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A ray-tracing computer program is described for a two-dimensional velocity distribution defined by the local wave velocitiesv
i, j
in points at arbitrary depthv
i, j
below the surface points with the horizontal coordinatesx
i
. The velocity variation is assumed to be linear in the triangles formed by three neighbouring points. Travel times and rays are then calculated after the exact analytic formulae for any position of the source within the model. No assumptions other than of a piecewise linear velocity structure are made. A first-order discontinuity can be approximated by a thin layer with a strong velocity gradient and refracted waves or wide-angle reflections obtained in this way. As an example,P-wave rays were computed for section No. 05 of the Alpine Longitudinal Profile. The model includes a low-velocity channel which is cut off on the eastern side, first-order discontinuities and a sediment basin.Paper presented at the ESC-Workshop Meeting Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media, Liblice, 1978. 相似文献
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本文在偶极子地磁模型和各种电离密度分布模型中,对中低纬非导管哨声波的传播特性进行了射线追踪研究。结果表明,地磁场位形及其引起的磁层等离子体的各向异性是决定哨声射线几何特征及速度结构的主要因素,而电离密度仅在一定程度上改变上述特征;电离层是形成哨声射线聚焦的主要原因;赤道异常和电离层显著地影响哨声波的到达纬度;哨声群时延和色散值主要决定于电离密度;中低纬非导管哨声近似符合Eckersley定律;电离层是决定波法线角能否满足透射条件的主要因素。 相似文献
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采用包括耗散的射线跟踪方法，计算了在水平不均匀风场作用下，不同尺度重力波从对流层直至220km观测高度的传播，结果表明，垂直于重力波传播方向的风以及风剪切能够引起波射线的折射，从而导致重力波明显偏离初始传播方向.在强顺风场作用下，由于风场引起的捕获，大量重力波不能传播到观测高度.由于风场引起的多普勒频移，小周期的重力波在弱顺风条件下能够传播到观测高度.由于反射作用，强逆风场不支持周期低于约18min的较高频重力波的传播.而在弱逆风作用下，大部分中尺度范围重力波都能够传播到观测高度.本文统计了武汉电离层观象台的TID观测数据随热层风场的分布，统计结果与模拟结果符合较好. 相似文献
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Seiichi Miura Narumi Takahashi Ayako Nakanishi Tetsuro Tsuru Shuichi Kodaira Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2005,407(3-4):165-188
The Japan Trench subduction zone, located east of NE Japan, has regional variation in seismicity. Many large earthquakes occurred in the northern part of Japan Trench, but few in the southern part. Off Miyagi region is in the middle of the Japan Trench, where the large earthquakes (M > 7) with thrust mechanisms have occurred at an interval of about 40 years in two parts: inner trench slope and near land. A seismic experiment using 36 ocean bottom seismographs (OBS) and a 12,000 cu. in. airgun array was conducted to determine a detailed, 2D velocity structure in the forearc region off Miyagi. The depth to the Moho is 21 km, at 115 km from the trench axis, and becomes progressively deeper landward. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is 7.9–8.1 km/s, which is typical velocity for uppermost mantle without large serpentinization. The dip angle of oceanic crust is increased from 5–6° near the trench axis to 23° 150 km landward from the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the oceanic uppermost mantle is as small as 7.7 km/s. This low-velocity oceanic mantle seems to be caused by not a lateral anisotropy but some subduction process. By comparison with the seismicity off Miyagi, the subduction zone can be divided into four parts: 1) Seaward of the trench axis, the seismicity is low and normal fault-type earthquakes occur associated with the destruction of oceanic lithosphere. 2) Beneath the deformed zone landward of the trench axis, the plate boundary is characterized as a stable sliding fault plain. In case of earthquakes, this zone may be tsunamigenic. 3) Below forearc crust where P-wave velocity is almost 6 km/s and larger: this zone is the seismogenic zone below inner trench slope, which is a plate boundary between the forearc and oceanic crusts. 4) Below mantle wedge: the rupture zones of thrust large earthquakes near land (e.g. 1978 off Miyagi earthquake) are located beneath the mantle wedge. The depth of the rupture zones is 30–50 km below sea level. From the comparison, the rupture zones of large earthquakes off Miyagi are limited in two parts: plate boundary between the forearc and oceanic crusts and below mantle wedge. This limitation is a rare case for subduction zone. Although the seismogenic process beneath the mantle wedge is not fully clarified, our observation suggests the two possibilities: earthquake generation at the plate boundary overridden by the mantle wedge without serpentinization or that in the subducting slab. 相似文献
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Yong L.McHall 《大气科学进展》1993,(4)
It has been argued in Part I that traditional expression of multidimensional group velocity used in meteorology is only applicable for isotropic waves. While for anisotropic waves, it cannot manifest propagation of waves group along the trajectory of a reference wave point, and varies with rotation of coordinates. The general mathematical expression of group velocity which may be used also for anisotropic waves has been derived in Part I. It will be proved that the mean wave energy, momentum and wave action density are all conserved as a wave group propagates at the general group velocity. Since general group velocity represents the movement of a reference point in either isotropic or anisotropic wave trains, it may be used to define wave rays. The variations of wave parameters along the rays in a slowly varying environment are represented by ray-tracing equations. Using the general group velocity, we may derive the anisotropic ray-tracing equations, which give the traditional ray-tracing equations for 相似文献
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Seiichi Miura Shuichi Kodaira Ayako Nakanishi Tetsuro Tsuru Narumi Takahashi Naoshi Hirata Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2003,363(1-2):79-102
The Japan Trench is a plate convergent zone where the Pacific Plate is subducting below the Japanese islands. Many earthquakes occur associated with plate convergence, and the hypocenter distribution is variable along the Japan Trench. In order to investigate the detailed structure in the southern Japan Trench and to understand the variation of seismicity around the Japan Trench, a wide-angle seismic survey was conducted in the southern Japan Trench fore-arc region in 1998. Ocean bottom seismometers (15) were deployed on two seismic lines: one parallel to the trench axis and one perpendicular. Velocity structures along two seismic lines were determined by velocity modeling of travel time ray-tracing method. Results from the experiment show that the island arc Moho is 18–20 km in depth and consists of four layers: Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, island arc upper and lower crust. The uppermost mantle of the island arc (mantle wedge) extends to 110 km landward of the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is laterally heterogeneous: 7.4 km/s at the tip of the mantle wedge and 7.9 km/s below the coastline. An interplate layer is constrained in the subducting oceanic crust. The thickness of the interplate layer is about 1 km for a velocity of 4 km/s. Interplate layer at the plate boundary may cause weak interplate coupling and low seismicity near the trench axis. Low P-wave velocity mantle wedge is also consistent with weak interplate coupling. Thick interplate layer and heterogeneous P-wave velocity of mantle wedge may be associated with the variation of seismic activity. 相似文献
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本文对初始波法线角δs不同的中低纬非导管哨声进行了射线追踪研究,结果表明,当δs≤0°时,哨声波可到达较大的L值,在另一半球较高纬度处形成“聚焦区”,这组哨声色散值较大;当δ>0°时,随以的增加,哨声射线内移,δ>10°的哨声射线汇聚于另一半球较低纬度处,这组哨声色散值较小。据此提出解释中低纬哨声色散值连续变化的一种可能机制:电离层电子浓度水平梯度的连续变化引起初始波法线角以的连续变化,从而导致射线路径、群时延和色散值的变化。 相似文献
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滕学军 《CT理论与应用研究》1995,4(1):10-14
本文对煤矿井下巷间地震波透射观测资料在平滑弯曲射线的基础上，利用联合迭代法（ＳＩＲＴ）进行煤体波速场的反演成像，并结合数值计算结果给以验证。其结果表明：采用平滑弯曲射线追中学地震波射线可以大大提高成像质量；地震层析成像技术用于探测煤体中的构造是一种有效且可行的方法。 相似文献
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Yong L. McHall 《大气科学进展》1993,10(4):407-414
It has been argued in Part I that traditional expression of multidimensional group velocity used in meteorology is only applicable for isotropic waves. While for anisotropic waves, it cannot manifest propagation of waves group along the trajectory of a reference wave point, and varies with rotation of coordinates. The general mathematical ex-pression of group velocity which may be used also for anisotropic waves has been derived in Part I. It will be proved that the mean wave energy, momentum and wave action density are all conserved as a wave group propagates at the general group velocity. Since general group velocity represents the movement of a reference point in either isotropic or anisotropic wave trains, it may be used to define wave rays. The variations of wave parameters along the rays in a slowly varying environment are represented by ray-tracing equations. Using the general group velocity, we may de-rive the anisotropic ray-tracing equations, which give the traditional ray-tracing equations for isotropic waves. 相似文献