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三峡截流以来长江洪季潮区界变动河段冲刷地貌 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
潮区界河段河势演变对三峡工程的响应是长江经济带建设中的重要问题。然而受观测手段所限,对三峡截流以来潮区界变动范围及其地貌演变的客观认识亟待探讨。对大通站洪季水位资料进行频谱分析,初步判断了近期长江洪季潮区界位置;对比1998年和2013年水下地形资料,分析了三峡大坝截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤演变特征;利用多波束测深系统对冲刷明显河段的微地貌进行了高分辨率观测。结果显示:(1)1998-2013年潮区界变动河段河槽整体冲刷5 649.7万m3。其中,上段全面冲刷,太白、太阳两洲并岸,铜陵沙被冲开,主槽刷深达5.6 m;中段主泓摆动,天然洲南冲北淤,黑沙洲中水道淤死,南水道左岸最大冲深达8.9 m;下段近岸冲刷强烈,北岸最大冲深达15.4 m;(2)该河段近期处于剧烈的冲刷环境,左岸冲刷尤为显著;(3)冲刷深槽分布在顺直河段,深达5.4~12.6 m;冲刷坑分布在分汊河段平面形态突变处,最大冲深达28.1~30.5 m;水下侵蚀陡坡分布在近岸侵蚀严重的顺直河段,坡度为0.59~0.62。 相似文献
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扎台沟为一老泥石流沟,历史上曾多次发生过泥石流。通过野外考察、实验分析和理论计算,扎台沟流域面积4.86km2,主沟长4.53km,主沟平均纵比降420‰。共发育5条主要支沟,流域切割密度2.19km/km2,源头海拔3100m,沟口海拔1197m,主沟相对高差1903m,与西溪河以62°交角汇入。扎台沟为中高频率-中大规模粘性泥石流沟,目前已辩明,近1000a内至少发生过3次大规模泥石流,泥石流重度2.0t/m3,沟道堵塞系数1.5。扎台沟50a一遇和100a一遇泥石流流量分别为155.77m3/s和178.19m3/s;50a一遇和100a一遇泥石流固体物质冲出量分别为16.39×104m3及18.14×104m3,是一条中度危险的泥石流沟,对下游水电站其中一处拟选坝址有一定影响。如无法避开扎台沟泥石流对拟选坝址的影响,可考虑对该泥石流沟采取选择性整治工程措施。 相似文献
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针对江汉平原区堤垸人工微地貌,综合局部地形分析、水流模拟分析以及GIS空间分析和地统计分析方法,利用SRTM DEM数据进行微地貌自动提取研究。根据人工微地貌特点,构建一种局部地形形态分析方法来对结构线位置进行标示,并提出一种流域合并的方法来进行微地貌结构线提取;进而综合上述两种方法的计算结果,提出平原区人工微地貌的组合提取方法。研究结果表明该方法可较好实现平原区垸堤人工微地貌结构线提取。 相似文献
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Soil moisture is a critical state affecting a variety of land surface and subsurface processes. We report investigation results of the factors controlling vertical variation of soil moisture and sand transport rate of three types of dunes on the southeastern margin of the Mu Us Sandy Land. Samples were taken from holes drilled to a depth of 4 m at different topographic sites on the dunes, and were analyzed for soil moisture, grain-size distribution and surface sediment discharge. The results show that: (1) The average soil moisture varies in different types of dunes, with the following sequences ordered from highest to lowest: in the shrubs-covered dunes and the trees-covered dunes the sequence is from inter-dunes lowland to windward slope to leeward slope. The average moisture in the bare-migratory sand dunes is sequenced from inter-dunes lowland to leeward slope to windward slope. (2) Vegetation form and surface coverage affect the range of soil moisture of different types of dunes in the same topographic position. The coefficient of variation of soil moisture for shrubs-covered dunes is higher than that of other types of dune. (3) The effect of shrubs on dune soil moisture is explained in terms of the greater ability of shrubs to trap fine-grained atmospheric dust and hold moisture. (4) The estimated sand transport rates over sand dunes with sparse shrubs are less than those over bare-migratory dunes or sand dunes with sparse trees, indicating that shrubs are more effective in inhibiting wind erosion in the sandy land area. 相似文献
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