排序方式: 共有13条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Li同位素是一种新兴的非传统稳定同位素示踪工具,在地质学、地球化学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。目前,Li同位素溶液分析技术主要采用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)和多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS),与TIMS相比,MC-ICP-MS具有分析精度高、样品量少、测试速度快等诸多优点。本研究团队近年来建立了MC-ICP-MS高精度Li同位素分析方法,在天然样品、标准物质以及石英包裹体的Li同位素测定中都取得了良好结果。以此为依托,研究团队建立了适用于西藏本地岩石成因研究的Li同位素地质端元,并将Li同位素应用于青藏高原岩石圈结构及其隆升历史、川西碳酸岩型稀土矿床富集机制、四川呷村VMS型矿床成矿流体来源和四川甲基卡硬岩型Li矿床富集机理等方面。本文比较详细地综述了这些研究进展,旨在加深对Li同位素溶液分析技术的理解,展示其在地球化学研究中的良好应用前景。 相似文献
2.
石漠化程度遥感信息提取方法研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
岩溶石漠化是中国西南地区的一种严重的生态环境问题。近年来有进一步恶化的趋势。本文以贵州省普定县典型研究区IKONOS遥感数据为例,给出了一种利用多光谱遥感数据定量提取岩溶石漠化程度信息的算法。在多维光谱的向量空间分析的基础上,提出了“植被线”的概念,并定义“石漠化几何指数”(GRI)为多维向量空间中不同程度的石漠化像元到“植被线”的归一化距离。作者认为使用这种方法提取石漠化程度,可以避免人工解译的主观性强,工作量大的缺点。使提取到的石漠化程度结果客观稳定。 相似文献
3.
Snow and glacier melt are significant contributors to streamflow in Himalayan catchments, and their increasing contributions serve as key indicators of climate change. Consequently, the quantification of these streamflow components holds significant importance for effective water resource management. In this study, we utilized the spatio-temporal variability of isotopic signatures in stream water, rainfall, winter fresh snow, snowpack, glaciers, springs, and wells, in conjunction with hydrometeorological observations and Snow Cover Area (SCA) data, to identify water sources and develop a conceptual understanding of streamflow dynamics in three catchments (Lidder, Sindh, and Vishow) within the western Himalayas. The following results were obtained: (a) endmember contributions to the streamflow exhibit significant spatial and seasonal variability across the three catchments during 2018–2020; (b) snowmelt dominates streamflow, with average contributions across the entire catchment varying: 59% ± 9%, 55% ± 4%, 56% ± 6%, and 55% ± 9% in Lidder, 43% ± 6%, 38% ± 6%, 32% ± 4%, and 33% ± 5% in Sindh and 45% ± 8%, 40% ± 6%, 39% ± 6%, and 32% ± 5% in Vishow during spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons, respectively; (c) glacier melt contributions can reach ~30% to streamflow near the source regions during peak summer; (d) The primary uncertainties in streamflow components are attributed to the spatiotemporal variability of tracer signatures of winter fresh snow/snowpack (±1.9% to ±20%); (e)regarding future streamflow components, if the glacier contribution were to disappear completely, the annual average streamflow in Lidder and Sindh could decrease up to ~20%. The depletion of the cryosphere in the region has led to a rapid increase in runoff (1980–1900), but it has also resulted in a significant streamflow reduction due to glacier mass loss and changes in peak streamflow over the past three decades (1990–2020). The findings highlight the significance of environmental isotope analysis, which provides insights into water resources and offers a critical indication of the streamflow response to glacier loss under a changing climate. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Hyperspectral images (HSI) provide a new way to exploit the internal physical composition of the land scene. The basic platform for acquiring HSI data-sets are airborne or spaceborne spectral imaging. Retrieving useful information from hyperspectral images can be grouped into four categories. (1) Classification: Hyperspectral images provide so much spectral and spatial information that remotely sensed image classification has become a complex task. (2) Endmember extraction and spectral unmixing: Among images, only HSI have a complete model to represent the internal structure of each pixel where the endmembers are the elements. Identification of endmembers from HSI thus becomes the foremost step in interpretation of each pixel. With proper endmembers, the corresponding abundances can also be exactly calculated. (3) Target detection: Another practical problem is how to determine the existence of certain resolved or full pixel objects from a complex background. Constructing a reliable rule for separating target signals from all the other background signals, even in the case of low target occurrence and high spectral variation, comprises the key to this problem. (4) Change detection: Although change detection is not a new problem, detecting changes from hyperspectral images has brought new challenges, since the spectral bands are so many, accurate band-to-band correspondences and minor changes in subclass land objects can be depicted in HSI. In this paper, the basic theory and the most canonical works are discussed, along with the most recent advances in each aspect of hyperspectral image processing. 相似文献
7.
及时获取有效的土地覆盖信息是地球系统模拟的基础。因此,中等空间分辨率传感器如MODIS或MERIS空前的通道设置与观测能力,使其具有快速更新土地覆盖图的能力。本文说明了如何结合MERIS的空间维(像元大小为300m)、光谱维(可见光与近红外范围内15个通道)和时间维(重返周期2—3d),用于获取不同区域土地覆被组分的亚像元级组成权重。利用4月、7月和8月三期MERIS FR1b级数据得到荷兰主要土地覆被类型的组成权重。单一时相和多时相的数据都使用单个像元最优化的端元数进行线性光谱分解。利用一种形态偏离指数得到MERIS的空间维并用于端元的选择。应用荷兰土地利用数据库(LGN5)25m分辨率的栅格数据作为本文的参考数据。基于这种数据的高分辨率,因此可以从像元和亚像元的水平同时评价的分类精度。结果显示,结合4月和7月的影像可以获得最优的分类结果,精度约为58%。总的说来,亚像元和像元级的分类精度相似。通过几种组分类别和日期的光谱融合表明,物候状况对于数据获取时相最佳结合的选择以及正确识别土地覆盖类型的重要性。 相似文献
8.
城市不透水表面遥感估算研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
作为城市化水平的关键指示因子,不透水表面已经被广泛应用在城市生态环境评估中。利用TM影像,采用附有限制条件的线性光谱混合模型对北京城区的不透水表面分布进行空间分析。通过高反照率、低反照率、植被及土壤4类光谱端元的线性组合表征城市土地覆盖类型,综合剔除噪声影响后的高、低反照率分量,估算北京城区不透水表面分布。研究结果表明:利用附有限制条件的线性光谱分解得到的RMS平均值为0.003428。其不透水表面分布结果与同期spot-5对比验证,R2为0.932,均方根误差为0.086,结果令人满意。 相似文献
9.
10.