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Based on the survey data of 250 farmers from the Multan district of Southern region of Punjab, Pakistan this study aims to empirically examine the determinants of access to agricultural credit. This study used the probit model to analyze the data. The results revealed that formal education, farm size, level of farm mechanization, farm revenue and landholding size positively and significantly influenced access to agricultural credit while the age of the farmer’s, distance, and off- farm income negatively and insignificantly influenced farmer’s accessibility to agricultural credit. The findings of the current study offer a policy guideline to streamline national policy on agricultural finance. This study also recommends that ZaraiTaraqiati Bank (ZTBL) and other Commercial Banks should improve their agricultural credit schemes to fulfil the diversified needs of small farm holders.
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Pham Quoc Bao Ali Sk Ajim Bielecka Elzbieta Calka Beata Orych Agata Parvin Farhana Łupikasza Ewa 《Natural Hazards》2022,113(2):1043-1081
Natural Hazards - Advances in the availability of multi-sensor, remote sensing-derived datasets, and machine learning algorithms can now provide an unprecedented possibility to predict flood events... 相似文献
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Li Zhenya Ali Zulfiqar Cui Tong Qamar Sadia Ismail Muhammad Nazeer Amna Faisal Muhammad 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):547-566
Natural Hazards - The increase of frequency and severity of extreme weather events due to climate change gives evidence of severe challenges faced by infrastructure systems. Among them, the... 相似文献
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Anwar Qadir Zulfiqar Ahmad Tahseenullah Khan Mohammad Zafar Atwar Qadir Mamoru Murata 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):149
Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) is situated in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. The land use has been changed in the canal command area due to irrigation activities near the Indus River. To check the current status and predict the groundwater levels in the area, the unconfined aquifer has been simulated in Visual MODFLOW for a period of 35 years, i.e., from 1985 to 2020. The 2900-km2 area has been modeled with a grid of 500 by 500 m and the depth set to 100 m. The aquifer in the study area has been divided vertically and laterally into three and ten zones, respectively, for the characterization. Water wells and streams were used as the sinks and hydrologic boundaries, respectively. The model was successfully calibrated in steady and the non-steady state. The simulation revealed that the whole simulation can be divided into two phases, i.e., before and after the construction of the Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC), whereas the results were summarized in the form of water table depth maps and groundwater budget calculations. To determine the groundwater sustainability, a conjunctive use scenario has been employed to simulate the aquifer dynamics till 2020. The simulation revealed incremental drawdowns till the end. 相似文献
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Ijaz Ahmad Ahmad Zulfiqar Lisa Mona Mahmood Syed Amer Ali Asad Rehman Obaid Ur 《Water Resources》2019,46(6):894-909
Water Resources - Snow cover dynamics play an important role in the hydrological characteristics of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) of Pakistan in terms of seasonal accumulation and depletions. The current... 相似文献
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Ijaz Ahmad Zulfiqar Ahmad Siraj Munir Obaid-ur-Rehman Syed Roshaan Ali Shah Yasir Shabbir 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(15):419
Snowcover dynamics and associated accumulation and depletion of snowcover along with its spatial and temporal scale mainly constitute hydrological phenomena of the given basin and are mostly controlled by the local climate variables. Snow accumulation and melting time and duration determine the cyclic volume of water resources and downstream availability. In this study, snowcover area (SCA) was extracted from remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow products (MOD10A2) for the period 2000–2016. Data for hydro-meteorological parameters was obtained from relevant departments acquired through their field stations. The analysis of 16-year satellite data shows that there is a slight increase in cryospheric area at high altitude. In Astore basin, the study concluded that 15–20% of the basin area is covered by glacier and snowcover may reach around 90–95% of the basin area due to accumulation of seasonal snow from the westerly wind circulation. Analysis of hydro-meteorological parameters showed significant correlation between temperatures (Tmax, Tmin) and river runoff while no significant correlation was observed between river runoff and rainfall. Similarly, significant inverse correlation was found between river runoff and Astore mean snowcover. At sub-altitudinal zone level (zones 1, 2, 3), river runoff has significant correlation with snowcover. Analysis of 20-year climate data along with river runoff depicts that river runoff is a general phenomenon of snowmelt when minimum temperature starts to rise above 4 °C during mid of April. The study highlights the importance and interdependence of meteorological parameters and snowcover dynamics in determining the hydrological characteristics of Astore Basin. 相似文献
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