Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan＇s Mountain Forests     

Matthias Schmidt 《山地科学学报》2005,2(2):91-104

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework, this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan＇s walnut-fruit forests over the last century The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side, their interests and demands, and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management - and even the recognition of different forest products as resources - are connected with political and socioeconomic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique, characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products; and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule, when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era, a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly, which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions, but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present, the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate, which has resulted in the forests＇ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization, increased communication and transregional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today, walnut wood and burls, walnuts, wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless, it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors - the present transformation and globalization processes, the appearance of new actors, the local population＇s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions - are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests, resulting in their degradation.  相似文献   

山东半岛东部诸岛水域叶绿素—a含量和初级生产力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柴心玉  高尚德 《海洋湖沼通报》1996,(3):39-48

据１９９０．１１－１９９１年８月期间，山东半岛东部诸岛水域调查资料，分析了该水域叶绿素－ａ含量的时空分布和初级生产力的分布与变化，此分布与该水域的温度和营养盐水含量密切相关。叶绿素－ａ含量的季节变化分三种类型，年变幅为０．１１－１２．８１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，年平均值为１．１７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。初级生产力夏季〉春季〉秋季〉冬季，年变幅为２３．００－７９１．６０ｍｇ．ｃ／ｍ＾２．ｄ年平均为１５２．０ｍｇ．ｃ／ｍ  相似文献   

浅析长白山自然保护区旅游发展中的生态环境保护问题     

王慧玲 《吉林地质》2008,27(2)

长白山自然保护区是我国建立较早的和典型的自然保护区之一,其主要功能是进行自然生态环境的保护。但是,为了克服保护资金短缺境况,长白山自然保护区将发展旅游业作为生态环境保护工作资金支持的一条途径,而旅游业曾长期被认为是对生态环境影响微乎其微的产业,但自长白山开始发展旅游业以来,经济效益的实现似乎掩盖了原本的生态环境保护目标。本文在分析了长白山旅游发展对生态环境造成的负面影响之后,提出了一系列在长白山旅游发展过程中生态环境的保护措施,以期兼顾长白山自然保护区发展和保护两大目标的实现。  相似文献   

黄海北部长山群岛海洋农牧化分区探讨   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张耀光 《地理学报》1991,46(1):47-56

本文采用主成分-聚类分析等定量方法,并通过对长山群岛海域的资源、环境、生产条件等的相似性和差异性分析,将其划分为三个海洋农牧化区域,为海水养殖业的合理布局提供科学依据。  相似文献   

长白山锦北雨养泥炭剖面元素富集规律分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

贾琳  王国平  刘景双 《湿地科学》2006,4(3):187-192

为了揭示长白山锦北泥炭沼泽区泥炭沉积环境和重金属元素的历史变化及其对环境的指示意义,利用荷兰W ardenaar泥炭采样器采取泥炭样品并对样品进行高分辨率切割。用原子吸收分光光度计和等离子体发射光谱仪测定不同深度剖面Ca,Mg,Na,K,A l,Ti,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Pb,Cr,N i和Co的浓度。研究分析了Ca,Mg,Na,K,A l,Ti,Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Cr,N i和Co在泥炭剖面的分布趋势并对其进行了相关分析和富集分析,得出Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Cr,N i和Co呈显著相关且在泥炭表层明显累积,揭示出泥炭表层重金属元素的大气沉降来源,表明近年来人类重金属消耗量及排放量的增加是大气沉降重金属元素的主要释放源,而且环境中重金属污染有加重的趋势。  相似文献   

黄汲清院士与第四纪冰川研究     

施雅风 《冰川冻土》1996,18(4):289-295

黄汲清院士是在多方面作出重大贡献的地质学大师，也是第四纪冰川研究的先驱者。他于１９３２￣１９３５年在瑞士完成博士论文期间，受到良好的冰川地质学训练。于１９４３￣１９４４年与合作者对天山南麓台兰河谷中游地质调查中，对冰碛与非冰碛沉积物进行仔细的正确的调查和精美的地质制图，撰写出高水平的论文，由此对中国第四纪冰川研究作出了重要贡献。他关注中国东部第四纪冰川研究的进展，指出忽视古气候研究是工作中的重要缺  相似文献   

毛洋头铀（银,钼）矿床同位素地球化学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈迪云  章邦桐 《地球化学》1997,26(3):28-36

毛洋头铀矿床的（Ｈ、Ｏ）同位素特征表明：早期矿化热液主要为岩浆水，而晚期矿化热液则主要为大气降水。铅同位素组成反映该矿床中铅为不同来源的混合铅。Ｃ、Ｓ同位素组成变化范围小，且与火成岩的Ｃ、Ｓ同位素组成相当，说明矿床中的碳和硫主要淋取于火成围岩或源于地壳深部。  相似文献   

Late-Stage Ductile Deformation in Xiongdian-Suhe HP Metamorphic Unit, North-Western Dabie Shan, Central China     

SuoShutian ZhongZengqiu ZhouHanwen YouZhendong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(3):262-274

New structural and petrological data unveil a very complicated ductile deformation history of the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, north-western Dabie Shun, central China. The finegrained symplectic amphibolite-facies assemblage and coronal structure enveloping eclogite-facies garnet,omphacite and phengite etc., representing strain-free decompression and retrogressive metamorphism,are considered as the main criteria to distinguish between the early-stage deformation under HP metamorphic conditions related to the continental deep subduction and collision, and the late-stage deformation under amphibolite to greenschist-facies conditions occurred in the post-eclogite exhumation processes.Two late-stages of widely developed, sequential ductile deformations D3 and D4, are recognized on the basis of penetrative fabrics and mineral aggregates in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, which shows clear, regionally, consistent overprinting relationships. D3 fabrics are best preserved in the Suhe tract of low post-D3 deformation intensity and characterized by steeply dipping layered mylonitic amphibolites associated with doubly vergent folds. They are attributed to a phase of tectonism linked to the initial exhumation of the HP rocks and involved crustal shortening with the development of upright structures and the widespread emplacement of garnet-bearing granites and felsic dikes. D4 structures are attributed to the main episode of ductile extension (D^24) with a gently dipping foliation to the north and common intrafolial, recumbent folds in the Xiongdian tract, followed by normal sense top-to-the northductile shearing (D^24) along an important tectonic boundary, the so-called Majiawa-Hexiwan fault (MHF), the westward continuation of the Balifan-Mozitan-Xiaotian fault (BMXF) of the northern Dabie Shan. It is indicated that the two stages of ductile deformation observed in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, reflecting the post-eclogite compressional or extrusion wedge formation, the subhorizontal ductile extension and crustal thinning as well as the top-to-the north shearing along the high-angle ductile shear zones responsible for exhumation of the HP unit as a coherent slab, are consistent with those recognized in the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts, suggesting that they were closely associated in time and space. The Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit thus forms part of the Triassic(250-230 Ma) collision orogenic belt, and can not connect with the South Altun-North Qaidam-North Qinline UHP metamorphic belt formed durin~ the Early Paleozoic (500-400Ma).  相似文献   

The Exhumation History of North Qaidam Thrust Belt Constrained by Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology: Implication for the Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau     

CHENG Xiaogan  LIN Xiubin  WU Lei  CHEN Hanlin  XIAO Ancheng  GONG Junfeng  ZHANG Fengqi  YANG Shufeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(3):870-883

Determining the spatio-temporal distribution of the deformation tied to the India-Eurasian convergence and the impact of pre-existing weaknesses on the Cenozoic crustal deformation is significant for understanding how the convergence between India and Eurasia contributed to the development of the Tibetan Plateau. The exhumation history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was addressed in this research using a new apatite fission track (AFT) study in the North Qaidam thrust belt (NQTB). Three granite samples collected from the Qaidam Shan pluton in the north tied to the Qaidam Shan thrust, with AFT ages clustering in the Eocene to Miocene. The other thirteen samples obtained from the Luliang Shan and Yuka plutons in the south related to the Luliang Shan thrust and they have showed predominantly the Cretaceous AFT ages. Related thermal history modeling based on grain ages and track lengths indicates rapid cooling events during the Eocene-early Oligocene and since late Miocene within the Qaidam Shan, in contrast to those in the Cretaceous and since the Oligocene-Miocene in the Luliang Shan and Yuka region. The results, combined with published the Cretaceous thermochronological ages in the Qaidam Shan region, suggest that the NQTB had undergo rapid exhumation during the accretions along the southern Asian Andean-type margin prior to the India-Eurasian collision. The Cenozoic deformation initially took place in the North Qaidam thrust belt by the Eocene, which is consistent with the recent claim that the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau initiated in the Eocene as a response to continental collision between India and Eurasia. The immediate deformation responding to the collision is tentatively attributed to the pre-existing weaknesses of the lithosphere, and therefore the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau should be regarded as a boundary-condition-dependent process.  相似文献   

西天山Muruntau金矿床地质和S-Pb同位素示踪     

张国震  李志丹  董新丰  刘家瑛 《岩石学报》2016,32(5):1333-1345

Muruntau金矿床位于乌兹别克斯坦卡拉库姆板块北缘,是世界规模最大的金矿床。赋矿地层为一套发生绿片岩相浅变质作用的含炭复理石建造。矿区主要经历了四期变形变质作用(D1-D4),矿体受构造控制明显,就位于桑格龙套-塔姆德套与穆龙套-道古兹套剪切带的构造交汇部位,金矿化主要产于次级韧脆性断裂中。对矿床的矿石硫化物及地层开展了系统S、Pb同位素研究,结果表明石英脉型及蚀变岩型矿石中硫化物的δ34S变化范围较大,集中于2.2‰~6.1‰,其中蚀变岩型矿石中毒砂样品δ34S值集中于2.2‰~4.6‰,含金石英脉中硫化物样品δ34S值集中于3.0‰~6.1‰,方解石-石英脉中硫化物样品δ34S值集中于3.5‰~4.0‰,表明矿石中硫主要来源于地层,可能有少量岩浆硫加入。2件黑色页岩中毒砂206Pb/~(204)Pb为19.906~20.378,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.730~15.750,208Pb/~(204)Pb为38.388~39.894;3件含金石英脉中黄铁矿206Pb/~(204)Pb为18.848~19.431,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.669~15.736,208Pb/~(204)Pb为38.346~38.879;2件方解石脉中毒砂206Pb/~(204)Pb为18.715~19.563,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.639~15.740,208Pb/~(204)Pb为38.640~39.295。6件地层岩石样品的铅同位素组成206Pb/~(204)Pb为19.416~20.600,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.675~15.746,208Pb/~(204)Pb为38.876~39.431。矿石铅与地层铅均落于上地壳与造山带之间,矿石铅显示较大的跨度,且与地层岩石铅具有部分重合,显示成矿物质具有双重来源,与赋矿地层及造山期变质流体均表现出密切成因联系。结合矿床地质特征总结分析,沉积地层的物质准备+多期构造运动驱动变质流体运移(D1-D4)+岩浆热液的后期叠加应该是Muruntau巨量金属富集的关键控制因素。  相似文献