排序方式： 共有17条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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修改了England和Mckenzie的黏性薄层流变模型中控制大陆形变的连续性方程,将剥蚀作用对高原隆升演化的影响直接引入该方程,并考虑下伏地幔小尺度对流对增厚岩石层的搬离作用对高原隆升演化后期的影响,用有限差分法直接模拟青藏高原隆升过程. 数值模拟结果所显示的高原隆升演化过程与实际观测资料吻合较好,揭示了高原隆升演化过程的非平稳和多阶段的特性;同时还表明上地幔小尺度对流对岩石层底部的搬离作用可能是最近8Ma以来高原快速隆升的主导机制. 相似文献
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Adrian C. Armstrong 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1982,7(3):283-284
The constant base boundary condition used by Kirkby to derive characteristic form solutions to the continuity equation are unlikely in practice. Constant form solutions relying on constant basal erosion are however more probable. 相似文献
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M. J. Kirkby 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(3):287-288
Intermediates between a fixed basal elevation and a constant rate of downcutting throughout the slope profile are perhaps more realistic than either extreme case. 相似文献
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大气凝结水汽汇、凝结潜热作用与积云对流参数化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从引入包含质量(水汽)源、汇的连续方程出发,重新推导出大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水之水汽汇起作用的热力学方程,从而重新给出气压、气温预报方程及地面气压与高空位势高度预报方程。发现,在此基础上,才能实现凝结3个作用:气块水汽质量流失与气压降低;气块虚温降低;加热气块;和通过大气运动方程,实现大气凝结潜热“热机”作功。这时,对于预报气压、气温场,积云对流参数化方案中的参数在凝结3个作用中保持一致。否则,通过积云对流参数化方案,虽可以近似实现对于预报气压和气温场的凝结3个作用,但不可能调好参数的降水物理特性及其时空分布特征。且对于静力模式预报地面气压和高空位势高度场,不可能实现上述的第一凝结作用。最后表明,当模式分辨率提高到只用降水显式方案、不再用积云对流参数化方案后,则必须引入包含水汽源、汇的连续方程。因在热带海洋面上的水蒸发过程,水汽进入大气将改变地面气压场,且蒸发潜热可分为内潜热(水汽内能)和外潜热(水汽压力能),内潜热立即成为大气热能的一部分,而外潜热直接对大气层作功,使得大气位能增加。文中研究了大气中的大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水对气压场与位势高度场的影响。一般积云对流参数化方案都已考虑内潜热对大气的加热作用,但还须考虑因凝结与降水造成地面气压场及高空位势高度场的变化,后者应是外潜热作用的结果。在上述研究过程中,必须引入考虑凝结作用的连续方程,且最终可以改变有降水(包括大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水)发生时的数值预报模式动力框架。 相似文献
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A six-step practical approach to semivariogram modeling 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
Geostatistical prediction and simulation are being increasingly used in the earth sciences and engineering to address the imperfect knowledge of attributes that fluctuate over large areas or volumes—pollutant concentration, electromagnetic fields, porosity, thickness of a geological formation. Central to the application of such techniques is the need to know the spatial continuity, knowledge that is commonly condensed in the form of covariance or semivariogram models. Their preparation is subdivided here into the following steps: (1) Data editing, (2) Exploratory data analysis, (3) Semivariogram estimation, (4) Directional investigation, (5) Simple modeling, (6) Nested modeling. I illustrate these stages practically with a real data set from a geophysical survey from Elk County, Kansas, USA. The applicability of the approach is not limited by the physical nature of the attribute of interest. 相似文献
6.
Jane Tooke 《Geoforum》2000,31(4):567-574
Institutions are objects of study that raise questions about the relationship between continuity and change. Employment is changing and for this reason it presents an opportunity to explore how it is that paid work might be thought of as an institutional ‘space’ that is made up of enduring and shifting power relations. This paper views institutions through a lens of ‘power-geometries’, that is, as complex webs of relations of domination and subordination (Massey, D., 1992. New Left Review 196, 65–84). The paper illustrates these power-geometries by exploring employment in local authority cleansing depots in South East England. I concentrate on how the inequity of employment relations enables the institutionalisation of work practices. Employment relations were found to have shifted to different degrees according to the particular geographies and histories of labour markets, employer strategies, local politics and worker solidarities. Despite these variations the asymmetry of employment relations is seen to have endured. I conclude by arguing that whilst power-geometries are not fixed, when ‘institutionalised’ they are not easily changed during ‘everyday’ interaction. 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTION Mountains higher than 100m occupy 63% of the land area in Taiwan. Serious flood disasters and muddy flows usually occur in the rainy season. To reduce the disasters from hillslope development, the government published the Norm of Soil and Water Conservation Treatment (NSWCT) in 1994. One of the most important treatments is that detention ponds and grit chambers are essential facilities for reducing increased peak flow disasters and sediment yield. 309 volumes on soil… 相似文献
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讨论了集值随机过程Ｘ 的样本函数在闭收敛拓扑意义下的连续性,建立了此类性质与Ｘ 产生的实值随机过程ｄ（ｘ ,Ｘ） ,（ ｘ ∈Ｒｍ） 及其ＡＱＣａｓｔｉｎｇ 选择形成的向量值随机过程ｆｋ（ ｋ ≥１） 的样本函数连续性的等价关系。 相似文献
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采用陕西及周边地区7213个雨量站资料,分析了2011年9月1-18日期间华西地区降水量分布特征,结果表明：该时段累计降水量是历史同期水平的2-3倍,持续时间长,致灾严重。降水主要分为4-6日、11日和16-18日3次大的过程。利用NCEP 1°×1°的资料分析3次过程的水汽和环流特征,表明暴雨区低层的主要水汽输送,除了偏南气流从川东一带向北输送外,还有偏东气流从华北平原南部一带向西输送。与3次降水过程对应,华西地区500 hPa有3次西风槽过境,700 hPa偏南风和850 hPa偏北风分别出现3个明显的控制时段;700 hPa偏南气流先期输送大量暖湿空气到华西地区,形成不稳定层结,当遇到偏北风输送的干冷空气楔入其下将其抬升时,叠加槽前的动力抬升作用和地形造成的风场辐合抬升,使得对流活动增强,不稳定能量释放,暴雨发生。稳定的环流形势（乌拉尔山阻高）导致特定地形下形成持续的不稳定层结以及动力抬升条件被不断重复满足,从而不断引发上升运动释放不稳定能量,这是2011年华西秋雨稳定持续的根本原因。 相似文献