Supplementation of Yeast Extract to Practical Diet Improves the Growth,Anti-Oxidative Capacity and Intestinal Morphology of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei     

MA Shuoli  WANG Xiaoxia  GAO Weihua  ZHANG Wenbing  MAI Kangsen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(4)

Two control diets based on the commercial formula were designed to contain high(27%, D1) and low(22%, D2) levels of fish meal, respectively. Into D2, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg~(-1) of yeast extract were added, respectively, yielding three experimental diets(YE1 through YE3). Shrimp(initial body weight 0.30 g ± 0.02 g) were fed with the experimental diets, five tanks each diet and 30 shrimp individuals each tank, for 8 weeks, and then challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results showed that the specific growth rate(SGR) of shrimp in D2 was significantly lower than that of shrimp in D1(P 0.05). The SGR of shrimp in YE3 was similar to that of shrimp in D1. The feed intake of shrimp was similar between D1 and D2. The feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp were similar among all diets(P 0.05). YE significantly improved the activity of glutathione S-transferase. The concentration of glutathione(GSH) and the total serum anti-oxidative capacity(T-AOC) of D1 were significantly higher than those of shrimp feeding other diets(P 0.05). The content of serum malondialdehyde of shrimp feeding YE2 and YE3 was significantly lower than that of shrimp feeding D2(P 0.05). The thickness of intestine muscular layer of shrimp feeding YE1 and YE2 was similar to that of shrimp feeding D1. The shrimp feeding YE1 showed the highest villus height of intestine among all groups. The cumulative mortality after challenging was similar among all groups(70.00%–86.67%)(P 0.05). In conclusion, 1000–1500 mg kg~(-1) of YE was suggested to be supplemented into the practical diets to improve the growth, anti-oxidative capacity and intestinal morphology of shrimp L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Macroparasites of angelfish Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the southern Benguela Current ecosystem     

AL Mackintosh  CC Reed  MAI Nunkoo  PH King  CD van der Lingen 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):245-252

The angelfish Brama brama is a mesopelagic species distributed circumglobally in temperate to warm-temperate waters, including continental-shelf-edge and upper-slope waters of the Benguela Current ecosystem. Little is known about the parasite assemblage of Benguela B. brama, with only three parasite taxa having previously been documented from this species in the southern Benguela. This study describes the macroparasites recorded from 35 B. brama collected during research surveys off the west coast of South Africa in 2015 and 2016. A total of six macroparasite taxa were documented, including the nematode Anisakis pegreffii, the copepod Hatschekia conifera, the cestode Hepatoxylon trichiuri, an acanthocephalan from the genus Rhadinorhynchus, a monogenean from the family Diclidophoridae, and an unidentified species. Three of these (He. trichiuri, Rhadinorhynchus sp. and the unidentified species) had not previously been found to infect B. brama. The most prevalent macroparasite taxa were A. pegreffii (94%), the unidentified species (71%) and Ha. conifera (60%). Two of the parasites, Ha. conifera and He. trichiuri, showed seasonal variation in infection, and infection with the latter was positively correlated with host length. These findings increase our knowledge of B. brama biology and contribute to our understanding of the biodiversity of the southern Benguela ecosystem.  相似文献   

中国市域居民住房支付能力时空演变及影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

康珈瑜  索志辉  梁留科  买哲  方明 《干旱区地理》2019,42(5):1153-1165

利用泰尔指数、σ系数、莫兰指数和空间回归模型等方法，对2012—2017年中国大陆346个市域单元收入房价比的时空演变规律进行分析，并探究其影响因素。结果表明：2012—2017年，中国市域单元收入房价比排名整体表现为东部>中部>东北>西部，其相对差异和绝对差异均随时间呈现增大趋势，居民住房支付能力稳步增强。2012—2017年，中国市域单元收入房价比的空间集聚性显著增强，空间分布不均衡性有逐渐增强的趋势。经济水平、城镇化水平、房地产投资水平、城市规模是影响中国市域住房支付能力的主要影响因素，其中，经济水平和城镇化水平对居民住房支付能力具有较大的正向影响，而房地产投资水平和城市规模为负向影响；2012—2017年我国东北和东中西部则不同程度上受不同影响因素的影响。  相似文献   

基于全球及区域气候模式的江苏省降水变化趋势预估          下载免费PDF全文

李熠  买苗 《大气科学学报》2019,42(3):447-458

利用气象观测资料,8个全球耦合气候系统模式的集合平均以及区域气候模式(RegCM4)的结果,通过方差分析、相关分析、趋势分析、扰动法等方法对模式性能进行了评估,并对江苏省在未来RCP8.5高端排放情景下降水的变化趋势进行了预估。结果表明,在RCP8.5情景下,至2020、2030和2050年,全球模式模拟的江苏省年平均降水在未来有逐渐增加的趋势,线性增加率约为7 mm/(10 a)。至2050年,江苏省年平均降水量将增加2%左右;区域模式模拟的年平均降水在未来线性增加率为1.5 mm/(10 a),变化不显著。区域模式模拟的夏季降水在未来有所增加,最多可增加20%～30%,但增幅随时间逐渐减小;全球模式模拟的夏季降水比现在有所减少,至2050年,减少了大约10%。区域模式模拟的冬季降水在未来不同时间段均比现在有所减少,同现在相比,最多可减少30%～40%;而全球模式模拟的冬季降水在未来则是先减少,后增加,至2050年,比现在大约增加10%。对于不同季节,总体而言,南部地区降水量的变化较北部地区显著。对于极端降水事件来说,江苏省未来小雨日数将减少,而暴雨日数则微弱增加。但由于全球模式本身的性能、区域模式对全球模式的依赖性以及温室气体排放的不确定性使上述预估结果仍具有不确定性。  相似文献   

Effects of waterborne Cu and Cd on anti-oxidative response,lipid peroxidation and heavy metals accumulation in abalone Haliotis discus hannai ino     

Lei  Yanju  Zhang  Wenbing  Xu  Wei  Zhang  Yanjiao  Zhou  Huihui  Mai  Kangsen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):511-521

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of waterborne copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) on survival, anti-oxidative response, lipid peroxidation and metal accumulation in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Experimental animals(initial weight: 7.49 g ± 0.01 g) were exposed to graded concentrations of waterborne Cu(0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mg L-1) or Cd(0.025, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5mg L-1) for 28 days, respectively. Activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes(catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidases, GPx; glutathione S-transferase, GST), contents of the reduced glutathione(GSH) and malondiadehyde(MDA) in the hepatopancreas, and metal accumulation in hepatopancreas and muscles were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28 days of metal exposure, respectively. Results showed that 0.04 mg L-1, 0.06 mg L-1 and 0.08 mg L-1 Cu caused 100% death of abalone on the 21 st, 10 th and 6th day, respectively. However, no dead abalone was found during the 28-day waterborne Cd exposure at all experimental concentrations. Generally, activities of SOD and GST in hepatopancreas under all Cu concentrations followed a decrease trend as the exposure time prolonged. However, these activities were firstly increased and then decreased to the control level and increased again during Cd exposure. Activities of CAT in all Cu exposure treatments were higher than those in the control. These activities were firstly increased and then decreased to the control level and increased again during Cd exposure. Contents of MDA in hepatopancreas in all Cu treatments significantly increased first and then decreased to the control level. However, the MDA contents in hepatopancreas were not significantly changed during the 28-day Cd exposure. The metals accumulation in both hepatopancreas and muscles of abalone significantly increased with the increase of waterborne metals concentration and exposure time. These results indicated that H. discus hannai has a positive anti-oxidative defense against Cu or Cd. In conclusion, anti-oxidative mechanism in abalone to resist waterborne Cu did not follow the same pattern as that for waterborne Cd.  相似文献   

Proline with or without hydroxyproline influences collagen concentration and regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase α (I) gene expression in juvenile turbo (Scophthalmus maximus L.)     

Zhang  Kaikai  Mai  Kangsen  Xu  Wei  Zhou  Huihui  Liufu  Zhiguo  Zhang  Yanjiao  Peng  Mo  Ai  Qinghui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):541-548

Journal of Ocean University of China - This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary proline (Pro), and Pro and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in combination on the growth performance, total...  相似文献   

饲料中硒和α-硫辛酸对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍抗氧化反应的影响     

陈齐勇  张文兵  麦康森  马洪明  刘付志国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(5):38-42

本研究利用2×3双因素试验设计,分别添加0和1 mg/kg的硒,0、800和3 200 mg/kg的α-硫辛酸,配制成6种半精制饲料,在流水系统中养殖初始体质量为(0.43±0.00)g的皱纹盘鲍稚鲍(Haliotis discus hannaiIno)16周,探讨硒和硫辛酸对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍抗氧化反应的影响。结果表明:硒对皱纹盘鲍肝胰脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)有显著影响,当饲料中不添加硫辛酸时,硒显著提高了肝胰脏GPX活性及T-AOC值。饲料中添加800 mg/kg硫辛酸时,皱纹盘鲍肝胰脏中的GPX活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和T-AOC值均显著增加,谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量也有所增加,但差异不显著。然而,添加3 200 mg/kg硫辛酸时,GPX活性和T-AOC值显著下降。尽管没有统计学上的显著差异,饲料中硒和硫辛酸对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍抗氧化反应的影响表现出了潜在的交互作用。总的来说,饲料中同时添加1mg/kg硒和800 mg/kg硫辛酸时,皱纹盘鲍稚鲍能够表现出较好的抗氧化状态。  相似文献   

饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响     

徐后国  艾庆辉  麦康森  徐玮  刘付志国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z2):42-47

本实验采用2×3双因子实验设计,分别在基础饲料中添加0(对照)、0.5×107和1.0×107/g枯草芽孢杆菌,在每个枯草芽孢杆菌添加水平分别添加0(对照)、0.3%和0.6%的壳寡糖,配制出9种等氮等能的实验饲料,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的实验,探讨饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖的添加对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)血清免疫指标的影响。实验结果表明,在每个枯草芽孢杆菌水平下,饲料中添加0.3%和0.6%的壳寡糖显著提高了大黄鱼幼鱼血清溶菌酶的活性(P<0.05),而对大黄鱼血清替代途径补体活力,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力没有显著性影响。在每个壳寡糖水平,饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌的添加对大黄鱼血清免疫指标的影响不显著。饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响不存在交互作用。总的来说,饲料中添加一定量的壳寡糖(0.3%～0.6%)在一定程度上影响了大黄鱼幼鱼的非特异性免疫反应。  相似文献   

饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响     

徐后国  艾庆辉  麦康森  徐玮  刘付志国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(7)

本实验采用2×3双因子实验设计,分别在基础饲料中添加0(对照)、0.5×107和1.0×107/g枯草芽孢杆菌,在每个枯草芽孢杆菌添加水平分别添加0(对照)、0.3％和0.6％的壳寡糖,配制出9种等氮等能的实验饲料,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的实验,探讨饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖的添加对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)血清免疫指标的影响.实验结果表明,在每个枯草芽孢杆菌水平下,饲料中添加0.3％和0.6％的壳寡糖显著提高了大黄鱼幼鱼血清溶菌酶的活性(P＜0.05),而对大黄鱼血清替代途径补体活力,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及过氧化氧酶( CAT)活力没有显著性影响.在每个壳寡糖水平,饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌的添加对大黄鱼血清免疫指标的影响不显著.饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响不存在交互作用.总的来说,饲料中添加一定量的壳寡糖(0.3％～0.6％)在一定程度上影响了大黄鱼幼鱼的非特异性免疫反应.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary probiotic Bacillus TC22 and Prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on growth, immune responses and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus     

Yancui Zhao  Kangsen Mai  Wei Xu  Wenbing Zhang  Qinghui Ai  Yanjiao Zhang  Xiaojie Wang  Zhiguo Liufu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(3):293-300

The effects of probiotic Bacillus TC22 (isolated from intestine of infected sea cucumber) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, immunity and disease resistance in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were studied. Six experimental diets were formulated with combinations of three levels of TC22 (0, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet) and two levels of FOS (0 and 0.5%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial,animals were challenged by injecting Vibrio splendidus. The results revealed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of sea cucumbers were not affected by TC22 and FOS, or the interaction between TC22 and FOS (P > 0.05). However,there were significant interactions between TC22 and FOS for immune response and disease resistance in sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). When sea cucumbers were fed with TC22 at 109 CFU g?1 feed and 0.5% FOS alone or in combination, the phagocytosis, respiratory burst and phenoloxidase activity of sea cucumber coelomocytes were significantly enhanced;the disease resistance against V. splendidus infection was also increased significantly (P < 0.05).However, dietary combination of TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet and 0.5% FOS did not yield significantly higher efficiency than either TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet or 0.5% FOS used alone (P > 0.05). Therefore, further studies should examine the effects of combinations of other levels of FOS(> 0.5% or < 0.5%) and TC22 on the immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers.  相似文献