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1982年10月16日-22日,中国地理学会沙漠分会在内蒙古哲里木盟通辽市,召开了"东部半干旱地区沙漠化土地整治原则和途径"学术讨论会。这次会议主要探讨东部半干旱地区农牧交错地区沙漠化土地现状、产生的原因、整治原则及主要整治措施,会上交流了各地区整治沙漠化土地的经验,并介绍了综合农业区划、农牧业合理配置,预防沙漠化土地的扩展和整治沙漠化土地提供咨询的情况,这对促进科研成果与生产实践相结合,使科研更好地为国民经济建设服务具有重要作用。 相似文献
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中国地理学会沙漠分会于1981年10月15日——10月22日在大连举行沙漠化学术讨论会。参加这次学术讨论会的代表,来自从事沙漠及沙漠化研究的科学研究单位、高等院校与生产部门,包括学会常务理事及部分理事和会员代表在内共计60人。有不少同志虽因代表名额限制未能参加,但仍为会议的召开做出了贡献。 相似文献
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The main goal of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to achieve good ecological status across European surface waters by 2015 and as such, it offers the opportunity and thus the challenge to improve the protection of our coastal systems. It is the main example for Europe's increasing desire to conserve aquatic ecosystems. Ironically, since c. 1975 the increasing adoption of EU directives has been accompanied by a decreasing interest of, for example, the Dutch government to assess the quality of its coastal and marine ecosystems. The surveillance and monitoring started in NL in 1971 has declined since the 1980s resulting in a 35% reduction of sampling stations. Given this and interruptions the remaining data series is considered to be insufficient for purposes other than trend analysis and compliance. The Dutch marine managers have apparently chosen a minimal (cost-effective) approach despite the WFD implicitly requiring the incorporation of the system's 'ecological complexity' in indices used to evaluate the ecological status of highly variable systems such as transitional and coastal waters. These indices should include both the community structure and system functioning and to make this really cost-effective a new monitoring strategy is required with a tailor-made programme. Since the adoption of the WFD in 2000 and the launching of the European Marine Strategy in 2002 (and the recently proposed Marine Framework Directive) we suggest reviewing national monitoring programmes in order to integrate water quality monitoring and biological monitoring and change from 'station oriented monitoring' to 'basin or system oriented monitoring' in combination with specific 'cause-effect' studies for highly dynamic coastal systems. Progress will be made if the collected information is integrated and aggregated in valuable tools such as structure- and functioning-oriented computer simulation models and Decision Support Systems. The development of ecological indices integrating community structure and system functioning, such as in Ecological Network Analysis, are proposed to meet a cost-effective approach at the national level and full assessment of the ecosystem status at the EU level. The WFD offers the opportunity to re-consider and re-invest in environmental research and monitoring. Using examples from the Netherlands and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom, the present paper therefore reviews marine monitoring and marine environmental research in combination and in the light of such major policy initiatives such as the WFD. 相似文献
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Thébault H Rodriguez Y Baena AM Andral B Barisic D Albaladejo JB Bologa AS Boudjenoun R Delfanti R Egorov VN El Khoukhi T Florou H Kniewald G Noureddine A Patrascu V Pham MK Scarpato A Stokozov NA Topcuoglu S Warnau M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):801-806
The common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was selected as unique biomonitor species to implement a regional monitoring programme, the CIESM Mediterranean Mussel Watch (MMW), in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. As of today, and upon standardization of the methodological approach, the MMW Network has been able to quantify (137)Cs levels in mussels from 60 coastal stations and to produce the first distribution map of this artificial radionuclide at the scale of the entire Mediterranean and Black Seas. While measured (137)Cs levels were found to be very low (usually < 1 Bq kg(-1) wet wt) (137)Cs activity concentrations in the Black Sea and North Aegean Sea were up to two orders of magnitude higher than those in the western Mediterranean Basin. Such effects, far from representing a threat to human populations or the environment, reflect a persistent signature of the Chernobyl fallout in this area. 相似文献