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排序方式: 共有223条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
1.
Clara Lemos France Floc’h Marissa Yates Nicolas Le Dantec Vincent Marieu Klervi Hamon Véronique Cuq Serge Suanez Christophe Delacourt 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(9):1207-1220
Eleven-year long time series of monthly beach profile surveys and hourly incident wave conditions are analyzed for a macrotidal Low Tide Terrace beach. The lower intertidal zone of the beach has a pluriannual cycle, whereas the upper beach profile has a predominantly seasonal cycle. An equilibrium model is applied to study the variation of the contour elevation positions in the intertidal zone as a function of the wave energy, wave power, and water level. When forcing the model with wave energy, the predictive ability of the equilibrium model is around 60% in the upper intertidal zone but decreases to 40% in the lower intertidal zone. Using wave power increases the predictive ability up to 70% in both the upper and lower intertidal zones. However, changes around the inflection point are not well predicted. The equilibrium model is then extended to take into account the effects of the tide level. The initial results do not show an increase in the predictive capacity of the model, but do allow the model free parameters to represent more accurately the values expected in a macrotidal environment. This allows comparing the empirical model calibration in different tidal environment. The interpretation of the model free parameter variation across the intertidal zone highlights the behavior of the different zones along the intertidal beach profile. This contributes to a global interpretation of the four model parameters for beaches with different tidal ranges, and therefore to a global model applicable at a wide variety sites. 相似文献
2.
Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola 下载免费PDF全文
Sylvie Leroy Nadine Ellouz‐Zimmermann Jordane Corbeau Frédérique Rolandone Bernard Mercier de Lépinay Bertrand Meyer Roberte Momplaisir José‐Luis Granja Bruña Anne Battani Céline Baurion Evgueni Burov Valérie Clouard Rémy Deschamps Christian Gorini Youri Hamon Manfred Lafosse Jottin Leonel Laetitia Le Pourhiet Pilar Llanes Estrada Nicolas Loget Francis Lucazeau Daniel Pillot Jeffrey Poort Kevin R. Tankoo José‐Luis Cuevas José‐Fernando Alcaide Claude Jean Poix Alfonso Muñoz‐Martin Serge Mitton Yamil Rodriguez Julien Schmitz Leonardo Seeber Andres Carbo‐Gorosabel Santiago Muñoz 《地学学报》2015,27(6):467-478
We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a?1 has remained stable during the entire Quaternary. 相似文献
3.
Alice Schaffhauser Serge Payette Michelle Garneau Élisabeth C. Robert 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(3):428-441
The initiation and growth of boreal peatlands developed on well‐drained, sandy landforms are closely associated with podzolic soil paludification processes. The origin of Sphagnum bogs extending on large deltaic plains was examined to test the hypothesis of the dual impact of indurated (ortstein) podzols and fire on forest soil paludification and concurrent peatland initiation and expansion. Mineral soil, basal organic matter and peat monoliths were sampled for soil and macrofossil analyses along an 800‐m toposequence starting from a mixed‐wood boreal forest to a Sphagnum bog (Lebel bog, eastern Quebec, Canada), and ending at a peat dome in the thickest section of the peatland. Mineral soils along the toposequence are ortstein humo‐ferric podzols distributed in the forest environment and beneath Sphagnum peat in the bog, except at the peat dome. Initial peatland growth occurred c. 6000 cal. a BP. Soil paludification coincided with the cessation of fire occurrence as recorded in the organic and mineral layers preceding Sphagnum expansion. Unlike most temperate and boreal raised bogs, the Sphagnum bog developed directly from a forest environment without passing through a transitional fen stage. Conifer forests regenerated successively after several fires between 4200 and 1600 cal. a BP before bog expansion. Pre‐bog forests were composed of fire‐prone black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) trees, and ericaceous species. Given the distribution and thickness of ortstein horizons progressively decreasing and disappearing towards the peatland dome, growth and expansion of the Sphagnum bog was not caused by soil induration processes, which could have potentially impeded vertical and horizontal drainage. The development of indurated podzols outside and several hundred metres inside the peatland preceded the initiation and expansion of the Sphagnum bog. Cessation of fire activity appears to be a key factor facilitating the lateral expansion of the Sphagnum bog under wet soil conditions. 相似文献
4.
Borehole fluid injections are accompanied by microseismic activity not only during but also after termination of the fluid injection. Previously, this phenomenon has been analysed, assuming that the main triggering mechanism is governed by a linear pressure diffusion in a hydraulically isotropic medium. In this context the so‐called back front of seismicity has been introduced, which allows to characterize the hydraulic transport from the spatiotemporal distribution of post‐injection induced events. However, rocks are generally anisotropic, and in addition, fluid injections can strongly enhance permeability. In this case, permeability becomes a function of pressure. For such situations, we carry out a comprehensive study about the behaviour and parametrization of the back front. Based on a model of a factorized anisotropic pressure dependence of permeability, we present an approach to reconstruct the principal components of the diffusivity tensor. We apply this approach to real microseismic data and show that the back front characterizes the least hydraulic transport. To investigate the back front of non‐linear pore‐fluid pressure diffusion, we numerically consider a power‐law and an exponential‐dependent diffusivity. To account for a post‐injection enhanced hydraulic state of the rock, we introduce a model of a frozen (i.e., nearly unchanged after the stimulation) medium diffusivity and generate synthetic seismicity. We find that, for a weak non‐linearity and 3D exponential diffusion, the linear diffusion back front is still applicable. This finding is in agreement with microseismic data from Ogachi and Fenton Hill. However, for a strong non‐linear fluid–rock interaction such as hydraulic fracturing, the back front can significantly deviate from a time dependence of a linear diffusion back front. This is demonstrated for a data set from the Horn River Basin. Hence, the behaviour of the back front is a strong indicator of a non‐linear fluid–rock interaction. 相似文献
5.
To implement a numerical model of atoll lagoon circulation, we characterized first the significant wave height (Hs) regime of the Western Tuamotu Archipelago and the local attenuation due to the protection offered by large atolls in the south Tuamotu. Altimetry satellite data and a WAVEWATCH III two-way nested wave model at 5km resolution from 2000 to 2010 were used. Correlation between altimetry and model was high (0.88) over the period. According to the wave model, the archipelago inner seas experienced attenuated Hs year-long with a yearly average Hs around 1.3m vs a minimum of 1.6m elsewhere. The island shadow effect is especially significant in the austral winter. In contrast with southern atolls, Western Tuamotu experienced only few days per year of Hs larger than 2.5m generated by very high Hs southern swell, transient western local storms, strong easterly winds, and during the passage of distant hurricanes. 相似文献
6.
Serge von Bubnoff 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1949,37(1):60-71
Zusammenfassung Die epirogenetische Geschichte Osteuropas (Fennosarmatiens) läßt sich seit dem Kambrium in 11 Zyklen der Transgression und Regression gliedern, die vermutlich den PulsationenGrabaus entsprechen. Bei im allgemeinen gleichzeitigem und gleichsinnigem Verlauf zeigen sich regional gewisse Unterschiede oder Phasendifferenzen, indem einige stabilere Teile Sarmatiens die einzelnen Zyklen nur verzögert oder überhaupt nicht mitmachen. Diese Pulsationen sind nicht identisch mit den vom Verf. angenommenen Großzyklen Westeuropas, sondern werden von ihnen überlagert, allerdings in regelmäßiger Weise, derart, daß mehrere Pulsationen einen Großzyklus zusammensetzen. Durch diese Überlagerung entstehen Phasendivergenzen, welche den Gesamtvorgang komplizieren, ohne seine Gesetzmäßigkeit aufzuheben. Eine dritte Ursache für regionale Unterschiede besteht in dem vom Verf. schon früher betonten zyklischen Abdrehen der tektogenetischen Beanspruchung, welche zwischen alpidisch und uralisch wechselt. Da, entsprechend dem Großgefüge, im Westen die alpidische, im Osten die uralische Bewegungstendenz vorwiegt, entstehen zwangsläufig zeitliche Differenzen, die zu einer weiteren Komplikation des Bildes beitragen. Der Verf. legt aber Wert auf die Feststellung, daß diese Differenzen und Komplikationen in dem Wesen der zyklischen Prozesse begründet sind und ihre Gesetzmäßigkeit nicht nur nicht aufheben, sondern im Gegenteil dazu dienen können, die tieferen Ursachen des erdgeschichtlichen Rhythmus zu ergründen. 相似文献
7.
东海陆架的古河道和古三角洲 总被引:22,自引:5,他引:22
基于1996年中法东海海洋地质调查电火花单道地震资料,确定了晚更亲世早期和中期长江(黄河)水下三角洲的分布范围和大致时间。中更新世晚期东海陆架为一自西南向东北倾斜的河流冲积平原,晚更新世以来自西北方向的大型河流的三角洲受此控制主要发育在东北部较低地区。东海陆架较大古河道多发育在末次冰期中的亚间冰期(氧同位素3期)。 相似文献
8.
Viability theory for an ecosystem approach to fisheries 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
9.
Hua?YuEmail author Yingqian?Xiong Zhenxia?Liu Serge?Berné Chi-Yue?Huang Guodong?Jia 《Geo-Marine Letters》2008,28(3):131-136
Based on new and existing data on oxygen isotopes, alkenone-surface seawater temperature trends, planktonic foraminifers,
lithology, and clay mineral composition of piston cores, a distinct cooling event has been identified around 8,200 cal a b.p. in the middle Okinawa Trough, northwest Pacific. This corresponds to the 8,200 a b.p. cooling event recorded in many places of the Northern Hemisphere. During this event, the local temperature decreased by
1°C, and the δ18O value increased by 0.6‰. A strengthened Asian winter monsoon is the most probable cause for this event, which thus adds
further credibility to the contention that we are dealing here with a global phenomenon. 相似文献
10.
Deformation Patterns of an Accretionary Wedge in the Transition Zone from Subduction to Collision Offshore Southwestern Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Char-Shine Liu Benoit Deffontaines Chia-Yu Lu Serge Lallemand 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(1-2):123-137
Swath bathymetry data and seismic reflection profiles have been used to investigate details of the deformation pattern in the area offshore southwestern Taiwan where the Luzon subduction complex encroaches on the passive Chinese continental margin. Distinctive fold-and-thrust structures of the convergent zone and horst-and-graben structures of the passive margin are separated by a deformation front that extends NNW-ward from the eastern edge of the Manila Trench to the foot of the continental slope. This deformation front gradually turns into a NNE–SSW trending direction across the continental slope and the Kaoping Shelf, and connects to the frontal thrusts of the mountain belt on land Taiwan. However, the complex Penghu submarine canyon system blurs the exact location of the deformation front and nature of many morphotectonic features offshore SW Taiwan. We suggest that the deformation front offshore SW Taiwan does not appear as a simple structural line, but is characterized by a series of N–S trending folds and thrusts that terminate sequentially in an en-echelon pattern across the passive Chinese continental slope. A number of NE–SW trending lineaments cut across the fold-and-thrust structures of the frontal accretionary wedge and exhibit prominent dextral displacement indicative of the lateral expulsion of SW Taiwan. One of the prominent lineaments, named the Yung-An lineament, forms the southeastern boundary of the upper part of the Penghu submarine canyon, and has conspicuous influence over the drainage pattern of the canyon 相似文献