Beaver dam analogues drive heterogeneous groundwater–surface water interactions     

Jeffrey Wade  Laura Lautz  Christa Kelleher  Philippe Vidon  Julianne Davis  Julio Beltran  Casey Pearce 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5340-5353

Beaver dam analogues (BDAs) are a cost-effective stream restoration approach that leverages the recognized environmental benefits of natural beaver dams on channel stability and local hydrology. Although natural beaver dams are known to exert considerable influence on the hydrologic conditions of a stream system by mediating geomorphic processes, nutrient cycling, and groundwater–surface water interactions, the impacts of beaver-derived restoration methods on groundwater–surface water exchange are poorly characterized. To address this deficit, we monitored hyporheic exchange fluxes and streambed porewater biogeochemistry across a sequence of BDAs installed along a central Wyoming stream during the summer of 2019. Streambed fluxes were quantified by heat tracing methods and vertical hydraulic gradients. Biogeochemical activity was evaluated using major ion porewater chemistry and principal component analysis. Vertical fluxes of approximately 1.0 m/day were observed around the BDAs, as was the development of spatially heterogeneous zones of nitrate production, groundwater upwelling, and anaerobic reduction. Strong contrasts in hyporheic zone processes were observed across BDAs of differing sizes. This suggests that structures may function with size-dependent behaviour, only altering groundwater–surface water interactions after a threshold hydraulic step height is exceeded. Patterns of hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical cycling around the studied BDAs resemble those around natural beaver dams, suggesting that BDAs may provide comparable benefits to channel complexity and near-stream function over a 1-year period.  相似文献   

Plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features     

Xiaoan Zuo  Halin Zhao  Xueyong Zhao  Yirui Guo  Yulin Li  Yayong Luo 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1111-1120

A survey was conducted in an 11-year recovery mobile dune (RMD11) and a 20-year recovery mobile dune (RMD20), in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China, to determine plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features. The results showed that (1) vegetation cover and species number increased from dune top to bottom in the restoration process of mobile dune; (2) the average value of soil organic C, total N, pH, relative height of sampling site, very fine sand content and soil water contents (40−60 and 60−80 cm) of RMD11 were less than that of RMD20, respectively, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two dunes; (3) soil resources were redistributed by shrub restoration and relative height of sampling site on dune. The distribution of sand pioneer plant, Agriophyllum squarrosum, was positively related to the relative height of sampling site and soil water content, while that of other herbaceous plants was positively related to soil nutrients in the restoration process of mobile dune. These results suggest that at mobile dune scale, plant distributions are determined by a combination of soil properties and topographic feature. Much effort should be made to preserve the interdune lowland and to improve the level of soil nutrients on mobile dune.  相似文献   

Environmental risk evaluation of the use of mine spoils and treated sewage sludge in the ecological restoration of limestone quarries     

M. M. Jordán  S. Pina  F. García-Orenes  M. B. Almendro-Candel  E. García-Sánchez 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):453-462

The ecologic restoration criteria in areas degraded from extraction activities require making use of their mine spoils. These materials do not meet fertility conditions to guarantee restoration success and therefore, need the incorporation of organic amendments to obtain efficient substratum. Reducing the deficiencies in the organic material and restoration material nutrients with the contribution of treated sewage sludge is proposed in this work. This experiment was based on a controlled study using columns. The work was conducted with two mine spoils, both very rich in calcium carbonate. The first mineral, of poor quality, came from the formation of aggregates of crushed limestone (Z). The other residual material examined originated in limestone extraction, formed by the levels of interspersed non-limestone materials and the remains of stripped soils (D). Two treatments were undertaken (30,000 and 90,000 kg/ha of sewage sludge), in addition to a control treatment. The water contribution was carried out with a device that simulated either short-duration rain or a flooding irrigation system in order to cover the surface and then percolate through the soil. The collection of leached water took place 24 h after the applications. Different parameters of the leached water were determined, including pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate anions, ammonium, phosphates, sulphates and chlorides. The values obtained for each irrigation application are discussed, and the nitrate values obtained were very elevated.  相似文献   

Genetic history of the population of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under restoration in the Connecticut River, USA     

Ayllon  Fernando; Martinez  Jose L.; Juanes  Francis; Gephard  Stephen; Garcia-Vazquez  Eva 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(7):1286-1289

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Seabed Morphology and Pollution Along the Bagnoli Coast (Naples, Italy): a Hypothesis for Environmental Restoration     

Tommaso De  Pippo  Carlo Donadio  Micla Pennetta  Francesco Terlizzi  Carlo Vecchione  Margherita Vegliante 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):154-168

Abstract. The interaction of coastal and submarine morphology with the hydrodynamic regimes exerts a control on coastal dynamic processes, conditioning the dispersion of sediments and potential pollutants existing in the area. Thus, the study of such parameters is useful in order to define environmental threats. Within the submerged sector of the Bagnoli coast and particularly in the southern part of the investigated area, there are sediment groups composed of very fine sands located in low-energy zones due to wave refraction and diffraction; they can also be found on the sea bottom and on the man-made structures typical of this zone. These areas show high pollutant levels of N, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated bi-phenyls (PCBs). The northern area, a place of high-energy hydrodynamic processes, also shows high concentration levels of pollutants due to the presence of secondary cell circulation.
Morphological research and analysis of textural characteristics of bottom sediments along the Bagnoli coast allowed the actual processes and their evolution in space and time to be defined. It has also been possible to correlate such processes to the seabed morphology system, the wave formations which affect the coast, the complex system of sediment transport, as well as to the man-made interventions in the area. The results of recent chemical analyses of beach sediments and bottom sediments off the Bagnoli coast were also incorporated. They prove the presence of heavy metals, PAHs and PCBs in high and sometimes very high concentrations. Finally, based on the results of research and analyses, a hypothesis for an intervention for environmental restoration has been formulated in order to renaturalise the coast through dredging and treatment of the sand, both on the seabed and on the emerged beach.  相似文献   

Community turnover provides insight into variable invertebrate recovery between restored streams with different integrated catchment management plans     

Sharon Elizabeth Graham  John Martin Quinn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2020,54(3):467-489

ABSTRACT

Understanding temporal patterns in restored environments is important for identifying potential barriers to recovery and improved management of degraded habitats. In this paper, we use temporal beta diversity analyses to compare invertebrate community recovery trajectories in three restored agricultural stream sites under different integrated catchment plans, a native forest reference site, and two unmodified pasture control stream sites over 24 years. The restored sites diverged from their initial community composition over time and became more similar to the reference site community, which was relatively stable over time. Variation partitioning showed that prior to restoration beta diversity was primarily associated with environmental and spatial drivers, whereas post-restoration beta diversity was more influenced by temporal and environmental drivers, including changes in substrate size, fine sediments, water clarity, and nutrients, as well as temperature and flow regime. Species’ contributions to beta diversity varied between sites and years, with sensitive EPT taxa contributing more in reference and control sites. However, contributions of some EPT species, particularly mayflies, increased in restored sites post-ICM. In summary, after nearly two decades of ICM, restored stream sites show recovery towards reference conditions, yet differences persist, indicating that rehabilitation may take longer, depending on the restoration goals.  相似文献   

厦门海沧海岸地区采石废弃地生态恢复研究     

陈瑞琛  黄义雄 《台湾海峡》2002,21(2):252-257

本文分析了厦门海沧海岸地区花岗岩资源开发利用现状和存在的问题，运用生态恢复理论讨论了矿山采石高难度地生态恢复技术途径和模式。  相似文献   

全程注浆在隧道穿越既有建筑物中的试验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

逢铁铮 《岩土力学》2008,29(12):3451-3458

厦门市成功大道工程是福建省2005年重点建设项目,项目由多座立交和两条特长城市隧道组成,其中莲前至梧村山隧道里程长度为3 700 m,采用双洞双向6车道标准.隧道在埔南工业区的685 m段采用跨度达34 m的浅埋连拱结构穿越地面67栋密集建构筑物.洞项至地表的覆盖层只有7～24 m,水文、地质较差,洞顶基本为杂填土和残积亚黏土层,洞底多为全、强风化花岗岩,地下饱和水位高(局部洞身地处海平面以下20 m左右),施工风险极大.为了保证既有地面建构筑物的安全,提出了以过程控制和过程恢复为核心的全过程注浆方案,并预留104#和105#拆迁房为试验楼,采取地面注浆和洞内注浆的方法来进行过程控制和房屋抬升的试验.在现场试验中,根据全过程注浆的思路,提出了建筑物安全风险控制标准.通过室内试验比较了不同浆液的注浆效果,分析实际施工中房屋摹础改造和地基注浆加固、动态跟踪注浆以及工后房屋恢复抬升的特点和效果.在注浆过程中进行实时的信息反馈和分析,进而了解注浆工艺和参数与地层加崮效果和建筑物抬升效果之间的关系,得出了一系列有意义的结论.试验结果为隧道后续穿越建构筑物施工提供经验和指导,研究思路可为类似的隧道穿越工程提供一定的参考.  相似文献   

面积平衡法与川东大池干推覆带区域滑脱面预测   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

刘玉萍  张洁  尹宏伟  徐士进 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(4)

本文详细介绍了面积平衡法的原理与方法,并将该方法应用于川东大池干构造的解释。利用面积平衡法,本文预测出在该地区可能有三个较大的区域滑脱面,它们分别位于3.53km处的中三叠统(由石膏、盐岩和泥页岩组成),7.79km处的下寒武统(由页岩、石膏和岩盐层组成),以及8.67km处的下寒武统(由页岩、石膏和岩盐层组成)地层之中。根据以上滑脱面的分析结果,作者认为大池干构造可以解释为滑脱褶皱和断层转折褶皱两种成因模式。在滑脱褶皱模式中,主滑脱面为8.67km处的非能干层;在断层转折褶皱模式中,该地区被认为具有上下两个滑脱面,其上滑脱面为3.53km处的非能干层,而其下滑脱面为7.79km处的非能干层。两种模式所对应的面积深度直线都具有较好的相关性,表明两种构造解释都具有内部岩层一致性,剖面达到平衡,故具有相对的合理性。  相似文献   

大民屯凹陷烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

逯向阳 《沉积与特提斯地质》2008,28(4):14-17

烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复具有重要的现实和理论意义。笔者在对比多种方法的基础上,对大民屯凹陷的烃源岩的有机质丰度进行了恢复。  相似文献