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1.
De Geer moraine ridges occur in abundance in the coastal zone of northern Sweden, preferentially in areas with proglacial water depths in excess of 150 m at deglaciation. From detailed sedimentological and structural investigations in machine‐dug trenches across De Geer ridges it is concluded that the moraines formed due to subglacial sediment advection to the ice margin during temporary halts in grounding‐line retreat, forming gradually thickening sediment wedges. The proximal part of the moraines were built up in submarginal position as stacked sequences of deforming bed diamictons, intercalated with glaciofluvial canal‐infill sediments, whereas the distal parts were built up from the grounding line by prograding sediment gravity‐flow deposits, distally interfingering with glaciolacustrine sediments. The rapid grounding‐line retreat (ca. 400 m yr?1) was driven by rapid calving, in turn enhanced by fast iceflow and marginal thinning of ice due to deforming bed conditions. The spatial distribution of the moraine ridges indicates stepwise retreat of the grounding line. It is suggested that this is due to slab and flake calving of the ice cliff above the waterline, forming a gradually widening subaqueous ice ledge which eventually breaks off to a new grounding line, followed by regained sediment delivery and ridge build‐up. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
伏牛山构造带由多条近平行的断裂带和夹持其间的变形岩片组成,洛南-栾川断裂带和瓦穴子-乔端断裂带为其中的两条主要断裂带。这两条断裂带虽遭受多期强烈构造活动的影响,但主造山期的构造特征至今仍然保存完好,并以中深层次的韧性剪切变形为主,形成了典型的糜棱岩和同构造期石英脉。本文从宏观、微观、超微观变形特征及年龄等方面对这些变质流体脉进行了研究,以探讨与其形成密切相关的构造活动特征、年代及其在秦岭造山带和华北板块南缘强变形带中的作用。石英脉中石英颗粒动态重结晶特征总体显示远离剪切带只有少量的膨凸式,靠近断裂带为亚颗粒式,形成核-幔结构,位错特征显示远离剪切带位错密度较小,靠近断裂带较大,位错形态显示瓦乔断裂带以挤压为主,洛南-栾川断裂带以剪切为主。两条断裂带石英脉的变形特征说明它们的糜棱岩化过程均为塑性变形中的晶质塑性变形,形成过程均为挤压在先,剪切在后。所测糜棱岩中石英脉的ESR年龄分别为372.9±30.0 Ma、275.0±20.0 Ma和218.0±20.0 Ma,真实地记录了晚加里东至中-晚海西期北秦岭的构造活动及所受影响。其中372.9±30.0 Ma是宽坪岩块向华北板块下的斜向俯冲汇聚和走滑的年代, 275.0±20.0 Ma是瓦乔断裂带的形成年龄。218.0±20.0 Ma的年龄则反映了华南、华北两大板块印支晚期全面闭合作用在秦岭造山带内部的影响。从以上3个年龄可以看出:北秦岭各构造带自北向南演化,时代上自北向南变新。 相似文献
3.
主动变刚度结构的动力卸载效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文讨论了主动变刚度结构体系AVS(Active Variable Stiffness)的动力卸载效应。结构体系中的AVS控制器关闭或开启瞬时，结构系统刚度分布发生突变，通常也伴随着对系统的能量输入或输出，使得该瞬时结构体系相应受到—加速度增量作用，此增量的方向与结构加速度方向相反，能有效地抑制结构体系的刚度不变层向刚度突变层的动力卸载。此外，文中分析了AVS控制器闭合或开启引起的结构体系相对于原结构的第i阶自振频率摄动，进而讨论了AVS控制器的开关控制律和结构的自振频率摄动及动力卸载效应的相互关系。理论分析和计算结果表明：在合理的结构变形位置闭合或开启AVS控制器，动力卸载效应对结构体系的不利作用及结构体系的频率特性相对于原结构改变很小。 相似文献
4.
考虑到精密控制震源特点,研究了多种精密控制震源发射信号的设计方案,并提出离散点拟合精密控制震源信号设计方法.计算表明,按照发射频谱、相关子波形态和发射能量3个方面的评价,离散点拟合精密控制震源信号设计方法可以灵活设计出比较好的精密控制震源发射信号,对提高精密主动地震监测的震相信息分辨率具有实际意义. 相似文献
5.
MIKE BENTLEY 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(6):493-507
The nested moraines of the Chilean Lake District have been used to establish a glacial chronology for southernmost South America. This paper focuses on non-climatic controls which may have modulated the climatic signal. It presents a model for formation of the moraines around Lagos Puyehue and Rupanco where there is a nested complex dating from the last glaciation. These moraines can be divided into two types on the basis of their form, position and constituent materials: rampart moraines are broad amalgamated moraine complexes whilst ridge moraines are narrow single ridges usually located around lakeshores. Both types have lateral moraines with low up-glacier longitudinal gradients. Sections in the moraines show they are largely composed of stratified glaciofluvial sediments overthrust on their proximal flanks by clay-rich diamicts containing reworked glaciofluvial material. Despite their different characteristics, a single model explains the features of both moraine types and their location around the down-glacier ends of the lakes. Moraine formation depends crucially on the presence of a layer of water-saturated, fine, impermeable sediment in the lake basins which allows the glacier lobes to advance with negligible surface gradients, probably on a deforming bed. Although the formation of moraines requires a climatically triggered advance, their precise position is not dictated by climatic factors but by contrasts in sediment permeability and grain-size. 相似文献
6.
为提高数据更新过程中多源数据整合利用的效率和更新的自动化程度,将"数据同化"和主动数据库的思想与方法引入空间数据的更新。论述了"多源地理空间数据同化"和"主动更新"的概念、内涵和关键技术,提出了"地理事件-条件-动作"规则驱动下数据同化的地理空间数据主动更新机制。最后,将数据同化中常用的最优插值方法,应用于多源地理空间数据的合并,该方法与其他合并方法相比,能提高数据的精度;将主动更新机制应用于数据更新实践,结果表明,该机制可以提高更新的自动化程度。 相似文献
7.
粤北新洲推覆构造是新洲金矿和大沟谷金矿的控矿构造。在各推覆席体弱变形域中取岩石样品，进行中低温高压递进变形实验。结果表明，变形样品的构造分解作用强烈，剪切溶解一定向生长现象发育，中温中ε滑移系起主导作用，直线型位错广泛出现，从而再现了同推覆期构造分解和剪切溶解现象。在此基础上，提出了Ａｕ－Ａｓ－Ｂｉ－Ｗ型含矿源岩的同推覆期活化成矿模式。 相似文献
8.
G. B. Muravskii 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(8):661-669
It is shown in this paper that experimental results on stiffness and damping corresponding to cyclic deforming of soils can be well approached theoretically on an interval of strain variation from zero to arbitrary large values of strains. For this purpose, the following two methods are recommended: a modification of the hysteretic model obeying Masing's rule by adding elastic stresses to pure hysteretic stresses that do not change the corresponding backbone curve; and, as the second method, a non-linear model with frequency independent loss of energy in periodic processes. It is shown that in the area close to the free surface of soil, normalized strains resulting from propagation of seismic waves can be very large, even in the case of an input motion of relatively low intensity. Therefore, a using analytical approximations for experimental stress–strain relationships, which are suitable only for an interval of small and medium values of normalized strains, is insufficient in seismic response analysis. 相似文献
9.
本文根据线状符号的特征,介绍代数运算在绘制地图线状符号中的应用。利用二元运算,将符号图案和线状要素的轴线作为运算元素,从而使符号的配置过程独立于具体的符号或图形。同一程序几乎能完成所有线状符号的绘制。利用变换作为运算定义的基础,分析了变换在符号配置中的特点,使二元运算的定义简单清晰。最后还根据运算的特点,介绍了解决线状符号在交叉处衔接的问题。 相似文献
10.
圆形硐室岩爆的折迭突变模型 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
均匀围压下圆形硐室岩爆是传统意义上的软化区内岩环经过塑性变形局部化阶段完成的。当处于极限状态的塑性变形集中区承载能力下降时, 岩环中相对完好部分以弹性方式卸载,当后者释放的弹性能超过前者塑性变形所耗散的能量时便发生岩爆。简捷地通过等效应力 和等效应变 关系建立突变模型对硐室岩爆进行了分析, 将状态变量 用软化区半径 来表示。分析表明: 岩爆发生条件与硐室岩体的升降模量比 和岩体裂隙发育程度 的乘积有关; 对于特定冲击倾性的岩体,存在对应的临界软化区深度 , 即软化区深度达到 时便发生岩爆;还给出硐室岩爆释放地震能等计算式,岩爆释放的地震能量级则与硐室软化区深入程度有关。 相似文献