结合变差纹理特征的极化SAR建筑物震害信息提取          下载免费PDF全文

肖修来  翟玮  郭晓  张皓然 《地震工程学报》2020,42(2):568-578

快速评估建筑物地震灾害信息对地震应急救援工作有着指导意义,而极化SAR具有全天候、全天时的特点,因此利用极化SAR图像提取震害信息已逐渐成为研究热点。虽然极化SAR具有丰富的极化信息,但其纹理信息不可忽略,尤其是完好的人工建筑物在图像上呈现规则的纹理特征,而倒塌建筑区域纹理分布杂乱,因此结合纹理信息也可以很好地提取建筑物信息。以2010年玉树地区的全极化SAR数据为研究对象,首先,利用Yamaguchi分解的体散射分量PV提取了SAR图像中的建筑物区域以及道路、水系等非建筑物信息,在此基础上,对相干散射矩阵T11分量中倒塌建筑物、完好建筑区域进行变差计算,根据变差曲线确定变程a后,再对建筑物区域采取窗口m*m(m=3*a)进行变差计算得到变差纹理信息,最后利用FCM算法对变差纹理信息分别提取完好建筑物和倒塌建筑物区域,为了对比分析,文章利用Yamaguchi分解的二次散射分量PD提取完好建筑物区域,与震后光学遥感图像对应样本点进行人工验证,得到完好建筑物的提取精度为80.18%,倒塌建筑物的提取精度为84.54%,道路水系的提取精度为77.58%。  相似文献   

地理大数据挖掘——目标、内涵与研究问题     

裴韬  宋辞  郭思慧  舒华  刘亚溪  杜云艳  马廷  周成虎 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(2):251-266

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Detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters in origin-destination flows using ant colony optimization     

Ci Song  Ting Ma  Yunyan Du  Hua Shu  Sihui Guo 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(1):134-154

An origin-destination (OD) flow can be defined as the movement of objects between two locations. These movements must be determined for a range of purposes, and strong interactions can be visually represented via clustering of OD flows. Identification of such clusters may be useful in urban planning, traffic planning and logistics management research. However, few methods can identify arbitrarily shaped flow clusters. Here, we present a spatial scan statistical approach based on ant colony optimization (ACO) for detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters of OD flows (AntScan_flow). In this study, an OD flow cluster is defined as a regional pair with significant log likelihood ratio (LLR), and the ACO is employed to detect the clusters with maximum LLRs in the search space. Simulation experiments based on AntScan_flow and SaTScan_flow show that AntScan_flow yields better performance based on accuracy but requires a large computational demand. Finally, a case study of the morning commuting flows of Beijing residents was conducted. The AntScan_flow results show that the regions associated with moderate- and long-distance commuting OD flow clusters are highly consistent with subway lines and highways in the city. Additionally, the regions of short-distance commuting OD flow clusters are more likely to exhibit ‘residential-area to work-area’ patterns.  相似文献   

矿物组分对龙马溪组页岩动、静态弹性特征的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王斌  邓继新  刘喜武  潘建国  王佳庆  肖顺垚 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4833-4845

龙马溪组页岩是目前国内页岩气勘探的主要层位之一,其静态弹性性质是影响压裂效果的重要因素,而动态弹性性质则是页岩"甜点"地震预测的重要基础.但对龙马溪组页岩动、静态弹性特征相互关系及其影响因素缺少对比研究,致使运用动态弹性性质进行"甜点"预测时存在不确定性.在对龙马溪组页岩样品系统动、静态性质联合测量基础上,分析了页岩样品动、静态弹性性质的变化规律,并讨论了成岩作用与动、静态弹性性质变化规律的因果关系.研究结果表明,龙马溪组页岩上下两段成岩过程存在明显差异,致使上段页岩在结构上表现为以塑性黏土颗粒作为受力骨架,而下段页岩在结构上逐渐转变为脆性石英颗粒作为受力骨架.页岩岩石结构特征的变化控制了动、静态弹性特征的整体变化规律,表现为动、静态杨氏模量、峰值强度等随石英含量的增大表现出近似"V"型的变化形式,而与钙质含量变化呈现正相关关系,与黏土含量变化表现出负相关性.上段页岩宏观力学性质受微观石英+黏土颗粒集合体弹性性质控制,应力应变曲线表现出明显塑性段,动、静态杨氏模量比大于1.4,破裂易于发生在黏土与石英颗粒边界形成宏观单剪型破裂模式,样品脆性低,且脆性变化不受石英含量的影响.下段页岩宏观力学性质受微观石英颗粒集合体弹性性质控制,应力应变曲线表现为弹性变形,动、静态杨氏模量比小于1.4,破裂发生在石英颗粒内部形成宏观劈裂型破裂模式,样品脆性高,且脆性变化与石英含量呈明显正相关关系.研究结果可为龙马溪页气储层的测井解释和地震"甜点"预测提供依据.  相似文献   

基于沉积过程的数字岩石建模方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

田志  肖立志  廖广志  董虎  田守嶒  宋先知 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):248-259

本文提出模拟地层沉积及成岩过程的矿物沉积算法,建立数字岩石模型,并通过对比Micro-CT扫描图像和数值模型的局部孔隙度及平均渗流概率函数分布特征,评价建模的准确性.结果表明,由二维扫描提取的粒径信息作为输入参数,模拟矿物沉积过程建模得到的三维数字岩石模型,能够准确重构原始岩心的非均质性及渗流特性,成功应用于泥质砂岩、碳酸盐岩、页岩等存在多矿物或多尺度孔隙的数字岩石建模中.数字岩石物理是正在兴起的重要技术.数字岩石采用超高分辨率先进成像装备,采集和表征微纳尺度岩石结构,在岩石弹性、电性、核磁、渗流特性等数值计算中发挥重要作用.但是,由于三维直接成像在有限视域内难以表征足够的岩石非均质性,提取二维结构统计特征,利用统计或地质过程法重构具有代表性的三维岩石结构成为十分有价值的研究课题,而且,对业界大量存在的岩石薄片及电镜高清二维图像的深度开发应用也具有重要的现实意义.本文发展的新方法,复原沉积过程,较好地解决了孔隙尺度岩石物理定量研究中数值建模与理论计算的技术瓶颈.  相似文献   

基于栅格的关中平原城市群人居环境质量综合评价          下载免费PDF全文

魏献花  白永平  车磊  王栋  效瑞  张文娴 《干旱区地理》2019,42(5):1176-1184

基于自然与人文多重栅格数据，构建人居环境质量综合指数评价模型，分析2015年关中平原城市群人居环境的空间分异格局，并对人口分布与人居环境质量的协同性进行探讨。结果表明：(1)人居自然环境呈现出自东向西，由山地、高原向平原、谷地依次递减的空间分布格局，受地形影响最为明显，地形起伏度与人居自然环境呈负相关关系。(2)人居人文环境表现出平原低、山区高，城镇高于乡村的空间分布格局，受城市行政层级影响显著。(3)关中平原城市群人居环境综合质量指数介于0.216～0.716之间，呈现出以关中平原、汾河谷地向外梯级递减的带状空间分布格局。(4)关中平原城市群人口密度与人居环境质量空间分布显著一致，总体呈现出平原高于山地，城市高于乡村的空间分布规律，人居环境质量越高，人口密度越大，土地利用也越充分。  相似文献   

非迁移潮作用下的电离层赤道异常区单峰现象及其经度分布          下载免费PDF全文

田耀宇  郝永强  张东和  肖佐 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4067-4081

当喷泉效应较弱而双峰结构发展不充分的时候，可能在赤道异常区仅能够观测到一个电子密度的峰值，称之为单峰现象.本文利用CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload卫星在2001-2010年的电子密度数据给出了单峰的发生规律，单峰在地方时早上08：00-10：00和下午16：00-19：00发生率高，发生位置在经度上呈现多波数分布，尤其在10：00-18：00明显：在分季时多呈现四波，而在冬至季时以三波为主.单峰发生多的经度，正好对应着双峰的结构特征较弱之处.究其原因，是非迁移潮的DE2和DE3分量调制了背景风场和大气发电机电场，在电场和喷泉效应减弱的经度，双峰结构难以形成时，就会表现为单峰结构.本文扩展了对单峰现象的地方时、季节和经度分布等规律的了解，明确了非迁移潮在其中施加的影响，由此，单峰同双峰现象一样可以用于研究非迁移潮对热层-电离层的作用.  相似文献   

Mapping 3D visibility in an urban street environment from mobile LiDAR point clouds     

Yi Zhao  Jianping Wu  Song Shu  Handong Liang  Min Liu 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(6):797-812

ABSTRACT

Visibility determination is a key requirement in a wide range of national and urban applications, such as national security, landscape management, and urban design. Mobile LiDAR point clouds can depict the urban built environment with a high level of details and accuracy. However, few three-dimensional visibility approaches have been developed for the street-level point-cloud data. Accordingly, an approach based on mobile LiDAR point clouds has been developed to map the three-dimensional visibility at the street level. The method consists of five steps: voxelization of point-cloud data, construction of lines-of-sight, construction of sectors of sight, construction of three-dimensional visible space, and calculation of volume index. The proposed approach is able to automatically measure the volume of visible space and openness at any viewpoint along a street. This approach has been applied to three study areas. The results indicated that the proposed approach enables accurate simulation of visible space as well as high-resolution (1 m × 1 m) mapping of the visible volume index. The proposed approach can make a contribution to the improvement of urban planning and design processes that aim at developing more sustainable built environments.  相似文献   

Environmental impact of fluidized solidified silt casting on surrounding water bodies     

Yunquan Li  Silin Wu  Shi Shu  Yiyan Lv  Yan Cui 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(5):604-610

Abstract

With the growing demand for underwater refill engineering, the construction technology of implementing fluidized solidification in underwater pouring has recently received increased attention. However, the environmental impact of underwater casting on surrounding water bodies, especially when the silt is polluted, is still unclear. In this study, a simulated underwater pouring test and a static immersion release test were conducted separately to study the quality of the surrounding water during and after pouring. The results showed that fluidized-solidified silt casting could increase the pH of the surrounding water, even after the pouring had stopped, by approximately 1.0 and the turbidity could reach 200 NTU. No diffusion of Zn and Cu into the surrounding water was observed and while Ni and Cr exhibited slight diffusion, this was at a level well below international water quality standard. During construction, reducing the distance from the seafloor to the bottom of the pouring catheter could reduce the level of pollution. After construction, the use of neutral solidified materials can effectively reduce the pH of the surrounding water and the potential risk of heavy metal dissolution.  相似文献   

冰冻圈服务综合区划理论与方法     

林浩曦  黄金川  效存德  漆潇潇  陈云谦 《地理学报》2020,75(3):631-646

冰冻圈是全球气候系统的主要圈层之一,既具有不可替代的气候效应,又维系着寒旱地区社会经济和自然生态系统良好运行,而中国是中低纬度地区冰川、积雪、冻土发育程度最高的国家。长期以来,针对冰冻圈“致害性”的研究众多,而聚焦冰冻圈服务的“致利性”研究则相对滞后,在此背景下着眼于人类福祉的冰冻圈服务识别与综合区划研究成为冰冻圈科学、人地系统可持续发展等的关键科学问题之一,也是目前迫切需要开展的研究方向。首先,确定以地域分异规律理论、人地关系地域系统理论、集合论和信息编码论等跨学科理论为研究基础;尔后,构建面向综合区划研究的冰冻圈服务分类体系,先以供需均衡模型为核心进行单项服务重要性空间识别,再以服务最大化模型为指导,通过区位熵算法判定冰冻圈主导服务的空间分布;最后,以三维魔方展开法为核心制定冰冻圈服务综合区划方案,将研究区划分多重空间层级、彼此独立完整、相互联系密切的冰冻圈服务单元。综上,形成综合自然供给和人文需求因素且适应地区特色的冰冻圈服务空间识别与综合区划技术体系和方法流程,为冰冻圈服务供给与社会经济发展需要架起一座桥梁,是满足国家重大战略需求和合理利用冰冻圈服务的必由之路。  相似文献