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1.
Helical probe tests (HPT) are a quick and economical means for manual field testing of soils to depths of 1.5 m with readings taken at 0.15-m intervals in only 10 min. The equipment is lightweight (only 2 kg) and thus amenable to deploy on initial site reconnaissance explorations, shallow pavement projects, earth retention walls, and/or compaction of fills. Although suitable for use in a variety of geomaterials: sands, silts, clays, and mixed soils, the specific application to residual fine sandy silts and silty fine sands of the Appalachian Piedmont and Blue Ridge geologic provinces is shown here. Existing relationships for converting the measured HPT torque reading to equivalent cone penetration testing (CPT) tip resistances are reviewed, as well as other trends. 相似文献
2.
时空Kriging法通过将变异函数向时空域进行扩展得到时空变异函数,有效地利用时空邻近的采样点综合进行插值,由于时空稀疏散布数据集具有单一时刻下样本点数量少以及时空分布不规律的特点,难以满足使用时空Kriging插值法的基本条件,导致插值精度不高,据此本文提出了优化方法：通过多时段叠置拟合空间变异函数的方法,综合利用时空邻域内的采样点以解决单一时刻下空间邻域内数量不足情况;控制时间变异对空间变异函数拟合的误差影响;采用积合式模型构建时空变异函数进行插值。最后使用Argo海温数据进行插值实验,在相同条件下与时空Kriging法以及时空权重法的交叉验证结果对比得出,该方法在保证拟合所需采样点数量要求的同时,有效削减了一般时空Kriging法中时间变异对空间变异函数拟合结果的干扰,插值结果的绝对误差均值从0.5降低至0.2以内,稳定性进一步增强,改善了时空Kriging法在稀疏散布数据条件下精度上的不足。 相似文献
3.
A field instrument designed for continuous radon measurement is described. It is based on a solid state electronic sensor that is housed in a rugged casing that also contains its associated electronics. This lightweight device is designed for selective counting of
α-decays with recorded count values over specified intervals being stored within the device. Real time data processing to reject spurious values is automatically performed by the instrument. Data are downloaded by means of a handheld or a laptop computer. The energy provided by alkaline batteries ensures 2 months of continuous recording in the field. Example of radon anomalies are exhibited. 相似文献
4.
Erika?Kaufmann Günter?Kargl Norbert?I.?K?mleEmail author Manfred?Steller Johann?Hasiba Florian?Tatschl Stefan?Ulamec Jens?Biele Marc?Engelhardt Jens?Romstedt 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2009,105(1):11-29
One possibility to explore the subsurface layers of icy bodies is to use a probe with a “hot tip", which is able to penetrate
ice layers by melting. Such probes have been built and used in the past for the exploration of terrestrial polar ice sheets
and may also become useful tools to explore other icy layers in the Solar System. Examples for such layers are the polar areas
of Mars or the icy crust of Jupiter’s moon Europa. However, while on Earth a heated probe launched into an ice sheet always
causes melting with subsequent refreezing, the behaviour of such a probe in a low pressure environment is quite different.
We report on the results of some experiments with a simple “melting probe" prototype with two different kinds of hot tips
in a vacuum environment. For one of the tips the probe moved into two types of ice samples: (i) compact water ice and (ii)
porous water ice with a snow (firn) like texture. It was also found that the penetration behaviour was basically different
for the two sample types even when the same kind of tip was used. While in the porous sample the ice was only subliming, the
phase changes occurring during the interaction of the tip with the compact ice are much more complex. Here alternating phases
of melting and sublimation occur. The absence of the liquid phase has severe consequences on the performance of a “melting
probe" under vacuum conditions: In this environment we find a high thermal resistance between the probe surface and the underlying
ice. Therefore, only a low percentage of the heat that is generated in the tip is used to melt or sublime the ice, the bulk
of the power is transferred towards the rear end of the probe. This is particularly a problem in the initial phases of an
ice penetration experiment, when the probe has not yet penetrated the ice over its whole length. In the compact ice sample,
phases could be observed, where a high enough gas pressure had built up locally underneath the probe, so that melting becomes
possible. Only during these melting periods the thermal contact between the probe and the ice is good and in consequence the
melting probe works effectively. 相似文献
5.
Lesley L. Rhodes Joann M. Burkholder Howard B. Glasgow Parke A. Rublee Coy Allen Janet E. Adamson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):621-630
Pfiesteria shumwayae Steidinger et Burkholder is now known to be present in New Zealand and occurs in estuaries around the country. The presence of Pfiesteria was initially determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based detection assay, using oligonucleotide primers targeted at ribosomal DNA extracted from estuarine water and sediments. Presence was confirmed by isolation from fresh sediments in the presence offish (Oreochromis mossambicus), followed by identification by scanning electron microscopy. The New Zealand isolates of P. shumwayae were ichthyotoxic in bioassays, but there is no historic evidence offish kills in New Zealand associated with the dinoflagellate. 相似文献
6.
帮布勒矿床是近年来在西藏冈底斯—念青唐古拉多金属成矿带西段新发现的大型矽卡岩型Pb-Zn矿床。闪锌矿作为该矿床的主要矿石矿物之一,其矿相学特征及化学组分对于揭示成矿物理化学条件和流体演化过程具有重要意义。本文选取帮布勒矿床近端及远端矽卡岩中不同世代闪锌矿开展详细的显微结构观察和电子探针成分研究。结果表明,帮布勒矿床闪锌矿可划分为2个世代:第Ⅰ世代闪锌矿主要产于近端矽卡岩,呈暗红色-棕红色,常与乳滴状黄铜矿共生,并交代他形磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿,Fe元素含量较高(部分闪锌矿Fe含量>10%),Zn/Fe值<10;第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿可进一步分为两类:第一类(Ⅱa)闪锌矿在近端及远端矽卡岩中均有发育,呈棕黄色,充填于辉石、石榴子石等矽卡岩矿物间及其裂隙中;第二类(Ⅱb)闪锌矿主要产于远端矽卡岩中,呈黄色-浅黄色,与方铅矿和石英共生,第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿相比于第Ⅰ世代闪锌矿Fe、Mn含量明显偏低,Zn含量较高。闪锌矿Fe元素温度计估算结果显示,从第Ⅰ世代至第Ⅱ世代成矿温度逐渐降低,分别为160～314℃、138～157℃,与闪锌矿Zn/Fe比值指示结果一致。综上证据,本文认为帮布勒矿床早期成矿流体... 相似文献
7.
TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Experimental Astronomy》2009,23(3):893-946
TandEM was proposed as an L-class (large) mission in response to ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 Call, and accepted for further
studies, with the goal of exploring Titan and Enceladus. The mission concept is to perform in situ investigations of two worlds
tied together by location and properties, whose remarkable natures have been partly revealed by the ongoing Cassini–Huygens
mission. These bodies still hold mysteries requiring a complete exploration using a variety of vehicles and instruments. TandEM
is an ambitious mission because its targets are two of the most exciting and challenging bodies in the Solar System. It is
designed to build on but exceed the scientific and technological accomplishments of the Cassini–Huygens mission, exploring
Titan and Enceladus in ways that are not currently possible (full close-up and in situ coverage over long periods of time).
In the current mission architecture, TandEM proposes to deliver two medium-sized spacecraft to the Saturnian system. One spacecraft
would be an orbiter with a large host of instruments which would perform several Enceladus flybys and deliver penetrators
to its surface before going into a dedicated orbit around Titan alone, while the other spacecraft would carry the Titan in
situ investigation components, i.e. a hot-air balloon (Montgolfière) and possibly several landing probes to be delivered through
the atmosphere. 相似文献
8.
近10年来,构造地质学面临前所未有的机会和巨大的发展前景,建立超越板块构造理论的时代已经来临,地幔柱理论与板块构造理论的融合必将为太阳系乃至宇宙形成的构造过程提供全新认识。文中从宏观角度,综述了当前深部、深海、深空和深时4个发展方向取得的成就,展望了这4个方面的未来发展趋势。同时,综合概述了推动近10年来构造地质学发展的4个关键技术:针对表面构造形迹的高精度激光高度计(深空星球表面成像)、高分辨率多波束(深海海底地形成像);针对深部构造形态的层析成像(tomography);针对动力学演化(深时)的各种模拟软件(ANSYS、COMSOL、FLAC等);针对物质材料流变学的高温高压实验和成分原位测试技术。 相似文献
9.
10.
月球地形测绘和月球大地测量(4) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
主要介绍了美国在20世纪70年代著名的"阿波罗(Apollo)"登月项目,和90年代的"克莱门汀号(Clementine)"、"月球探测(LunarProspector)",以及欧共体的"SMART-1"探月航天器。1969年至1972年间阿波罗项目前后进行了17次环绕登月的各种试验,其中有6次成功登月。它们分别是"阿波罗"11,12,14,15,16,17号。"阿波罗"和以后的探月项目向科学家提供了大量的月球数据,其中有影像资料,月面和环月试验的成果,同时还进行了样本收集、月面及其周围环境的地学勘测和月球大地测量等各项工作。 相似文献