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全球贸易自由化对中国和世界经济的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
全球贸易自由化是当前和未来世界经济发展不可避免的趋势,2001年开始的多哈回合贸易自由化多边谈判和最近刚刚取消的“多种纤维协定”（MFA）将在全球贸易自由化进程中发挥重要的作用。本研究的目的是通过一些案例分析,揭示贸易自由化对中国和世界经济的影响。采用全球贸易模型,我们分析了MFA和在多哈回合初期欧盟、美国和凯恩斯集团分别提出的贸易自由化提案。研究结果表明,虽然取消MFA对一些国家纺织部门带来冲击,但它极大地促进了大多数国家经济的发展,改善了全球福利;多哈谈判过程中提出的各种贸易自由化提案都在不同程度上促进世界经济的发展,但其影响大小依次为凯恩斯提案、美国提案和欧盟提案;贸易自由化对经济的影响在不同部门和不同国家间存在显著差别;更大程度的贸易自由化不但符合全球共同利益,也符合中国国家利益;中国在推动全球贸易自由化过程中应发挥更积极和更大的作用。 相似文献
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Ren Verburg Elke Stehfest Geert Woltjer Bas Eickhout 《Global Environmental Change》2009,19(4):434-446
This study explores the effects of agricultural trade liberalisation and concomitant changes in agricultural areas and livestock production on greenhouse gas emissions using the coupled LEITAP–IMAGE modelling system. The results indicate that liberalisation leads to an increase in total greenhouse gas emissions by about 6% compared to the reference scenario value in 2015. The increase in CO2 emissions are caused by vegetation clearance due to a rapid expansion of agricultural area; mainly in South America and Southeast Asia. Increased methane emissions in the case of full liberalisation are caused by less intensive cattle farming in regions such as South America and Southeast Asia. This pattern is observed up to 2050. Total global production of milk, dairy and beef do not change with full liberalisation, but production shifts were observed from North America and Europe to South America and Southeast Asia. Results are less pronounced in variants where trade liberalisation is only implemented partially. Remarkably, our study shows in the trade barrier removal scenario larger numbers of dairy cows in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) then with full liberalisation scenario or a variant in which only milk quota are abolished. This illustrates that different types of liberalisation need to be analysed regionally and per commodity before general conclusions on the impact of trade liberalisation can be drawn. Our study contributes new information on greenhouse gas emissions to a vast number of trade liberalisation studies that focus on economic impacts. The combined economic-environmental impacts need to be assessed in detail before general conclusions on trade liberalisation can be given. 相似文献
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基于GTAP8数据库,构建了2004年和2007年全球多区域投入产出（MRIO）表,测算了中国、美国、欧盟和日本基于生产端和消费端的碳排放量,对比了中、美、欧、日各自对外贸易隐含碳特征,分析了中美、中欧、中日双边贸易中的隐含碳特点。结果表明：2004和2007年,中国基于生产端的碳排放高出消费端15%以上,而美、欧、日则低5%左右;中国是隐含碳净出口国,而美、欧、日则属于隐含碳净进口国;中国出口隐含碳最高的前三个行业依次是设备制造业、纺织服装业和其他制造业;美、欧出口隐含碳最多的行业则是设备制造业、交通业和石化工业,日本的出口隐含碳高度集中于设备制造业。 相似文献
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