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This study examined water quality in the upper Animas River watershed, a mined watershed that gained notoriety following the 2015 Gold King mine release of acid mine drainage to downstream communities. Water-quality data were used to evaluate trends in metal concentrations and loads over a two-decade period. Selected sites included three sites on tributary streams and one main-stem site on the Animas River downstream from the tributary confluences. During the study period, metal concentrations and loads varied seasonally and annually because of hydrologic variability and remedial actions designed to ameliorate the effects of acid mine drainage. Water-quality data were divided into two periods based on the timing of remedial activities in the watershed. The first period includes active water treatment, surface reclamation and installation of bulkheads in adits; the second period includes the decade following these activities. Water-quality data were used to estimate annual and monthly zinc loads using the Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Method (using LOADEST software) and U.S. Geological Survey streamflow data. This study presents one of the first applications of LOADEST focused on metal loads. Monthly flow-weighted concentrations were analysed using a Mann-Kendall trend test to determine the direction, magnitude, and significance of temporal trends in zinc loading in any given month and using t-test comparisons between the two periods. Zinc loads estimated for the Animas River below the tributaries indicate decreased zinc loading during the rising limb of the hydrograph in the second period, perhaps reflecting a reduction of snowmelt-derived zinc load following surface reclamation activities. In contrast, base-flow zinc loading increased at the main-stem site, perhaps because of the cessation of water treatment in tributary streams. Flow weighting of monthly load estimates yielded increased statistical significance and enabled more nuanced differentiation between the effects of hydrologic variability and remedial activities on zinc loading. 相似文献
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磷的外源输入与底泥源汇变化是湖泊富营养化形成的重要原因,解析磷出入湖关键过程及其平衡变化对湖泊环境治理具有重要意义。本研究针对滇池外海出入湖磷通量变化问题,融合水文水质观测数据和HBV水文模型模拟数据,使用LOADEST负荷统计模型解析了2001-2018年滇池外海入湖河流、大气沉降和出湖河流的磷通量变化特征,评估了湖体总磷的源汇效应及其影响因素。结果表明:①2001-2018年滇池外海入湖磷通量年际间波动范围大,在118~700 t/a之间,多年平均入湖磷通量为280.61 t/a,其中河流平均输入251.97 t/a,大气沉降平均输入28.64 t/a,在研究的气象水文因子中,入湖磷通量主要影响因素是入湖流量和调水量,其次是降水;②滇池外海年均出湖总磷通量42.25 t/a,在8~84 t/a之间波动,出湖通量变化主要受入湖流量与调水量的影响,其次是气温;③在年和月的时间尺度上,滇池外海均表现为磷的环境汇,多年平均磷滞留量为238.36 t/a,但在部分年份(2009、2018年)逐日尺度上存在源效应。针对滇池外海常年表现磷的环境汇问题,调水工程对降低磷的滞留率有显著作用,但仍无法有效解决磷在湖泊中富集的问题。滇池外海持续的磷汇效应将增加湖泊未来水生态安全风险。 相似文献
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