The origin of large varioles in flow-banded pillow lava from the Hooggenoeg Complex,Barberton Greenstone Belt,South Africa     

Nils Rune Sandstå  Brian Robins  Harald Furnes  Maarten de Wit 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(2):365-377

Exceptionally well-preserved pillowed and massive phenocryst-free metabasaltic lava flows in the uppermost part of the Palaeoarchaean Hooggenoeg Complex of the Barberton Greenstone Belt exhibit both flow banding and large leucocratic varioles. The flow banding is defined by blebs and bands of pale and dark green metabasalt and was the result of mingling of two types of basalt (Robins et al. in Bull Volcanol 72:579–592, 2010a). Varioles occur exclusively in the dark chlorite-, MgO- and FeO-rich metabasalt. Varioles are absent in the outermost rinds of pillows and increase in both abundance and size towards the centres of pillows. In the central parts of some pillows, they impinge to form homogeneous pale patches, bands or almost homogenous cores. Individual varioles consist essentially of radially orientated or outwardly branching dendritic crystals of albite. Many varioles exhibit concentric zones and finer-grained rims. Some varioles seem to have grown around tiny vesicles and vesicles appear to have been trapped in others between a core and a finer-grained rim. The matrix surrounding the ocelli contains acicular pseudomorphs of actinolite and chlorite after chain-like, skeletal Ca-rich pyroxenes that are partly overgrown by the margins of varioles. Varioles are enriched in the chemical constituents of feldspar but contain concentrations of immobile TiO₂, Cr, Zr and REE that are similar to the host metabasalts. The shape, distribution, texture and composition of the varioles exclude liquid immiscibility and support an origin by spherulitic crystallisation of plagioclase from severely undercooled basalt melt and glass. Nucleation of plagioclase was strongly inhibited and took place on vesicles, on the bases of drainage cavities and along early fractures. Eruption in deep water and retention of relatively high concentrations of volatiles in the melt may be the principal cause of spherulitic crystallisation in the interiors of pillows rather than only in their margins as in younger submarine flows.  相似文献   

Petroleum geoscience in Norden - exploration, production and organization     

Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian Knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams 《《幕》》2008,31(1):115-124

Offshore exploration in Norway and Denmark-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Almost all these hydrocarbons come from a Jurassic source and the main reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle domes. The article describes four major fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Ormen Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate some of the many challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons.
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology.  相似文献   

Industrial minerals and rocks, aggregates and natural stones in the Nordic countries     

Kurt Johansson Rune B. Larsen Markku J. Lehtinen Lars Persson Mika Raeisaenen Stig A. Schack Pedersen Paer Weihed Nils-Gunnar Wik 《《幕》》2008,31(1):133-139

The Nordic countries, including Greenland, have a long tradition in mining. The industrial minerals sector is expanding in most Nordic countries and extensive development has taken place during the last few years. The main commodities mined are carbonate rocks, quartz, feldspar, apatite, olivine and talc.
A number of diferent types of dimension stones are quarried in all countries. Rock aggregates are increasingly important, replacing sand and gravel aggregate as construction materials in some countries due to the need to protect ground water supplies.  相似文献   

Relation between mass balance aperture and hydraulic properties from field experiments in fractured rock in Sweden     

Calle Hjerne  Rune Nordqvist 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(6):1285-1292

Results from tracer tests are often used to infer connectivity and transport properties in bedrock. However, the amount of site-specific data from tracer tests is often very limited, while data from hydraulic tests are more abundant. It is therefore of great interest for predictive transport modeling to use hydraulic data to infer transport properties. In this study, data from cross-hole tracer tests carried out in crystalline bedrock in Sweden were compiled and analysed. The tests were performed within investigations made by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) between 1978 and 2009 at five different locations. An empirical relationship between mass balance aperture and transmissivity was found and quantified by using 74 observations. The empirical relationship deviates considerably from the cubic law aperture, as mass balance aperture is found to be at least one order of magnitude larger than cubic law aperture. Hence, usage of cubic law aperture, derived from hydraulic testing, for transport predictions is unsuitable, as the advective transport time will be considerably underestimated. Another result, from the data set studied, is that mass balance aperture appears to correlate better to apparent storativity than to transmissivity.  相似文献   

Evolution of metamorphic volatiles during exhumation of microdiamond-bearing granulites in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rune B. Larsen  Elizabeth A. Eide  Ernst A. J. Burke 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,133(1-2):106-121

Fluid inclusions in garnet, kyanite and quartz from microdiamond-bearing granulites in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, document a conspicuous fluid evolution as the rocks were exhumed following Caledonian high- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphism. The most important of the various fluid mixtures and daughter minerals in these rocks are: (N₂ + CO₂ + magnesian calcite), (N₂ + CO₂ + CH₄ + graphite + magnesian calcite), (N₂ + CH₄), (N₂ + CH₄ + H₂O), (CO₂) and (H₂O + NaCl + CaCl₂ + nahcolite). Rutile also occurs in the N₂ + CO₂ inclusions as a product of titanium diffusion from the garnet host into the fluid inclusions. Volatiles composed of N₂ + CO₂ + magnesian calcite characterise the ambient metamorphic environment between HP–UHP (peak) and early retrograde metamorphism. During progressive decompression, the mole fraction of N₂ increased in the fluid mixtures; as amphibolite-facies conditions were reached, CH₄ and later, H₂O, appeared in the fluids, concomitant with the disappearance of CO₂ and magnesian calcite. Graphite is ubiquitous in the host lithologies and fluid inclusions. Thermodynamic modelling of the metamorphic volatiles in a graphite-buffered C-O-H system demonstrates that the observed metamorphic volatile evolution was attainable only if the f _O2 increased from c. −3.5 (±0.3) to −0.8 (±0.3) log units relative to the FMQ oxygen buffer. External introduction of oxidising aqueous solutions along a system of interconnected ductile shear zones adequately explains the dramatic increase in the f _O2. The oxidising fluids introduced during exhumation were likely derived from dehydration of oceanic crust and continental sediments previously subducted during an extended period of continental collision in conjunction with the Caledonian orogeny. Received: 15 December 1997 / Accepted: 25 May 1998  相似文献   

    

G. A. Rune et T. J. Kukkam?ki 《Journal of Geodesy》1951,25(4):447-457

Conclusion Au total, les travaux de la Section des Nivellements, à Bruxelles, où s’exerce l’art des nivellements, un véritable bouillonnement d’idées, hatant la solution de problèmes anciens, rénovant leur aspect, suscitant maintes tentative et réalisations inédites.  相似文献   

Report on gravity anomalies and levelling     

G. A. Rune 《Journal of Geodesy》1950,24(4):434-435

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Escape of fish under the fishing line of a Norwegian sampling trawl and its influence on survey results   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Engas  Arill; Godo  Olav Rune 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1989,45(3):269-276

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Diel variation in the catchability of gadoids and its influence on the reliability of abundance indices   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

Michalsen  Kathrine; Godo  Olav Rune; Ferno  Anders 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(2):389-395

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Transplantation-tagging-experiments in preliminary studies of migration of cod off Norway   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Godo  Olav Rune 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1995,52(6):955-962

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