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设计模式和重构对于解决土地信息系统需求变化问题,具有重要意义,可以实现可复用性。本文并结合土地信息系统的开发实例,详细论述如何运用重构准则实现抽象工厂、装饰等模式。旨在促进土地信息系统开发中注重设计模式和重构准则的应用,实现软件设计的复用,提高土地信息系统的质量和开发效率。 相似文献
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Harvey Neo 《Geoforum》2009,40(2):260-268
Rising demand for meat has led to changing modes of production in the livestock industry and prompted varied institutional and regulatory changes. For the most part, the latter are enabling measures not fundamentally aimed at restraining the overall growth of the industry. In other words, specific institutional changes are meant to reduce uncertainty by providing a structure to everyday life although at a broader spatial scale, an institutional approach suggests that (a region’s) social infrastructure can help or hinder economic growth. In tracing recent developments in the Malaysian pig industry, this paper highlights an institutional regime that is stable on the surface but is in actuality prone to destabilization. Specifically, the role of cultural politics in shaping, sustaining and destabilizing institutional behavior and regimes will be examined, using the case study of the Malaccan pig industry. In explicating how institutional regimes and development are stabilized and destabilized, the paper argues that cultural politics might be an intractable stumbling block to the future growth and development of the industry. 相似文献
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In 1988, responding to international legislation that requires sustainable fishery management, the Australian Fishery Management Authority (AFMA) implemented an individual transferable quota (ITQ) management system to address the environmental crisis in the South East Fishery. Defining sustainability in its broadest context to include social as well as economic and ecological dimensions, this paper firstly describes the environmental crisis and the South East Fishery's ITQ management system. Secondly, Christy's (1973) paper is employed as a catalyst to compare the theoretical socio-economic outcomes with the actual operation of ITQs. The brief South East Fishery experience suggests that the logic behind ITQs is correct. Production has become reorganised. Operators are not only fewer, but also embrace professionalism, quality, efficiency, and the operation of the free market within the industry. However, because of the local idiosyncrasies of this multi-species fishery, the legislation over territorial waters, and the absence of alternative employment, fishers have adopted non-quota fishing techniques and entered seas under New South Wales jurisdiction. Without a social re-adjustment policy or buy-out scheme, the AFMA's objective of ecologically sustainable development cannot be attained. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2021
Extreme events can cause species substitution or biodiversity losses. In floodplains, flood and drought phases are considered disturbances when their amplitude or intensity are atypical. These unpredictable events can affect the structure of aquatic communities. In this context, we evaluated the response of the zooplankton community to two extreme droughts that occurred from 2001−2002 and 2014−2016. We assessed species richness and composition on three occasions: before extreme drought (phase 1); during the phase after extreme drought (phase 2) characterized by floods, and lastly, after flood (phase 3), when the fluctuations in water levels in the lowlands stabilized. We hypothesized that (i) zooplankton composition in the lake is distinct in the phases before extreme drought and flood, as the extreme drought event causes changes in the community structure and (ii) after the flood (phase 3), the composition of species in the lake would be more similar to the phase 1, with a large number of species shared in these. Contrary to what we expected, similarity in the species composition of the lake was greater between the phase 1 and phase 2, which may indicate the resilience capacity of the community, through specialized adaptations capable of tolerating extreme. The lowest similarity was observed between the phase 1 and phase 3 and this difference may be a consequence of the dilution effect of the community in the flood (phase 2). Our results suggest that the community structure in the lake can be considered more resilient to extreme drought. We also highlight the importance of the hydrological dynamics of a floodplain for the structure of communities, considering atypical droughts in periods of different climatic events. 相似文献
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在阐述气象业务技术体制改革的有关背景,以及中国气象局领导讲话精神的基础上,科学分析了气象业务技术体制改革中的重大问题,并就江西气象业务技术体制改革的需求与问题、指导思想和总体目标,以及改革的重点和近期主要工作安排,进行了翔实的论述.认为全省气象部门要深刻领会气象业务技术体制改革的重要性和必要性,围绕改革的指导思想和总体目标,进一步加强领导,统筹协调;统一认识,同心同德;领导干部和共产党员要率先垂范,带好队伍,精心操作,从而全面高质量地完成业务技术体制改革试点任务. 相似文献
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社会主义市场经济体制要求提高测绘行业的整体创新能力 ,继续深化测绘科技体制的改革 ,因而测绘科研机构应通过调整方向、优化结构、分流人员、转换机制等措施 ,结合自身的优势搞好目标定位 ,调整组织和专业结构 ,充分认识人的因素在科研和信息系统建设中的重要作用 ,将科研机构建成测绘公益性研究和技术创新基地 相似文献
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KJELD RASMUSSEN M.Sc. ANETTE REENBERG M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):81-88
Rasmussen, Kjeld and Anette Reenberg: Ecological Human Geography—some considerations of concepts and methods. Geografisk Tidsskrift 80: 81–88. Copenhagen, June 1980. The field of interest for ecological human geograhy is defined as the study of utilization systems. The application of different ecological concepts in human geography is shown, and the fertility of using different types of systems approaches in the analysis is demonstrated on a simplied, closed agricultural system. 相似文献