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山东蒙山八字峪(亦有人称为瑶池)砾石堆积堤不连续对称分布于出山沟口,沿流向延伸,具有弧形或舌状沉积的典型特征。2020年10月在蒙山八字峪砾石堆积堤测量了56块砾石组构,并在叠置砾石隙间采集到4个树干~(14)C测年样品。研究结果如下:(1)八字峪堆积垄岗砾石组构、沉积构造、地貌组合等标志,均指向其为山洪泥石流堆积物;(2)缺少扇形地、表泥层与底泥层,具有砂砾透镜体的砾石层,揭示八字峪砾石堤为暴发频率极低、发展周期较长的泥石流堆积;(3)根据已有测年结果和乔木定居期,八字峪砾石堤在距今50年前曾发生山洪灾害,这与文献记载具有一致性;(4)八字峪砾石堤成因属于暴雨直接类特大型历史泥石流,可能是一次性、短历时快速地貌灾害过程,且被后期洪流有所改造;(5)八字峪砾石堤形成原因与冰川作用无关,也不是"典型的石河"。已报道的蒙山"冰川遗迹",不仅缺少可靠的三要素地貌组合证据,而且缺少年代学和沉积学依据。总之,本文从证据链上进一步增强了蒙山山麓碎屑堆积为山洪泥石流成因判别的确定性。 相似文献
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蒙山八字峪砾石堆积堤的地貌成因和年代初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东蒙山八字峪砾石堆积堤对称分布于出山沟口,沿流向延伸,具有分段现象和弧形或舌状沉积的典型特征。2020年10月在蒙山八字峪砾石堆积堤测量了56块砾石组构,并在叠置砾石隙间和砾石层底部采集到3个树干14C测年样品。研究结果如下：（1）八字峪砾石组构、沉积构造、地貌组合等标志,均指向其为山洪泥石流堆积物;（2）缺少扇形地、表泥层与底泥层,具有砂砾透镜体的砾石层,揭示八字峪砾石堤为暴发频率极低、发展周期较长的间歇性泥石流堆积;（3）根据已有测年结果和乔木定居期,八字峪砾石堤在距今50年前曾发生山洪灾害,这与文献记载具有一致性;（4）八字峪砾石堤成因属于暴雨直接类特大型历史泥石流,可能是一次性、短历时快速地貌灾害过程;（5）八字峪砾石堤形成原因与冰川作用无关,也不是“典型的石河”。已报道的蒙山“冰川遗迹”,不仅缺少可靠的三要素地貌组合证据,而且缺少年代学和沉积学依据。总之,本文从证据链上进一步增强了蒙山山麓碎屑堆积为山洪泥石流成因判别的确定性。 相似文献
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地貌学和沉积学证据表明,山东蒙山地质灾害遗迹分布广泛,通常以砾石堆积堤及河谷堆积阶地的形式保留在现代河床之上。其中,峨峪口砾石堤在蒙山具有典型性和代表性。探明峨峪口砾石堤的成因类型和发生历史,对中国东部（105° E以东）第四纪环境变化、气候地貌过程具有重要的科学研究和科普教育价值。2020年10月和2021年2月,笔者团队两次赴蒙山考察,野外工作主要是砾石组构测量,寻找砾石埋压的断木等有机14C测年材料,以及历史洪水调查、地方文献资料收集等。研究结果表明：（1）峨峪口砾石堤不连续、不对称分布于凹岸（弯道）,砾石组构、石线构造、叠置空洞构造和砾石群构造等成因专属性特征,以及砾石表面擦痕的明度,揭示其可能为数百年前所形成的一次性历史泥石流堆积垄岗,且被后期山洪改造过;（2）年代学和遥感资料显示,1991年夏季峨峪口等地曾暴发大型山洪泥石流,这一结果与蒙山泥石流的历史记载具有一致性,从证据链上进一步增强了峨峪口砾石堤泥石流成因的确然性;（3）峨峪口砾石堤可能是低频、短历时快速地貌灾害过程,属于暴雨直接类特大型历史泥石流堆积,其物源主要是峨峪口上游谷地的重力崩积物;（4）峨峪口砾石堤缺少冰缘现象的地貌组合证据,不存在全新世早期冰缘地貌的年代学依据,当地不具备发育全新世早期“石河”和“冻土环境”的气候条件;（5）蒙山地区分布有丰富的碎屑物质和比较陡的沟谷纵剖面,暴雨频繁、水分充足,具有泥石流暴发的形成条件,周边居民点、公路和登山步道应加强山洪泥石流地质灾害防治工作。 相似文献
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Thomas C. Pierson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(6):811-831
Dating of dynamic, young (<500 years) geomorphic landforms, particularly volcanofluvial features, requires higher precision than is possible with radiocarbon dating. Minimum ages of recently created landforms have long been obtained from tree‐ring ages of the oldest trees growing on new surfaces. But to estimate the year of landform creation requires that two time corrections be added to tree ages obtained from increment cores: (1) the time interval between stabilization of the new landform surface and germination of the sampled trees (germination lag time or GLT); and (2) the interval between seedling germination and growth to sampling height, if the trees are not cored at ground level. The sum of these two time intervals is the colonization time gap (CTG). Such time corrections have been needed for more precise dating of terraces and floodplains in lowland river valleys in the Cascade Range, where significant eruption‐induced lateral shifting and vertical aggradation of channels can occur over years to decades, and where timing of such geomorphic changes can be critical to emergency planning. Earliest colonizing Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were sampled for tree‐ring dating at eight sites on lowland (<750 m a.s.l.), recently formed surfaces of known age near three Cascade volcanoes – Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood – in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon. Increment cores or stem sections were taken at breast height and, where possible, at ground level from the largest, oldest‐looking trees at each study site. At least ten trees were sampled at each site unless the total of early colonizers was less. Results indicate that a correction of four years should be used for GLT and 10 years for CTG if the single largest (and presumed oldest) Douglas fir growing on a surface of unknown age is sampled. This approach would have a potential error of up to 20 years. Error can be reduced by sampling the five largest Douglas fir instead of the single largest. A GLT correction of 5 years should be added to the mean ring‐count age of the five largest trees growing on the surface being dated, if the trees are cored at ground level. This correction would have an approximate error of ±5 years. If the trees are cored at about 1·4 m above the ground surface (breast height), a CTG correction of 11 years should be added to the mean age of the five sampled trees (with an error of about ±7 years). Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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