Lieferung zuverlässiger relativer Zeitwerte. Die sogenannte Chronostratigraphie ist mit ihr zusammenzufassen, da sie nicht über eine logische Begründung und eine eigene Methodik verfügt. Die Lithostratigraphie liefert lediglich den Rohstoff für eine stratigraphische, d. h. zeitliche Ordnung und Datierung der Gesteine. Sie ist selbst keine Stratigraphie im engeren Sinne, da sie den Zeitfaktor definitionsgemäß außer Betracht läßt. Chronologie ist eine logisch selbständige Kategorie; sie hat es nicht mit konkreten Gesteinen, sondern mit rein zeitlichen Abstraktionen zu tun. Eine besondere Klasse von Begriffen für ihre Einheiten wird nicht für notwendig gehalten. Die übrigen Stratigraphien sind der Biostratigraphie ein- und unterzuordnen oder aus der eigentlichen Stratigraphie auszuscheiden.  相似文献