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M. E. Bailey 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1992,54(1-3):49-61
Reasons for interest in the origin of short-period comets and the difficulties of computing their long-term dynamcal evolution are reviewed. The relative advantages of a source region in an extended inner core of the Oort cloud or a compact comet belt just beyond the planetary system are finely balanced, and it is premature to consider the problem solved. A complication is that some comets belonging to the Jupiter family may be part of a time-dependent system, possibly the remains of a giant comet such as Chiron which could have been part of the system 104 yr ago. The origin of short-period comets plays a pivotal role in many areas of solar system science: planet formation, the source of water (possibly life) on the terrestrial planets, the cratering record on the terrestrial planets and satellites of the outer planets, and the environmental impact posed by massive bodies and their decay products in the Earth's near-space environment. 相似文献
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The nucleus, coma, and dust jets of short-period Comet 19P/Borrelly were imaged from the Deep Space 1 spacecraft during its close flyby in September 2001. A prominent jet dominated the near-nucleus coma and emanated roughly normal to the long axis of nucleus from a broad central cavity. We show it to have remained fixed in position for more than 34 hr, much longer than the 26-hr rotation period. This confirms earlier suggestions that it is co-aligned with the rotation axis. From a combination of fitting the nucleus light curve from approach images and the nucleus' orientation from stereo images at encounter, we conclude that the sense of rotation is right-handed around the main jet vector. The inferred rotation pole is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the nucleus, consistent with a simple rotational state. Lacking an existing IAU comet-specific convention but applying a convention provisionally adopted for asteroids, we label this the north pole. This places the sub-solar latitude at ∼60° N at the time of the perihelion with the north pole in constant sunlight and thus receiving maximum average insolation. 相似文献
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本文介绍了改制后ＤＤ－１型地震仪放大器、稳频器、稳压器的工作原理，简述了其主要技术指标，并给出了仪器的标定和试验结果．ＤＤ－１型短周期地震仪改制。是为了使仪器更好地适应地震预报与基础研究的观测需要而进行的。将改制后的仪器经室内测试标定和实际观测，并与沈阳地震基准台记录进行对比分析，证明改制后的ＤＤ－１型短周期地震仪主要技术指标与工作性能已达到规范的要求． 相似文献
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使用位于松辽盆地内部的NECESSArray台阵连续两年背景噪声数据,通过波形互相关和多重滤波方法提取到2~14 s较短周期的Rayleigh波群速度和相速度频散曲线,基于快速行进（FMM）面波成像方法得到群速度和相速度成像结果,并采用最小二乘迭代线性方法反演获得了松辽盆地深至12 km的三维S波速度结构.本文成像结果显示：松辽盆地内部S波速度分布的横向不均匀性与该区域的构造单元呈现出良好的空间对应关系.从地表至下方的6 km深度,盆地北部比南部表现出更加强烈的低速异常,这一特征可能与盆地南北的沉积构造差异有关.中央坳陷区低速异常的边界与嫩江断裂走向相互平行,表明盆地基底断裂对盆地形成演化具有一定的控制作用.在垂直速度结构剖面中,2.9 km·s-1的S波速度等值线与地震反射剖面显示的盆地基底深度大致对应.基于S波速度模型和盆地基底速度（2.9 km·s-1）,我们获得精细的松辽盆地沉积层厚度模型,结果表明松辽盆地的沉积层厚度分布呈现出中间厚、四周薄的特征,中央坳陷区的沉积层厚度范围大约在3~6 km. 相似文献
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晚中生代以来,华北克拉通东部经历了以岩石圈减薄作用为主要特征的大规模岩石圈破坏.在此背景下,位于华北克拉通东部的胶东地区形成了大规模的伸展构造、广泛发育的花岗岩类侵入体和巨量的金矿化.为揭示胶东地区控矿构造在上地壳层次的发育特征及其与金成矿之间的联系,本文基于跨胶东半岛的NWW-SEE向短周期密集地震台阵剖面,开展了背景噪声成像研究,获得了胶东地区8km以浅的上地壳S波速度结构,其主要特征为:(1)胶东地区沉积层较薄,基底平均深度为1～2km左右;(2)垂向速度梯度显示胶西北基底/浅层高速间断面错断特征显著,与主要拆离断层对应关系良好,且相对速度扰动显示沿主要拆离断层发育SE倾向的条带状低速异常;(3)牟乳成矿带下方S波速度具有横向分块特征,与五莲—烟台等控矿断裂的陡倾特征吻合,且东部苏鲁造山带上地壳平均速度较胶西北地区明显偏高.综合本文成像结果及已有地质、地球物理资料,我们认为胶西北成矿带的控矿构造深部以大规模拆离断层为主要特征,而东部牟乳成矿带则以高角度的脆性(走滑)断裂为主,故控矿断裂构造的差异可能是胶东成矿区域性差异的主要控制因素. 相似文献
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During the last two minutes before closest approach of Deep Space 1 to Comet 19P/Borrelly, a long exposure was made with the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imaging spectrometer. The observation yielded 46 spectra covering 1.3-2.6 μm; the footprint of each spectrum was ∼160 m × width of the nucleus. Borrelly's highly variegated and extremely dark 8-km-long nucleus exhibits a strong red slope in its short-wavelength infrared reflection spectrum. This slope is equivalent to J-K and H-K colors of ∼0.82 and ∼0.43, respectively. Between 2.3-2.6 μm thermal emission is clearly detectable in most of the spectra. These data show the nucleus surface to be hot and dry; no trace of H2O ice was detected. The surface temperature ranged continuously across the nucleus from ?300 K near the terminator to a maximum of ∼340 K, the expected sub-solar equilibrium temperature for a slowly rotating body. A single absorption band at ∼2.39 μm is quite evident in all of the spectra and resembles features seen in nitrogen-bearing organic molecules that are reasonable candidates for compositional components of cometary nuclei. However as of yet the source of this band is unknown. 相似文献
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利用新疆和田地震台阵3 km孔径范围内架设的9个子台(包括1套宽频带和9套短周期地震仪)记录的3年远震波形数据,对比研究和分析了短周期地震仪接收函数的稳定性和可靠性.通过比较和分析短周期和长周期地震仪获取的接收函数波形,结果发现:(1)短周期地震仪记录与宽频带地震仪记录得到的接收函数有很好的一致性,且具有较高的稳定性,无论α取值为1.5还是2.5,短周期地震仪接收函数与宽频带地震仪接收函数都具有较强的线性相关性(相关系数0.9),但Ps震相均存在小幅的振幅差(约20%);(2)采用接收函数震相到时信息的方法(如H-κ叠加搜索),短周期地震仪可以代替宽频带地震仪;(3)由于短周期地震仪缺乏0.155 Hz以下的低频信号和在1 Hz以下频段非线性的振幅响应,仅仅采用短周期地震仪接收函数波形反演台站下方S波速度结构,获得下地壳到上地幔顶部的速度偏差较大(约0.3 km/s),可能会造成错误解释(如下地壳低速层),因此需要和其它对波速值敏感的数据(如面波频散)进行联合分析. 相似文献
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Following the ongoing debate about suitability of short-period sensor for seismic noise measurements at frequencies lower
than 1 Hz, in this study we compare recordings from two different seismometers (Güralp CMG-3ESPC and Mark L4C-3D) installed
side by side in the GeoForschungsZentrum laboratory. The comparison carried out in terms of Power Spectral Density and coherency
analysis shows an excellent agreement between the short-period and the broad-band recordings in the frequency band 0.2–20 Hz.
Therefore, this result highlights that with a calibrated short-period sensor one can obtain the same results that would be
obtained by using a broad-band seismometer in the band of engineering interest. 相似文献
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大气压力变化可分为由日、月引力和太阳热辐射产生的潮汐变化和非潮汐频段的短周期气压变化,其引起的地壳应变可达10-9量级.我们选用分钟采样的观测精度达10-9量级的钻孔应变仪,对山东省泰安台2O02～2005年气压及体应变分钟值资料进行深入分析,研究了地壳应变场对短周期气压变化的响应规律.频谱分析结果表明,短周期气压变化对体应变的影响主要集中在周期大于2000 s的低频段.利用小波分解方法,得出了短周期气压系数随不同频段和不同时间的变化规律:高频段(周期小于960 s)气压系数数值较小,随频率变化幅度较大;低频段(周期大于960 s)气压系数数值较大,但变化趋于平稳;在频段一定的情况下,短周期气压系数随时间变化较平稳.从钻孔应变仪观测原理和按余弦函数分布的载荷作用于地壳表面的应力解出发,得出了地壳不同深度对不同频率短周期气压场的响应,理论计算与实际观测基本相符.研究结果表明,短周期气压变化对低频信号(周期大于2000 s)的影响较大,提取低频地球自由振荡信号时要消除气压影响,对苏门答腊大地震激发的地球球型自由振荡的功率谱分析验证了这一结论. 相似文献