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R. L. Raddatz R. J. Galley B. G. Else T. N. Papakyriakou M. G. Asplin L. M. Candlish 《大气与海洋》2014,52(2):125-141
The data-collection campaign for the 2008 International Polar Year–Circumpolar Flaw Lead System Study saw the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen, a research icebreaker, overwinter in high-concentration unconsolidated sea ice in Amundsen Gulf. Environmental monitoring continued into the open-water season. During this period, the Amundsen registered five relatively deep mean sea-level pressure minima (less than 100?kPa). Three were selected for further analysis based on season and the nature of the underlying ocean or sea-ice surface: (1) a winter pressure minimum over unconsolidated sea ice, (2) a spring pressure minimum which likely contributed to the break-up of the sea-ice cover on Amundsen Gulf, and (3) a summer pressure minimum over open water. The characteristics of these pressure minima and the impact of their passage on the atmospheric boundary layer and on the sea-ice cover as they crossed Amundsen Gulf were examined. Several features were revealed by the analysis. (1) The winter and summer pressure minima were migratory cyclones accompanied by Arctic frontal waves with characteristics very similar to the polar frontal waves associated with the migratory cyclones found at more southerly latitudes, whereas the spring pressure minimum was attributed to an Arctic frontal trough of low pressure with the cyclonic centre remaining south of the Gulf. (2) The passage of the frontal-wave cyclone in winter and the frontal trough of low pressure in spring disrupted the equilibrium that had been established during more settled periods between the atmospheric boundary layer and the mosaic surface (leads, polynyas, and sea ice); however, equilibrium was quickly re-established. (3) In summer, the thermal structure of the lower atmospheric boundary layer persisted through the passage of the frontal-wave cyclone over the open-water surface. (4) The passage of the frontal-wave cyclone in winter and the frontal trough of low pressure in spring modified the mesoscale sea-icescape. 相似文献
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复杂地形城市冬季边界层气溶胶扩散和分布模拟 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
着眼于城市冬季气溶胶扩散特征问题,针对地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区,开发了WRF模式,使之与包含了大气气溶胶辐射效应和气溶胶粒子扩散的综合大气边界层数值模式嵌套,以模拟城市冬季边界层气溶胶的扩散和分布规律。通过一个个例的模拟结果分析,揭示了兰州冬季气溶胶的扩散分布的如下特征;市区盆地内100 m以下存在东、西两个浓度高值中心,中心值为0.6~3.0 mg.m-3,往上浓度递减,1000 m高度处仅为0.02 mg.m-3。受排放源强、源高、气象场等因素的共同影响,白天盆地内气溶胶浓度随高度和时间的变化强烈,白天浓度随时间最大变化幅度为1.0 mg.m-3。气溶胶输送扩散高度可达到600~800 m,此高度以上浓度值很小。代表性测点上模拟的气溶胶浓度廓线表明,中午浓度达到最高,垂直扩散最强。这些结果与以往的烟雾层高度观测和气溶胶光学厚度观测结果吻合。夜间,盆地内气溶胶浓度随高度和时间的变化减弱,气溶胶输送扩散高度在400~500m,夜间浓度随时间变化平均幅度为0.05 mg.m-3。 相似文献
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Michail A. Strunin Tetsuya Hiyama Jun Asanuma Tetsuo Ohata 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,111(3):491-522
This study investigates the convective boundary layer (CBL) that develops over anon-homogeneous surface under different thermal and dynamic conditions. Analysesare based on data obtained from a Russian research aircraft equipped with turbulentsensors during the GAME-Siberia experiment over Yakutsk in Siberia, from April to June 2000.Mesoscale thermal internal boundary layers (MTIBLs) that radically modified CBLdevelopment were observed under unstable atmospheric conditions. It was found thatMTIBLs strongly influenced the vertical and horizontal structures of virtual potentialtemperature, specific humidity and, most notably, the vertical sensible and latent heatfluxes. MTIBLs in the vicinity of the Lena River lowlands were confirmed by clouddistributions in satellite pictures.MTIBLs spread through the entire CBL and radically modify its structure if the CBL isunstable, and strong thermal features on the underlying surface have horizontal scalesexceeding 10 km. MTIBL detection is facilitated through the use of special parameterslinking shear stress and convective motion.The turbulent structure of the CBL with and without MTIBLs was scaled usingthe mosaic or flux aggregate approach. A non-dimensional parameterLRau/Lhetero (where LRau is Raupach's length and Lhetero is the horizontal scale of the surface heterogeneity)estimates the application limit of similarity and local similarity scaling models forthe mosaic parts over the surface. Normalized vertical profiles of wind speed, airtemperature, turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes for the mosaic parts withLRauLhetero < 1 could be estimated by typical scalingcurves for the homogeneous CBL. Traditional similarity scaling models for the CBLcould not be applied for the mosaic parts with LRau/Lhetero > 1.For some horizontally non-homogeneous CBLs, horizontal sensible heat fluxes werecomparable with the vertical fluxes. The largest horizontal sensible heat fluxes occurred at the top of the surface layer and below the top of the CBL.Formerly affiliated to the Frontier Observational Research System for Global ChangeFormerly affiliated to the Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change 相似文献
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冬季北京城市近地层的气象特征 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
运用2001年1～3月北京大气边界层和大气化学综合试验期间,中国科学院大气物理研究所铁塔上所获得的8～320 m 15层风、温度和湿度梯度资料,对冬季北京城市边界层特征进行了诊断分析.结果表明,在冬季北京城市边界层中,平均而言地表粗糙度为1.34、零平均位移约为20 m;温度基本上随高度呈线性变化;风速随高度的变化并不总遵循对数关系,尤其是在午前和夜间,风速与高度之间对数关系的不显著率可达30%～40%.不能简单套用在Monin-Obuhov相似理论中由Businger-Dve风廓线层结订正获得的近地面层动量、热量和水汽湍流输送计算公式. 相似文献
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水、陆不均匀条件下大气边界层结构的模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用2004年白洋淀野外观测实验资料,对白洋淀地区水、陆不均匀分布条件下的大气边界层开展了数值模拟试验,结果表明:由于下垫面的热力差异,在360多km2的白洋淀地区,地表特征分布的不均匀可以引发弱的局地环流,影响大气边界层内温度和湿度的空间分布;在500m高度以下,下垫面不均匀分布对湍流动能有明显影响.最后将模拟结果与观测资料进行了对比检验. 相似文献
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根据 2 0 0 0年夏季在北京 32 5 m铁塔上的一次梯度观测实验 ,给出 8m,12 0 m和 2 80 m三层上的 NO、NO2 、O3 浓度的观测结果。对 NO,NO2 ,O3 小时平均浓度的日变化和垂直分布规律进行了分析 ,结果发现 :(1)各高度上的 NO,NO2 ,O3 浓度均有明显的日变化特征 ,阴雨天的日变化更加复杂 ;(2 ) O3 在晴朗白天有单、双及三峰型分布 ;(3)相对于 12 0 m和 2 80 m,近地面 8m处的 NO浓度最高 ,而 O3 浓度最低 ;(4) NO2 、O3 日平均浓度日变化振幅 12 0 m处最大 ;(5 )中午前后 NO,NO2 ,O3 浓度均在 12 0 m最高。 相似文献
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陆面过程研究的现状与发展趋势 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：25
对目前陆面过程研究的现状及存在的问题进行了总结,并且提出了与边界层研究有关的几个前沿方向:①非均匀下垫面地表湍流通量的参数化及中尺度通量的参数化方法;②边界层理论在复杂地形条件下的应用,以及次网格地形对通量输送的影响;③进一步改进GCM中冠层地表水文参数化;④边界层的层云和层积云的参数化。 相似文献
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南京秋季辐射雾与平流雾边界层气象要素特征比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用南京市200 m气象铁塔的梯度观测资料、L波段探空雷达以及常规气象资料,对南京地区2010年两次秋季大雾天气过程进行了对比分析.结果表明:①两次大雾天气分别为典型的辐射雾和平流雾.②在两类大雾的发展过程中,对流层低层都存在较厚的逆温层,其中辐射雾存在多层辐射逆温和下沉逆温,而平流雾仅存在一层由暖平流形成的强逆温;边界层内辐射雾的贴地逆温强度明显强于平流雾,另外两次过程中均存在上层逆温.③雾的发展与地面气温的演变均有较好的对应关系:均是在地面气温出现突降、贴地逆温强度突增之后,边界层相对湿度随之显著上升,雾增强发展;辐射雾的雾顶高度远高于平流雾.④边界层风速呈现明显的峰值变化,且这种风速的脉动与雾的发展有一定的对应关系:当各层风速出现陡降后,雾增强发展,而后随着湍流的加强,雾趋于消散. 相似文献