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Seismic reflection profiles and long- and medium-range sidescan sonar were used to investigate a salt diapir complex and area of slope instability near the base of the Continental Slope off North Carolina. Within the area of investigation three diapirs are bounded on their upslope side by a scarp 60 m high and 50 km long. The slope above the scarp is characterized by a series of shallow rotational normal faults. The bottom below the scarp is furrowed by slide tracks, which were probably carved by large blocks that broke off the scarp face and slid downslope leaving rubble and scree lobes.Extensive slumping in this area appears to be a result of uplift and faulting associated with salt intrusion, which has fractured and oversteepened the slope leading to instability and failure. Sharply defined slide tracks suggest that slope failure above the breached diapir complex is a continuing process, in contrast to much of the surrounding slope area where few instability features were observed. 相似文献
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Adam Carter Benjamin van Wyk de Vries Karim Kelfoun Patrick Bachèlery Pierre Briole 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(7):741-756
A clear model of structures and associated stress fields of a volcano can provide a framework in which to study and monitor
activity. We propose a volcano-tectonic model for the dynamics of the summit of Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island,
Indian Ocean). The summit contains two main pit crater structures (Dolomieu and Bory), two active rift zones, and a slumping
eastern sector, all of which contribute to the actual fracture system. Dolomieu has developed over 100 years by sudden large
collapse events and subsequent smaller drops that include terrace formation. Small intra-pit collapse scars and eruptive fissures
are located along the southern floor of Dolomieu. The western pit wall of Dolomieu has a superficial inward dipping normal
fault boundary connected to a deeper ring fault system. Outside Dolomieu, an oval extension zone containing sub-parallel pit-related
fractures extends to a maximum distance of 225 m from the pit. At the summit the main trend for eruptive fissures is N80°,
normal to the north–south rift zone. The terraced structure of Dolomieu has been reproduced by analogue models with a roof
to width ratio of approximately 1, suggesting an original magma chamber depth of about 1 km. Such a chamber may continue to
act as a storage location today. The east flank has a convex–concave profile and is bounded by strike-slip fractures that
define a gravity slump. This zone is bound to the north by strike-slip fractures that may delineate a shear zone. The southern
reciprocal shear zone is probably marked by an alignment of large scoria cones and is hidden by recent aa lavas. The slump
head intersects Dolomieu pit and may slide on a hydrothermally altered layer known to be located at a depth of around 300 m.
Our model has the summit activity controlled by the pit crater collapse structure, not the rifts. The rifts become important
on the mid-flanks of the cone, away from pit-related fractures. On the east flank the superficial structures are controlled
by the slump. We suggest that during pit subsidence intra-pit eruptions may occur. During tumescence, however, the pit system
may become blocked and a flank eruption is more likely. Intrusions along the rift may cause deformation that subsequently
increases the slump’s potential to deform. Conversely, slumping may influence the east flank stress distribution and locally
control intrusion direction. These predictions can be tested with monitoring data to validate the model and, eventually, improve
monitoring. 相似文献
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A distinction is made between slumping and spalling. Slumping involves a compound slide with rotation and translation: the latter along one of the bedding plane shear surfaces in the Barton Beds. Spalling is an isolated failure of the exposed cliff face due to weathering. Where slumping is the dominant mode of cliff top recession, the latter is an incremental process with the increments being equal to the breadth of the slumps. A statistical study has been made of the breadth, length and plan area of 42 slumps observed over a 2 km stretch of the Christchurch Bay coastal cliffs and significant trends deduced. 相似文献
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湖相沉积岩中的同生变形构造及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以渤海湾周缘地区的东濮凹陷下第三系沙三沙四段湖相沉积岩中出现的同生变形构造为例,讨论其命名、分类、主要类型、形成机理及其在分析古沉积环境、古地理和古构造等方面的意义。这项讨论为研究陆相含油气盆地的同生变形构造提供了对比依据。 相似文献
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陕北晋西黄土滑塌灾害的初步研究以西气东输工程为例 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
黄土滑塌灾害是黄土高原北部地区的-种特殊斜坡变形破坏类型。由于其突发性和频繁发生的特点, 常造成大批窑洞、房屋倒塌和人员伤亡, 并给该区铁路、公路和长输管道建设造成严重危害。由于黄土滑塌灾害具有滑坡和崩塌两种机制和先滑后塌的变形破坏过程, 以往常把它们作为滑坡或崩塌来研究。作者通过陕西靖边县至山西蒲县间 30 0km黄土地质灾害的野外调查和室内的微观分析, 发现黄土滑塌灾害的发生主要受黄土粘粒含量的控制, 因此在空间上具有鲜明的地域性:0.0 0 5mm粘粒含量 10 %的砂黄土区是滑塌灾害严重发育区; 0.0 0 5mm粘粒含量在 10 %～ 2 0 %之间的典型黄土区是滑塌灾害弱发育区; 0.0 0 5mm粘粒含量 2 0 %的粘黄土区是滑塌灾害不发育区。作者在黄土滑塌灾害产生机理和形成条件研究的基础上提出了相应的工程对策。 相似文献
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