巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面近地层湍流强度和陆面过程特征     

郑新倩  杨帆  李超凡  潘红林  吉春容  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  霍文  杨兴华  周成龙 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):103-112

利用巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面2013年7、10月和2014年1、4月的湍流通量资料，计算并分析了研究区近地层湍流强度，同时针对风速分量、温度、水汽和CO₂归一化标准差随稳定度的变化关系和总体输送系数等陆面过程特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）风速各分量的湍流强度均随风速的增加逐渐减小，风速处于2 m·s^-1以下时湍流发展最为旺盛。湍流强度主要由水平方向风速分量决定，垂直方向风速的作用较小，且近中性和不稳定层结利于湍流的发展。与其他地区相比，平坦且没有建筑物的沙漠地区，机械湍流较弱，湍流强度相应较小。（2）风速各分量的归一化标准差与稳定度（z/L）均满足1/3次方函数规律，其中垂直方向风速分量的拟合曲线方程较好。（3）动量输送系数C_d具有明显的夏季高、冬季低的变化状态且各月的日变化形态均呈夜间低、日间高的循环形态。热量输送系数C_h的不同月份日变化间并没有明显的排列次序，且日出日落前后具有明显的波动。不稳定层结时，C_d和C_h均随风速的增加逐渐减小；稳定层结时，C_d和C_h均随着风速的增加逐渐上升。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干荒漠-绿洲过渡带尘卷风活动特征——以肖塘为例     

马明杰  杨兴华  何清  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  周成龙  霍文 《中国沙漠》2019,39(2):115-121

利用1992-2011年塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带肖塘气象站的观测资料，分析了该地区尘卷风的年、月变化规律及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明：（1）1992-2011年尘卷风发生日数总体呈波动递减趋势；尘卷风主要发生在3-9月，占全年总日数的90.9%，其中4-7月占全年总日数的70%左右。（2）尘卷风月发生日数随月平均地表与1.5 m高处温差的增大而线性增加（r=0.875，P<0.01）。（3）尘卷风月发生日数随着月平均风速的增大而幂函数增加（r=0.89，P<0.01）。（4）尘卷风月发生日数随月平均相对湿度的增大而线性减少（r=-0.869，P<0.01）。  相似文献   

A nonstationary extreme value distribution for analysing the cessation of karst spring discharge          下载免费PDF全文

Yan Liu  Yonghong Hao  Yonghui Fan  Tongke Wang  Xueli Huo  Youcun Liu  Tian‐Chyi J. Yeh 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5251-5258

The effects of climate change and population growth in recent decades are leading us to consider their combined and potentially extreme consequences, particularly regarding hydrological processes, which can be modeled using a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Most of the GEV models were based on a stationary assumption for hydrological processes, in contrast to the nonstationary reality due to climate change and human activities. In this paper, we present the nonstationary generalized extreme value (NSGEV) distribution and use it to investigate the risk of Niangziguan Springs discharge decreasing to zero. Rather than assuming the location, scale, and shape parameters to be constant as one might do for a stationary GEV distribution analysis, the NSGEV approach can reflect the dynamic processes by defining the GEV parameters as functions of time. Because most of the GEV model is designed to evaluate maxima (e.g. flooding, represented by positive numbers), and spring discharge cessation is a ?minima’, we deduced an NSGEV model for minima by applying opposite numbers, i.e. negative instead of positive numbers. The results of the model application to Niangziguan Springs showed that the probability of zero discharge at Niangziguan Springs will be 1/80 in 2025, and 1/10 in 2030. After 2025, the rate of decrease in spring discharge will accelerate, and the probability that Niangziguan Springs will cease flowing will dramatically increase. The NSGEV model is a robust method for analysing karst spring discharge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Strength Analysis on Brace Structure for Semi-Submersible in Consideration of Wave Slamming     

Fa-li Huo  Zhi Yao  Jian Zhang  Jun-wei Wang  Bin Dong 《中国海洋工程》2018,32(5):536-545

Slamming on bracings of column stabilized units shall be considered as a possible limiting criterion under transit condition based on the requirements in DNV-OS-C103. However, the wave slamming loads under survival condition were ignored for the strength analysis of the brace structures in many semi-submersible projects. In this paper, a method of strength analysis of brace structure is proposed based on the reconstruction and extrapolation of numerical model. The full-scale mooring system, the wind, wave and current loads can be considered simultaneously. Firstly, the model tests of the semi-submersible platform in wind tunnel and wave tanker have been carried out. Secondly, the numerical models of the platform are reconstructed and extrapolated based on the results of model tests. Then, a nonlinear numerical analysis has been conducted to study the wave slamming load on brace in semi-submersible platform through the reconstructed and extrapolated numerical model. For the randomness of wave load, ten subcases under each condition have been carried out. The value of the 90% Gumble distribution values of the ten subcases are used. Finally, the strength on brace structure has been analyzed considering the wave slamming. The wave slamming loads have been compared between the survival condition and transit condition with the method. The results indicate that wave slamming under survival condition is more critical than that under transit condition. Meanwhile, the wave slamming is significant to the structural strength of the brace. It should be overall considered in the strength analysis of the brace structure.  相似文献   

Dynamical evolution properties of debris flows controlled by different mesh-sized flexible net barriers     

Miao Huo  Jia-wen Zhou  Xing-guo Yang  Hong-wei Zhou 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):465

Because the flexible net barrier is a gradually developed open-type debris-flow counter-measure, there are still uncertainties in its design criterion. By using several small-scale experimental flume model tests, the dynamical evolution properties of debris flows controlled by large and small mesh-sized (equal to D₉₀ and D₅₀, respectively) flexible net barriers are studied, including the debris flow behaviors, segregation, and permeability of sediments, as well as the energy absorption rates and potential overtopping occurring when debris flows impact the small mesh-sized one. Experimental results reveal that (a) two sediment deposition patterns are observed depending on variations in debris flow textures and mesh sizes; (b) the aggregation against flexible net barriers is dominated by flow dynamics; (c) the segregation and permeable functions of the barrier are determined by the mesh size, concentration, and flow dynamics; and (d) the smaller mesh-sized flexible net barrier tends to be more efficient in restraining more turbulent debris flows and can absorb greater rate of kinematic energy, and finally, the great kinematic energy dissipation that occurs when secondary debris flows interact with the post-deposits in front of the small mesh-sized flexible net barrier is believed to cause the failure of overtopping phenomenon. The mesh size is concluded to be the decisive parameter that should be associated with debris flow textures to design the control functions of flexible net barriers.  相似文献   

内蒙古查干凹陷毛11井发现中元古代晚期变质岩:锆石U-Pb定年证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗军  云金表  何治亮  李天义  宋海明 《中国地质》2018,45(3):632-633

正1研究目的(Objective)内蒙古查干凹陷位于狼山以西、恩格尔乌苏断裂带以北,从构造单元上属于阿拉善地块。阿拉善地块元古宙归属问题还存在争论,有的观点认为属于华北克拉通西北缘的一部分;另一种观点认为属塔里木或者扬子克拉通。本文通过对查干凹陷毛11钻井下变质岩锆石年代学研究,为阿拉善地块基底归属提供新的年代学证据,同时为阿拉善地区提供一个新的基础资料。  相似文献   

主动围压下花岗岩动态力学特性与本构模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

李鸿儒  王志亮  郝士云 《水文地质工程地质》2018,(3):49-55

为了研究花岗岩在不同围压、不同应变率下的动力学特性与本构行为,利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）,对其进行了试验测试,并将损伤统计理论引入鲍埃丁模型,对所得到的本构模型与试验数据进行拟合分析,进而探讨模型中各参数对应力-应变曲线的影响。结果表明:围压和应变率都能提升花岗岩的抗压强度,两者均与试样动态强度增长因子呈正相关,且围压的存在提高了岩石的塑性特性,应力-应变曲线上出现塑性屈服平台;主动围压下,试样的弹性模量有一定的提高,但总体上未见明显的率效应和围压效应;本文所构建的模型预测结果与不同围压下试样的应力-应变曲线均有较高的吻合度,可为相关工程设计与施工提供一定参考。  相似文献   

基于智能物联网技术的天津城市积水监测预警系统     

侯天宇  梁好  霍凯  赵敏  陈子煊  张春莉  苑超 《气象研究与应用》2021,(1):85-89

通过智能物联网技术实时获取积水监测实况数据,利用天津市气象精细化格点预报产品和城市自动雨量观测站实况数据,以机器学习、神经网络模型和天津市城市内涝风险等级划分原理为基础,研究基于用户实时位置的城市内涝预报预警技术,研发天津市城市自动化积水监测预警系统。结果表明,该系统具备一定的城市内涝风险监测预警预报能力,并在2018—2020年多次重大天气过程中应用,积水深度预报结果与监测结果基本一致,应用数据表明验证结果良好,系统可以为政府防灾减灾决策、指挥调度提供精准、及时的气象数据支撑。  相似文献   

吉林延边小西南岔铜（金）矿床早白垩世中—酸性岩浆岩年代学、地球化学及其成因探讨     

王琳琳  霍亮  王莹 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(5):1658-1674

小西南岔铜（金）矿床位于吉林省延边地区东部,通过对小西南岔铜（金）矿床早白垩世中—酸性岩浆岩进行野外地质、岩相学、年代学和地球化学等方面的研究,进一步探讨延边乃至东北地区中生代大地构造演化。年代学研究结果表明：其同位素年龄分别为(101.69±0.61) Ma（石英闪长岩）、(101.14±0.58) Ma（英云闪长岩）、(100.82±0.62) Ma（花岗闪长岩）和(100.20±1.10) Ma（闪长玢岩）,岩浆作用发生在早白垩世末期（102~100 Ma）,是同一构造演化过程的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明,闪长玢岩具有典型埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征,其w(SiO₂)=61.419%~62.153%,w(Al₂O₃)=16.872%~17.329%,w(MgO)=2.339%~2.643%,w(Na₂O)=5.749%~6.623%,w(K₂O)=1.483%~1.786%,w(Sr)=(691~888)×10^-6,w(Yb)=(0.71~0.83)×10^-6,Sr/Y值为87.4~120.0,LREE富集,说明闪长玢岩是由俯冲的大洋板片部分熔融产生的埃达克质岩浆上侵就位形成。埃达克质岩浆上侵过程中与下地壳重熔产生的酸性岩浆混合,形成的富集地幔源岩浆上侵就位形成石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩等钙碱性花岗质杂岩;岩浆热液沿区域断裂上升过程中与大气降水混合,萃取围岩中的成矿物质,形成富铜（金）组分的成矿热液,在合适的部位卸载沉淀形成脉状铜（金）矿化。晚中生代延边地区位于古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲的大陆边缘环境,古太平洋板块的俯冲是形成早白垩世石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和闪长玢岩（脉）以及小西南岔矿床热液脉型铜（金）矿化的直接动力来源。  相似文献   

Indicator-based spatiotemporal characteristics of apple drought in North China     

Yang  Jianying  Huo  Zhiguo  Wang  Peijuan  Wu  Dingrong  Ma  Yuping 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(2):2123-2142

Natural Hazards - Frequent occurrences of drought stress caused by dry weather create severe destroy in apple yield and quality in North China. Although appropriate drought stress is beneficial to...  相似文献