首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   7篇
  免费   1篇
测绘学   1篇
自然地理   7篇
  2023年   2篇
  2015年   2篇
  2014年   3篇
  2012年   1篇
排序方式: 共有8条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
1
1.
Urban land cover has major impacts on a city’s ecosystem services and the inherent quality of its urban residential environment. The spatio-temporal distribution of impervious surface area and green areas in Chinese cities has exhibited a significantly marked difference in comparison with USA cities. This study focused on monitoring and comparing the spatio-temporal dynamics, land cover patterns and characteristics of functional regions in six Chinese(n=3) and USA(n=3) cities. The study data were collated from Landsat TM/MSS imagery during the period 1978–2010. Results indicate that Chinese cities have developed compactly over the past three decades, while development has been notably dispersed among USA cities. Mean vegetation coverage in USA cities is approximately 2.2 times that found amongst Chinese urban agglomerations. Land use types within Chinese cities are significantly more complex, with a higher density of impervious surface area. Conversely, the central business district(CBD) and residential areas within USA cities were comprised of a lower proportion of impervious surface area and a higher proportion of green land. Results may be used to contribute to future urban planning and administration efforts in both China and the USA.  相似文献   
2.
Surface albedo is a primary causative variable associated with the process of surface energy exchange. Numerous studies have examined diurnal variation of surface albedo at a regional scale; however, few studies have analyzed the intra-annual variations of surface albedo in concurrence with different land cover types. In this study, we amalgamated surface albedo product data(MCD43) from 2001 to 2008, land-use data(in 2000 and 2008) and land cover data(in 2000); quantitative analyses of surface albedo variation pertaining to diverse land cover types and the effect of the presence/absence of ground snow were undertaken. Results indicate that intra-annual surface albedo values exhibit flat Gaussian or triangular distributions depending upon land cover types. During snow-free periods, satellite observed surface albedo associated with the non-growing season was lower than that associated with the growing season. Satellite observed surface albedo during the presence of ground snow period was 2–4 times higher than that observed during snow-free periods. Surface albedo reference values in typical land cover types have been calculated; notably, grassland, cropland and built-up land were associated with higher surface albedo reference values than barren while ground snow was present. Irrespective of land cover types, the lowest surface albedo reference values were associated with forested areas. Proposed reference values may prove extremely useful in diverse research areas, including ecological modeling, land surface process modeling and radiation energy balance applications.  相似文献   
3.
Land-use/land-cover changes(LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets(CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM\ETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows. Land-use changes(LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years(1990–2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included(1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in theHuang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin;(2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China;(3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and(4) effectiveness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural–pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation. The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.  相似文献   
4.
20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局   总被引:105,自引:19,他引:86  
土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)是人类活动与自然环境相互作用最直接的表现形式,本文采用相同空间分辨率的卫星遥感信息源和相同的技术方法,对中国1980年代末到2010年土地利用变化数据进行定期更新。在此基础上,提出并发展土地利用动态区划的方法,研究土地利用变化的空间格局与时空特征。我们发现:1990-2010年的20年间,中国土地利用变化表现出明显的时空差异。"南减北增,总量基本持衡,新增耕地的重心逐步由东北向西北移动"是耕地变化的基本特征;"扩展提速,东部为重心,向中西部蔓延"是城乡建设用地变化的基本特征;"林地前减后增,荒漠前增后减,草地持续减少"是非人工土地利用类型变化的主要特征。20世纪末与21世纪初两个10年相比,中国土地利用变化空间格局出现了一些新特征,原有的13个土地利用变化区划单元演变为15个单元,且部分区划单元边界发生变化。主要变化格局特征为黄淮海地区、东南部沿海地区、长江中游地区和四川盆地城镇工矿用地呈现明显的加速扩张态势;北方地区耕地开垦重心由东北地区和内蒙古东部转向西北绿洲农业区;东北地区旱作耕地持续转变为水田;内蒙古农牧交错带南部、黄土高原和西南山地退耕还林还草效果初显。近20年间,尽管气候变化对北方地区的耕地变化有一定的影响,但政策调控和经济驱动仍然是导致我国土地利用变化及其时空差异的主要原因。2000年后的第一个10年,土地利用格局变化的人为驱动因素已由单向国土开发为主,转变为开发与保护并重。在空间格局变化的分析方法方面,应用"动态区划法"开展世纪之交两个10年中国LUCC空间格局变化的分析,有效揭示了20年来中国LUCC"格局的变化过程",即动态区划边界的推移、区划单元内部特征的变化与单元的消长等;以及"变化过程的格局",即土地利用变化过程与特征的分阶段区域差异,清晰刻画了LUCC动态区划中区划单元的消长,单元边界的变动,以及前后10年的变化强度特征,揭示了土地利用"格局"与"过程"之间的交替转化规律,以及不同类型和区域的变化原因,证明了该分析方法的有效性。  相似文献   
5.
以RS和GIS作为技术支撑,基于多期Landsat TM期遥感影像数据,采用全数字化人机交互式解译方法提取鄂尔多斯市城镇空间信息特征,结合GIS空间分析功能,以地学统计方法定量研究了城镇扩展的强度和紧凑度,同时以评价指标与社会经济统计数据相结合方式,对鄂尔多斯市城镇扩展驱动力进行分析,结果表明资源的开发导致经济发展和人口增长是城镇扩展的重要驱动因子,政府政策性要素在宏观上及区域地理环境作用着城镇的扩展。  相似文献   
6.
农用土地质量评价研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
科学地进行土地评价,实现土地评价的定量化、综合化、信息化、精准化、动态化、信息化,有利于实时掌握土地利用结构和产业布局的变化,有利于提出合理的可持续发展的土地评价方法,为解决人口的不断增长和环境问题的日益恶化提供保障。本文对国内外土地评价的研究进展进行归纳,并对土地评价的发展趋势进行了分析。  相似文献   
7.
中国土壤侵蚀类型多样、过程复杂,精准量化流域土壤风蚀和水蚀强度状况,掌握流域土壤侵蚀时空分布格局并辨识区域主导侵蚀类型,对统筹相应的水土保持工作具有重要意义。综合遥感监测、地面调查、模型模拟等手段,定量刻画黄河流域2000—2020年土壤风蚀和水蚀强度的时空格局与演变规律,开展土壤侵蚀类型分区,讨论不同土壤侵蚀分区治理措施的重要作用。结果表明:黄河流域土壤风蚀、水蚀强度均整体呈下降趋势,土壤风蚀、水蚀分别呈波动降低、持续降低态势。以土壤风蚀和土壤水蚀为主的区域分别占区域总面积的16.35%、83.65%,土壤侵蚀类型分区自北向南总体表现为从土壤风蚀为主向水蚀为主过渡。土壤风蚀为主的区域分布在黄河干流上游水系、鄂尔多斯内流区,分别占土壤风蚀区面积的41.53%和28.57%。土壤风蚀中度侵蚀强度所占比例最大,为24.72%。土壤水蚀为主的区域主要分布在黄河中游水系(25.04%)、渭河-伊洛河水系(22.06%)、黄河源头水系(18.60%)、黄河干流上游水系(15.49%)、湟水-洮河水系(13.35%)。土壤水蚀以微度侵蚀强度为主,占土壤水蚀区面积的49.30%,轻度(17.28%)...  相似文献   
8.
本文基于高精度地理国情信息和30 m分辨率土地利用数据,利用数据融合方法系统开展近30年(1990—2020年)国土空间开发强度和格局的变化分析,对比分析了主体功能区实施前后的变化轨迹,并评价了主体功能区实施对其主体功能的影响。研究表明,内蒙古国土空间格局开发强度呈现由1990—2010年的加速增强到2010—2020年增速放缓的趋势。近30年人工建设用地面积增加了42%,人工建设用地和农业用地增加导致自然生态用地大面积减少。自主体功能区规划实施以来,重点开发区内的人工建设用地仍持续增长,农产品主产区内的农业用地面积由增长转向小幅减少,重点生态功能区内的自然生态用地减少幅度显著下降。研究结果对于地区生态文明建设和“美丽内蒙古”目标愿景的实现提供了重要参考。  相似文献   
1
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号