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1.
M.P. Leubner 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(12):723-729
Clear signature of non-gyrotropic energetic electron distributions was found by ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 spacecrafts just upstream of the Earth's bow shock and recently detected by in situ observations of the WIND plasma experiment. On the other hand, the appearance of non-gyrotropic ion velocity distributions is well established in the magnetotail providing evidence of magnetic reconnection processes. Motivated by these findings we introduce an analytical representation of non-Maxwellian/non-gyrotropic distribution functions, accurately fitting the characteristics of observations, where Maxwellians are recovered as special case of these highly general velocity space distributions. In particular, the analytical distribution function model can serve as basis of detailed wave-particle interaction analysis and of studies of the physical background of the evolution of both, non-gyrotropic electron and ion distributions, which is discussed for various space plasma environments. 相似文献
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王发君 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1992,10(1):84-91
Based on a puff model . and together with the consideration of convection , dispersion and descent of suspended waste particles in marine environment , a numerical model is presented to predict the initial sedimentation of waste particles discharged from ocean outfalls in coastal waters and to compute the stable sedimentation rate in homogeneous trde current fields with water depth constant . When the time step selected is small enough , the results from this model agree well with that from the semi-analytical solution , and have sufficient precision for evaluating the impact on the environment caused by sedimentation of waste particles discharged from ocean outfalls. A numerical example is given for predicting the sedimentation of waste particles discharged in Heishijiao , Dalian . 相似文献
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J. M. De Buizer 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(1):277-298
The results of a survey searching for outflows using near-infrared imaging are presented. Targets were chosen from a compiled list of massive young stellar objects associated with methanol masers in linear distributions. Presently, it is a widely held belief that these methanol masers are found in (and delineate) circumstellar accretion discs around massive stars. If this scenario is correct, one way to test the disc hypothesis is to search for outflows perpendicular to the methanol maser distributions. The main objective of the survey was to obtain wide-field near-infrared images of the sites of linearly distributed methanol masers using a narrow-band 2.12-μm filter. This filter is centred on the H2 v = 1–0 S(1) line; a shock diagnostic that has been shown to successfully trace CO outflows from young stellar objects. 28 sources in total were imaged of which 18 sources display H2 emission. Of these, only two sources showed emission found to be dominantly perpendicular to the methanol maser distribution. Surprisingly, the H2 emission in these fields is not distributed randomly, but instead the majority of sources are found to have H2 emission dominantly parallel to their distribution of methanol masers. These results seriously question the hypothesis that methanol masers exist in circumstellar discs. The possibility that linearly distributed methanol masers are instead directly associated with outflows is discussed. 相似文献
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Lawrence M. Mayer Peter T. Rahaim William Guerin Stephen A. Macko Les Watling Franz E. Anderson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(4):491-503
A variety of measures of organic matter concentration and quality were made on samples collected from the top few mm of intertidal mudflat sediment over the course of a year, in order to assess the relative importance of biological and sedimentological influences on sedimentary organic matter. Winter and summer were times of relatively fine-grained sediment accumulation, caused by biological deposition or stabilization processes and resulting in higher organic matter concentrations. Stable carbon isotope and Br:C ratios indicated a planktonic source of bulk organic matter. Ratios of organic carbon to specific surface area of the sediments were consistent with an organic monolayer coverage of sediment grains. Correction for changing grain size during the year showed no change in the organic concentration per unit surface area, in spite of organic matter inputs by in situ primary production, buildup of heterotroph biomass and mucus coatings, and biodeposition of organic-rich seston. There were also no indications of changes in bulk organic quality, measured as hydrolyzable carbohydrates and amino acids, in response to these biological processes. It is concluded that biological processes on a seasonal time scale affect the bulk organic matter of these sediments via a modulation of grain size rather than creation or decay of organic matter. 相似文献
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