地体的单向和多向聚合与离散     

朱文斌  王玺  葛荣峰 《地质学报》2021,95(1):124-138

地体构造是对板块构造理论的发展和补充,它受控于全球板块动力学体系,因此不能将地体与板块割裂开来去研究。其相对于刚性板块的小规模、多样性和广泛性,对了解全球板块的离散和大陆的拼贴增生过程具有十分重要意义。地体构造无处不在,它不仅存在于中、新生代陆缘造山带中,也存在于古老造山带中,一些古老的克拉通实际上也是由不同的地体拼合而成的。地体的运动包括聚合、离散和走滑三种方式,地体的增生作用是聚合的主要表现形式,并导致大陆的生长扩大,而地体的离散作用联合增生作用,决定了现代大陆的轮廓。分析地体聚合和离散的过程,可以发现有两种不同的模式,即单向聚合-离散和多向聚合-离散,它们对应了不同的地球动力学过程。地体的单向聚合-离散可以由大洋的俯冲增生或大陆汇聚碰撞而导致,但在这个过程中,大洋向大陆的单向俯冲起到了主导作用。地体的多向离散和聚合与岩石圈的裂解与汇聚有密切联系,从全球构造演化的格局来看,岩石圈裂解与汇聚的方向本身具有多向性,这就导致了一些微陆块地体与具洋壳性质的地体一同发生多向离散和聚合。地体的单向离散和聚合会因构造变动而转变为多向离散和聚合,俯冲板片回转与海沟后撤会导致俯冲带弯曲和俯冲方向的改变,这是引起上述转变的原因。  相似文献   

Unpairing metamorphic belts: P–T paths and a tectonic model for the Ryoke Belt, southwest Japan     

MICHAEL BROWN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1998,16(1):3-22

Southwest Japan is divided into Outer and Inner Zones by the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), a major transcurrent fault. The Outer Zone is composed of the Sambagawa (high-pressure intermediate or high P/T type metamorphism), Chichibu and Shimanto Belts. In the Inner Zone, the Ryoke Belt (andalusite– sillimanite or low P/T type metamorphism) was developed mainly within a Jurassic accretionary complex. This spatial relationship between high P/T type and low P/T type metamorphic belts led Miyashiro to the idea that metamorphic belts were developed as ‘paired’ systems. Textural relationships and petrogenetically significant mineral assemblages in pelites from the Ryoke Belt imply peak P–T conditions of ≈5 kbar and up to 850 °C in migmatitic garnet–cordierite rocks from the highest-grade metamorphic zone. It is likely that the thermal anomaly responsible for metamorphism of the Ryoke Belt was related to a segment of the Farallon–Izanagi Ridge as it subducted under the eastern margin of the Asian continent during the Cretaceous. The sequence of mineral assemblages developed in pelites implies a metamorphic field gradient with shallow dP/dT slope, inferred to have been generated by a nested set of hairpin-like ‘clockwise’P–T paths. These P–T paths are characterized by limited prograde thickening, minor decompression at peak-T , and near-isobaric cooling, features that may be typical of P–T paths in low P/T type metamorphic belts caused by ridge subduction. A ridge subduction model for the Ryoke Belt implies that juxtaposition of the high-P/T metamorphic rocks of the Sambagawa Belt against it was a result of terrane amalgamation. Belt-parallel ductile stretching, recorded as syn-metamorphic, predominantly constrictional strain in both Ryoke and Sambagawa Belt rocks, and substantial sinistral displacement on the MTL are consistent with left-lateral oblique convergence. Diachroneity in fast cooling of the Ryoke Belt is implied by extant thermochronological data, and is inferred to relate to progressive SW to NE docking of the Sambagawa Belt. Thus, an alternative interpretation of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in Japan is that they represent laterally contemporaneous terranes, rather than outboard and inboard components of a trench/arc ‘paired’ system. Amalgamation of laterally contemporaneous terranes during large translations of forearcs along continental margins may explain other examples of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in the geological record.  相似文献   

层状云中飞机人工增雨作业间距的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

余兴  戴进 《大气科学》2005,29(3):465-474

利用数值试验方法, 设计了4 km, 8 km和20 km 三种飞机增雨播云间距方案, 研究了不同间距对有效区域的影响.从结果分析发现, 实际形成的播云线受水平风场输送作用, 与设计的航线产生了偏离; 不同播云间距形成的投影有效面积、有效作用时段不同, 其时空分布及投影有效面积所对应的地面位置也不尽相同.另外, 提出了增雨效益的数学表达式.效益分析表明, 在相同作业条件下, 8 km间距的增雨效益比20 km间距提高31%, 比4 km间距提高了23%, 4 km间距比20 km间距提高6%, 其物理原因主要是并合作用.最后, 针对交叉和平行播云方案, 提出了设计最佳播云间距的数学表达式.  相似文献   

地体构造对研究地台和地盾区域成矿规律的重要性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡受奚  赵懿英  徐兵  陈衍景 《地学前缘》1994,(4)

３０年前板块构造理论的建立引起所有相关的地球科学的革命，其中包括区域成矿学。然而随着地球科学理论的发展，板块构造理论对于解释地壳，特别是早前寒武的地盾、地台和克拉通区的复杂构造现象显得不完备，因此，近２０年来地体构造理论的发展补充了板块构造理论的不足。近年来，各国地质学家相继发现世界上各地盾、地台和克拉通区，如华北地台、乌克兰地盾、阿尔丹地盾、加拿大地盾、非洲地台、澳大利亚耶尔冈克拉通等是由多个地体所组成。每一个地体是一个独立的和基本的地质构造单元，彼此间由地缝合线或深断裂隔开。由于每个地体的地质特征、构造环境和成矿作用各不相同，因而地体构造成为区域成矿学的一个重要组成部分。  相似文献   

Groups of Parts and Their Balances in Compositional Data Analysis   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

J. J. Egozcue  V. Pawlowsky-Glahn 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(7):795-828

Amalgamation of parts of a composition has been extensively used as a technique of analysis to achieve reduced dimension, as was discussed during the CoDaWork'03 meeting (Girona, Spain, 2003). It was shown to be a non-linear operation in the simplex that does not preserve distances under perturbation. The discussion motivated the introduction in the present paper of concepts such as group of parts, balance between groups, and sequential binary partition, which are intended to provide tools of compositional data analysis for dimension reduction. Key concepts underlying this development are the established tools of subcomposition, coordinates in an orthogonal basis of the simplex, balancing element and, in general, the Aitchison geometry in the simplex. Main new results are: a method to analyze grouped parts of a compositional vector through the adequate coordinates in an ad hoc orthonormal basis; and the study of balances of groups of parts (inter-group analysis) as an orthogonal projection similar to that used in standard subcompositional analysis (intra-group analysis). A simulated example compares results when testing equal centers of two populations using amalgamated parts and balances; it shows that, in certain circumstances, results from both analysis can disagree.  相似文献   

桂北破碎带蚀变岩型金矿选矿工艺   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐朝霞  陆孝赞  龚名文  王钦华 《矿产与地质》2003,17(3):254-255,260

对桂北金矿利用混汞与氰化渗滤池浸联合选矿工艺，采用原矿石—破碎—混汞—渗滤浸取—置换—冶炼工艺流程，提高金回收率，取得较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

论中国大陆的板内变形机制   总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23  

万天丰  赵维明 《地学前缘》2002,9(2):451-463

中国大陆板内变形普遍比较强烈。造成大陆板内变形比较强烈的原因 ,笔者认为主要有以下4点 :地块小、数量多、地块稳定性差 ;沉积盖层厚度大、地块表层强度低 ;地块经受了多期次的碰撞、拼合 ;中生代以来周邻板块作用比较强烈 ,板内应力场多次发生变化。板块间碰撞所产生远程效应是造成中国大陆普遍发生强烈板内变形的主要动力。正是在这种方向多变的、近于水平的动力作用下 ,由于各圈层岩石强度不同 ,派生出一系列圈层间的滑脱面、拆离面或断层 ,造成了比较强烈的大陆板内变形 ,在地下深处出现局部的减压地段 ,从而诱发了深部的岩浆活动。  相似文献   

Permian palaeomagnetism of East Kazakhstan and the amalgamation of Eurasia     

Natalia M. Levashova  Kirill E. Degtyarev  Mikhail L. Bazhenov  Adam Q. Collins  Rob Van der Voo 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,152(3):677-687

  相似文献   

陆相等时地层格架建立方法新探——以冀东高尚堡深层Es3^2＋3油藏为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

宋来明  彭仕宓徐强李海燕  李爱荣 《地质学报》2007,81(5):712-720

近30年时间,层序地层学理论得到了飞速发展,并在石油、煤矿等矿产领域获得了应用,取得了极大的经济效益。层序地层学理论自身不断完善的同时,其突出问题也日益暴露出来:流派众多,多家层序地层学流派对层序的级次、划分方案乃至层序的界线理解各异;不同流派层序地层学者对同一问题看法分歧较大,缺乏广适性;不易制定操作规范;各流派相互融合贯通研究较少。在复杂陆相地层研究中,这些问题尤为突出,并且日益暴露出单一层序地层学流派的不足。由此,决定探讨一种方法思路,力求吸取各家之长,总结出一套陆相地层层序地层学研究方法。分析认为,经典层序地层学和高分辨率层序地层学理论在研究的深度及系统性上、应用的广泛性上比较突出。对两种层序地层学理论基础、层序级次、层序界面等特征分析表明,这两种层序地层学理论上具有相互结合的可能性。为此,以冀东高尚堡深层Es32 3油藏为例,采用经典与高分辨率层序地层学理论相结合的方法,从层序的宏观特征和微观特征出发,建立了工区精细等时层序地层格架。构造格局与沉积特征、生产实践均表明,该地层格架较为合理。理论研究与实践分析表明,在陆相地层研究中,将经典层序地层学与高分辨率层序地层学理论相结合,是提高理论研究的科学性与实际应用效率的有意义的方法。  相似文献   

Triassic high-strain shear zones in Hainan Island (South China) and their implications on the amalgamation of the Indochina and South China Blocks: Kinematic and Ar/Ar geochronological constraints     

Feifei Zhang  Yuejun Wang  Xinyue Chen  Weiming Fan  Yanhua Zhang  Guowei Zhang  Aimei Zhang 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(4):910-925

A kinematic and geochronological study has been carried out on the Triassic high-strain shear zones in Hainan Island, the southern South China Block. There are WNW- and NE-trending high-strain shear zones with greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism in this island. Kinematic indicators suggest a dextral top-to-the-NNE thrust shearing for the WNW-trending high-strain shear zones and a sinistral top-to-the-SE thrust shearing for the NE-trending shear zones. The quartz c-axis orientations of mylonitic rocks exhibit the domination of basal slip and some activation of a rhombohedra gliding system. The timing of shearing for these shear zones has been constrained by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating analyses of synkinematic minerals. Middle Triassic (242–250 Ma) and late Triassic–early Jurassic (190–230 Ma) have been identified for the WNW- and NE-trending shear zones, respectively. A synthesis of these kinematic and thermogeochronological data points to a two-stage tectonic model for Hainan Island, that is, top-to-the-NNE oblique thrusting at 240–250 Ma followed by top-to-the-SE oblique thrusting at 190–230 Ma. In combination with the available data from the southern South China and Indochina Blocks, it is inferred that South Hainan and North Hainan have affinity to the Indochina and South China Blocks, respectively. The tectonic boundary between South Hainan and North Hainan lies roughly along the WNW-trending Changjiang–Qionghai tectonic zone probably linking to the Song Ma and Ailaoshan zones. The middle Triassic structural pattern of Hainan Island is spatially and temporally compatible with those of the South China and Indochina Blocks, and thus might be a derivation from the amalgamation of the Indochina with South China Blocks in response to the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean and subsequent subduction/collision.  相似文献